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BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY
VOU. Vu

1055-1959

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF

THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

LONDON: 1959

DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE PARTS

No.
No.
No.

CS PIAWEY Ys

22 July
26 August
26 August
12 September
24 October
31 October
14 October

9 January
30 January

PRINTED IN
GREAT BRITAIN
AT THE
BARTHOLOMEW PRESS
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BY
ADLARD AND SON, LTD.

1958
1958
1958
1958
1958
1958
1958
1959
1959

CONTENTS
ENTOMOLOGY VOLUME VII

The Mealy-Bugs (Pseudococcidae : Homoptera) described by W. J.
Hall, F. Laing and A. H. Strickland from the Ethiopian Region.

By D. J. WILLIAMS I
The African species of Stivalius, a genus of Siphonaptera. By

P.G. A. M. Saur 39
The Pseudococcidae (Hom. : Coccoidea) described by C. K. Brain

from South Africa. By G. DE Lotto 27
Revisions of Mallophaga Genera. Degeeriella from the falconiformes.

By THERESA CLAY I2I
Révision du genre Exocentrus Mulsant (Col., Cerambycidae). By S.

BREUNING 209

New and little known Emesinae (Reduviidae, Hemiptera) in the
British Museum (Natural History), London. By P. WycopzInsky
329
New species and subspecies of Odonata and some Trichoptera from
S. Rhodesia and Portuguese East Africa. By D. E. KImMMINS

347
New or little known Butterflies from Malaya. By Lt.-Cor. J. N.
ELIOT 369
A study of the New Zealand Chironomidae (Diptera, Nematocera).
By PauL FREEMAN 393

Index to Volume VII 439

THE MEALY-BUGS
(PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

DESCRIBED BY
W. J. HALL, F. LAING AND
A. H. STRICKLAND
FROM THE ETHIOPIAN REGION

D. J. WILLIAMS

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 1
LONDON: 1958

THE MEALY-BUGS
(PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)
Pes ripe BY W. |. HALL, F. LAING AND
A. H. STRICKLAND
FROM THE ETHIOPIAN REGION

D. J. WILLIAMS

Commonwealth Institute of Entomology

Pp. 1-37; 15 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No.1
LONDON : 1958

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical Series.

Paris appear at irregular intervals as they become
veady. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 7, No. 1 of the Entomological
series. |

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued July, 1958 Price Ten Shillings

THE MEALY-BUGS
(PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)
DESCRIBED BY W. J. HALL, F. LAING AND
A. H. STRICKLAND FROM THE

ETHIOPIAN REGION

By D. J. WILLIAMS

Commonwealth Institute of Entomology

THIS paper is one of a series to describe and illustrate, where necessary, all the
mealy-bugs of the Ethiopian Region. The work is being undertaken jointly by
the writer and by Mr. G. De Lotto of the Department of Agriculture, Nairobi,
Kenya. One paper has already appeared by De Lotto (1957) dealing with the species
described by James from East Africa and another has been completed (Williams,
1958) on the species described by Maskell, Newstead, Cockerell and Green from
the Ethiopian Region.

Altogether twenty-three species are herein discussed, of which eighteen are regarded
as valid and of these, illustrations are given of fifteen. Excellent illustrations of
the remaining three species have been given already by other authors and these will
be mentioned in the appropriate places. The redescription in each case is based on
the holotype and type material held in the British Museum (Natural History).
Following the system in my earlier paper, no attempt will be made, in this instance,
to erect new genera as the main purpose is to redescribe the species. A species will
be placed in a different known genus, however, should this be thought necessary.
The terms used are those in current use and are drawn mainly from Ferris (1950),
Ezzatt & McConnell (1956) and Borkhsenius (1949). Although many of the species
discussed are known from the original discovery only, a few have been collected in
other localities in recent years. No attempt is made here to list all localities and
hosts as it is hoped to incorporate this aspect in a final revision of the Pseudococcidae.

I am indebted to Mr. G. De Lotto for kindly comparing material of Antonina
indica panica Hall with the related species described by Brain.

THE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY W. J. HALL

Hall described five mealy-bugs from Southern Rhodesia and two from South
Africa. One of these, Trionymus pterocaulont, described from Southern Rhodesia,
is here regarded as being identical with T. sanguineus James. Hall (1937) recorded
Trionymus masrensis Hall from Southern Rhodesia but this material is not the same
ENTOM, 7. I. 1§

4 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

as the type from Egypt. An interesting species described by Hall (1941) as
Molluscococcus fibrillae from Southern Rhodesia and listed as a Pseudococcine form
is here considered to belong to the family Dactylopiidae, recently defined by Ferris
(19554). Two species described from Egypt, Antonina indica panica and Phenacoccus
imermis are discussed because the latter is here recorded from the Republic of the
Sudan and the former was recorded by Hall (1937) from Southern Rhodesia.

Antonina indica panica Hall

Antonina indica var. panica Hall, 1925, Bull. Minist. Agric. Egypt, 64: 6.
Anionina indica var. panica Hall, 1937, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86 : 125.

Hall described this species from Egypt on Panicum turgidum and later recorded
it from Theydon, Southern Rhodesia on the roots of Eragrostis sp. near chalcantha.
It seems probable that it is the same as a species described by Brain from South
Africa. Mr. De Lotto, who is reviewing the species described by Brain will deal
with this question in a future paper.

Mirococcus inermis (Hall)
(Text-fig. 1)

Phenacoccus inermis Hall, 1925, Bull. Minist. Agric. Egypt, 64: 7.
Mirococcus inermis (Hall), Borkhsenius, 1947, Proc. Acad. Sci. Armen. S.S.R. 7: 142.

Hasit. Originally described by Hall from material collected near Helwan,
Egypt, on the roots of Cleome arabica, Cressa cretica, Frankenia pulverulenta and
Zygophyllum simplex. It has since been recorded throughout North Africa and
Borkhsenius (1949) has recorded the species from Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Uzbekistan and Tadjikistan in the U.S.S.R. Material is at hand from the Ethiopian
Region collected at Khartoum, Sudan on Portulaca sp. Hall gives the following
description of the external appearance: ‘‘ Naples-yellow in colour, covered some-
what sparsely but uniformly with white pulverulent secretionary matter. Marginal
filaments wanting. Skin delicate.”

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. The shape of the adult female varies considerably
according to the age of the individual. In the young adult the shape is elongate-oval
but later becomes more rounded and some specimens become globose ; older speci-
mens attaining a length of 3-5 mm. Posterior end of body rounded, anal lobes
obsolete. Antennae short, 9-segmented, the terminal segment rounded. Legs
short and slender, with a denticle on the plantar surface of the claw. Circulus
rather large. Ostioles poorly developed with three or four trilocular pores and an
occasional seta on each lip. Anal ring with six setae which are slightly shorter than
the diameter of the ring. The outer ring is composed of small pores giving the whole
ting a narrow appearance. Cerarii absent. Dorsal setae all short and slender, not
numerous. Multilocular disc pores distributed over dorsum, scattered on head and
thorax but they occupy transverse rows on the abdomen. Tubular ducts small,
of the oral collar type, present on the abdomen only where they are sparse and are
arranged more or less in transverse rows, there being scarcely more than ten on any

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 5

Fic. I.

6 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

one segment and usually less on the posterior segments. Trilocular pores few,
evenly distributed.

Ventral surface with a pair of long, stout, apical setae. Ventral setae having a
similar distribution to those on the dorsum but they tend to be longer, especially
on the posterior segments. Multilocular disc pores scattered on the head and thorax
but there is a noticeable group posterior to each spiracle. On the abdomen they
lie in transverse rows and lateral groups and are more numerous than on the dorsum.
Tubular ducts sparse on the thorax where they are present mainly on the margins
and between the first legs. They form transverse rows on the abdominal segments
and become more numerous posteriorly. Trilocular pores evenly but sparsely
distributed.

Notes. This species has been made the type of the genus Mzrococcus. The
total absence of cerarii, the 9-segmented antennae and the denticle on the claw
serve to distinguish the species.

Octococcus pentziae Hall
(Text-fig. 2)
Octococcus pentziae Hall, 1939, J. ent. Soc. S. Afr. 2: 93.

Hasit. Described from Grootfontein School of Agriculture, Middelburg, Cape,
South Africa on Pentzia sp. (Compositae). Hall gives the following description of
the insect in life: “‘ Adult female enclosed in a closely felted sac which is white or
more often dirty white on account of extraneous matter which has become incor-
porated. The sac is broadly ovoid and convex, almost globular, with a small
orifice towards one extremity.”

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. A small oval species rarely exceeding I-5 mm. in
length. Antennae g-segmented. Legs long and slender with a few translucent
pores on the hind coxae. Small conical setae are situated on the coxae, trochanters
and tibiae of the second and third pairs of legs. Claw with a minute denticle.
Circulus absent. Ostioles poorly developed, there being a posterior pair only,
each of which is in the form of a narrow slit with sclerotized lips. Anal ring with
six setae which are about one and a half times as long as the diameter of the ring.
The anal ring is often located at a short distance from the apex of the body and as
the cisanal setae are of similar size and shape to the anal ring setae and lie very
close to the posterior end of the ring, the impression is given of a ring with eight
setae. Cerarii confined to the two posterior segments. Anal lobe cerarii each
composed of a pair of short conical setae accompanied by about four long stout
blunt setae and two or three trilocular pores surrounded by an elongate sclerotized
area. Penultimate cerarii each with two conical setae and two long auxiliary setae
and with one or two trilocular pores, surrounded by a small oval area of sclerotization.
Dorsal setae not numerous, of various sizes but all rather stout and blunt. The
longer setae tend to be more numerous on the posterior abdominal segments.
Dorsal multilocular disc pores absent. Tubular ducts of two sizes, the largest with
an oral rim and with the duct of a large diameter. There is also another rim
encircling the middle of the tube. These ducts are not numerous and occupy

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 7

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8 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

single transverse rows. The smaller type of duct is rather slender but has a wide
flat oral rim which is not heavily sclerotized. They lie in transverse rows on the
abdomen but become scattered on the thorax and head. Trilocular pores sparse.

Ventral surface with a curved area of sclerotization on the anal lobes which is
continuous with the dorsal sclerotization. Apical setae slightly longer than anal
ring setae. Ventral setae of various sizes but more slender than those on the dorsum,
not numerous. Multilocular disc pores present mainly on the abdomen where they
are situated in single transverse rows on the anterior and posterior edges of the
segments. A few pores are located on the thorax. Tubular ducts similar to the
small type on the dorsal surface, are present in no definite arrangement but they
tend to occupy transverse rows on the abdomen. A few are present on the thorax
especially around the margins. Trilocular pores not numerous.

Notes. This species was made the type of the genus Octococcus Hall on the basis
of the anal ring with eight setae. An examination of a number of specimens has
shown that the two posterior setae are detached from the ring and are the cisanal
setae which often lie on the dorsal surface when the ring is located even a short
distance from the apex of the body. Hall has stated that the claw is without a
denticle but in all the specimens seen there is a small but distinct denticle at the
distal end. This is quite a distinctive species and there is no doubt that the genus
is valid although another species Puto africanus Brain which Hall assigned to it does
not seem to be congeneric.

Paracoccus proteae (Hall) (comb. nov.)
(Text-fig. 3)
Pseudococcus proteae Hall, 1937, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86 : 128.

Hasit. Described originally from Inyazura, Southern Rhodesia on Protea sp.
Hall gave the following account of the species in life: ‘‘ A small ovate species in
which the brownish colour is obscured by a coating of white pulverulent matter.
Four short and stout caudal filaments ; these are about 1/3 of the length of the body
of the insect. A few successively shorter marginal filaments occur on the abdominal
segments, but these are poorly developed in some individuals. Ovisac of indeter-
minate shape. Eggs very pale brown almost yellow.”

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female ovate, a rather small species measuring
approximately 2-5 mm. X 15mm. Antennae 8-segmented. Legs long and slender
for the size of the insect. Dorsal ostioles well developed, the lips with a few setae
and trilocular pores and the inner edges moderately sclerotized. Circulus absent.
Anal ring with six setae, these longer than the diameter of the ring and longer than
the cisanal setae. Dorsal surface with a reduced number of cerarii there being
seven to nine pairs present. Each cerarius consists of two setae surrounded by a
few trilocular pores and without auxiliary setae, the cerarian setae becoming more
slender anteriorly so that the anteriormost resemble the other setae on the dorsum.
Dorsal setae not numerous but all short and slender. Multilocular disc pores absent.
Tubular ducts present of the oral rim type only, these arranged singly near the

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 9

FiG. 3

10 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

margins of each segment except the last. The penultimate segment has usually
a group of two or three. A single oral rim duct is usually situated in the mid-region
of the fifth to eighth abdominal segments. Trilocular pores not numerous, evenly
distributed.

Ventral surface with a small lightly sclerotized anal bar with a short bar seta.
Apical setae detached from the bar. Ventral setae not numerous, of similar shape and
size to those on the dorsum but on the abdomen and between the antennal bases
there are longer setae present. Multilocular disc pores on the abdomen only,
arranged in more or less single transverse rows at the posterior edges of the fourth
and posterior segments. Ventral tubular ducts of two types. Some of the oral
rims ducts similar to those on the dorsum are situated mainly in a submarginal
zone on the thorax, there being usually a noticeable group lateral to the first spiracles.
Smaller tubular ducts of the oral collar type are distributed on the prevulvar
abdominal segments in transverse rows and also in marginal groups on all the
abdominal segments. They are very sparse on the thorax and absent on the head.
Trilocular pores not numerous, evenly distributed.

Notes. This species seems to be referable to the genus Paracoccus Ezzatt &
McConnell and belongs to the group with seven definite pairs of cerarii. It comes close
to P. solant Ezzatt & McConnell described from Arizona both species lacking a
circulus, but differs in possessing fewer dorsal oral rim ducts on the head and thorax.

Pseudococcus barleriae Hall
(Text-fig. 4)
Pseudococcus barleriae Hall, 1939, J. ent. Soc. S. Afr. 2: 96.

Hasit. Described from Pretoria, South Africa on Barleria macrostegia (Acan-
thaceae), in the curled leaves at the end of twigs. Hall gives the following description
of the habit : ‘‘ Adult female small and rarely exceeding 1-5 mm. in length, oval in
shape, pale brown in colour and sparsely coated with white pulverulent matter.
No marginal or caudal filaments apparent. Eggs yellow and in some individuals they
were observed to emerge joined together like a string of sausages.”

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of mounted female oval and measuring
approximately 1-5 mm. long. Antennae 7-segmented. Legs normal except the
hind coxae which are noticeably large in comparison to the other coxae, the junction
of the coxae to the derm being rather indistinct ; each hind coxa and tibia with a num-
ber of translucent pores. Circulus absent. Ostioles represented by a poorly
developed posterior pair only, with a few trilocular pores on each lip and apparently
without setae. Hall has stated in his original description that the anterior pair is
also present but this has not been seen in any of the specimens examined. Length
of anal ring setae about one and a half times the diameter of the ring. Cerarii
confined to the anal lobes although there is often a single cerarian seta on the pen-
ultimate segment. Anal lobe cerarius composed of two medium sized setae and a few
trilocular pores; one or two auxiliary setae are also present. Dorsal setae not
numerous, all short and slender. Multilocular disc pores arranged in single trans-

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) II

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ENTOM. 7. 1. 1§§

12 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

verse rows at the posterior edges of the thoracic and abdominal segments. Dorsal
tubular ducts, small and confined to the margins in small groups. Trilocular pores
sparse following the pattern of the dorsal setae.

Ventral surface with a pair of apical setae, these nearly twice as long as the anal
ring setae. Ventral setae rather sparse, short and slender but they tend to be longer
than the dorsal setae. Multilocular disc pores scattered on the head and thorax
where they are not numerous. On the anterior abdominal segments they are also
scattered but posteriorly they lie in transverse rows on the anterior and posterior
edges of the segments; there are about twenty-five pores posterior to the vulva.
Tubular ducts, similar to those on the dorsum, are present in transverse rows on the
three prevulvar segments and apart from a few scattered ducts they are mainly
arranged in submarginal groups on the thorax and abdomen. Trilocular pores
sparse but evenly distributed.

Notes. The distinctive features of this species are the 7-segmented antennae,
the reduced number of cerarii, the distribution of the multilocular disc pores on both
the dorsal and ventral surfaces and the rather large hind coxae. It does not belong
to the genus Pseudococcus as now defined but it is retained in this genus for the time
being until further study has been made of the African species.

Pseudococcus mazoeensis Hall
(Text-fig. 5)
Pseudococcus mazoeensis Hall, 1937, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86 : 127.

Hapsit. This species was described from Mazoe, Southern Rhodesia, on Acacia
sp. (Leguminosae) and Zizyphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae). The habit is given by
Hall as follows: ‘‘ Adult female, globose, usually brown in colour but some indi-
viduals show a tinge of pink. It has a somewhat dense covering of white pulverulent
matter which in old specimens has often been worn off to some extent. Marginal
filaments confined to the abdominal region; they are short and stout increasing
in size towards the caudal extremity but even the caudal pair are short. Adult
female viviparous.”

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female broadly oval, the older specimens
attaining a length of 3 mm. Antennae 8-segmented. Legs rather short and stout
with a few translucent pores on the hind coxae and tibiae. Circulus present, well
developed. Ostioles large with the inner edges of the lips sclerotized and each lip
with about three to six setae and a few trilocular pores. Anal ring with six setae,
these about twice as long as the diameter of the ring. Cerarii confined to the last
six abdominal segments, although there are sometimes seven present. Anal lobe
cerarii usually composed of three conical setae surrounded by a number of trilocular
pores. Penultimate cerarii each with about nine conical setae which vary in size.
The cerarii of the seventh abdominal segment are similar to the penultimate but
anteriorly they become smaller so that the anteriormost cerarii each have about five
setae or less and a small number of trilocular pores. Dorsal surface beset with
small slender setae. The only dorsal pores present are trilocular which are somewhat
abundant, and also a few small circular disc pores.

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 13

Fie. 5

14 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

Ventral surface with a faintly sclerotized anal lobe bar and a slender bar seta.
The apical seta is detached from the bar and is about twice the length of the anal
ring setae. There is apparently a pair of cisanal setae present which are nearly as
long as the anal ring setae and also a shorter pair of obanal setae. Ventral setae
rather numerous, of various sizes, mainly short and slender but they are generally
longer than those on the dorsum. Multilocular disc pores on all segments posterior
to the circulus. On the fifth and sixth segments they form single transverse rows
but on the seventh and eighth segments they lie in double transverse rows and do
not extend to the margins. Ventral tubular ducts of the oral collar type situated
in transverse rows and lateral groups on the three prevulvar segments. On the
fifth segment they form small lateral groups only and a few are present around the
anal lobes. Trilocular pores evenly distributed, not so numerous as on dorsal
surface. Small circular disc pores scattered.

Notes. This species does not belong to the genus Pseudococcus as now understood
and bears characters which link it with the genus Cataenococcus as recently described
by Ferris (1955) and especially to C. phoradendnri (Cockerell). It differs from all the
known species of Cataenococcus, however, in having the anal ring located at the
apex of the body instead of being set at about its own length from the apex of the
body.

Pseudococcus rhodesiensis Hall
(Text-fig. 6)
Pseudococcus rhodesiensis Hall, 1937, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86 : 130.

Hasit. This species was described from South Marendellas, Southern Rhodesia
on grass roots. Hall gave the following description of the habit: ‘‘ Adult female
ovate to elongate oval and pale to bright yellow in colour. The segmentation is
distinct and the dermis is sparsely dusted with a little white pulverulent matter.
No marginal or caudal filaments apparent. Later the female becomes enclosed in a
cell of white fibres of indeterminate shape, the inside of which is comparatively
smooth and matted.”

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female as mounted on the slide, elongate-oval
measuring approximately 3-5 mm. long, the posterior end of the body rounded.
Antennae very short with either six, seven or eight segments. Legs small in com-
parison to the size of the body, claws without a denticle. Circulus absent. Anterior
and posterior ostioles absent. Anal ring with six setae, their lengths being nearly
twice as long as the diameter of the ring. Outer ring of anal ring pores rather
numerous, giving the ring a wide appearance. Spiracles with wide apodemal
plates but without a crescentic band of pores on the spiracular opening. Cerarii
represented by a single pair on the anal lobes each usually composed of a single
short conical seta surrounded by a few long stout auxiliary setae but without
trilocular pores. Dorsal setae not numerous of various lengths but all slender and
not lanceolate. Apart from the group of long auxiliary setae surrounding each
anal lobe cerarius there is another group on the margin of the penultimate segment.
A few other long marginal setae are present on some of the other abdominal segments.

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

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16 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

Dorsal multilocular disc pores in groups of up to twelve; numerous across the
abdominal segments but present on the thorax mainly on the margins. Each
group of pores surrounds a small slender tubular duct but there is often more than
one duct present probably because the groups are merged. Single pores are often
scattered between the groups. On the last three segments there is a variable
number of sieve-like disc pores. These are usually larger than the multilocular
disc pores and the shape varies from circular to oval. Trilocular pores about the
same size as the multilocular disc pores, always round ; usually distributed along the
anterior and posterior margins of the abdominal segments. They are sparser on
the thorax and head. Small circular disc pores scattered.

Ventral surface with a few long setae on the margins of the abdominal segments.
Other setae short and slender, not numerous. Multilocular disc pores in similar
groups to those on the dorsal surface ; numerous in transverse rows on the abdomen
and around the margins. Sieve-like disc pores present on the three posterior
segments. Trilocular pores more numerous than on the dorsum there being notice-
able concentrations around the spiracular openings. Small circular disc pores
present in no definite arrangement.

Notes. The groups of multilocular disc pores each surrounding a slender tubular
duct would suggest a relationship with the genus Peliococcus Borkhsenius.
Nevertheless this genus belongs to the Phenacoccus series with 9-segmented
antennae, with a denticle on the claw and with ventral quinquelocular pores. As
rhodestensis has none of these characters and as it possesses sieve-like disc pores
on the abdomen and spiracles with rather wide apodemal plates it may be that it
has some relationship, however remote, to the grass feeding genera centred around
Antonina Signoret and Antoninoides Ferris. It is significant that Antoninoides
parrotti (Cockerell) has extremely small antennae and legs similar to those of
rhodesiensis.

Trionymus inyazurae Hall
(Text-fig. 7)
Trionymus inyazuvae Hall, 1937, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86 : 131.

Hasit. Originally described from Inyazura, Southern Rhodesia on grass just
underground at the base of the aerial shoots. Hall notes the external appearance
as follows: ‘‘ Adult female ovate, pale brown to maroon, but the colour is somewhat
obscured by a very fine and uniform film of white pulverulent matter. Segmentation
distinct. There are no marginal filaments, and in the absence of these the four
very short caudal filaments are readily seen. Ovisac of indeterminate form but
composed of fibres that are capable of being drawn out to a considerable length.

Eggs pale brown. Young adult females are relatively elongate filling out and
becoming more ovate later.”

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female in prepared specimens, ovate and
measuring approximately 2-5 mm. long. Posterior edge of body rounded. Antennae
8-segmented. Legs normal, rather slender with a few translucent pores on hind
coxae. Circulus absent. Anterior and posterior ostioles moderately developed,

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 17

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18 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

the lips with a few trilocular pores but apparently without setae. Anal ring with
six setae, the lengths of which are nearly twice the diameter of the ring. Cerarii
confined to the anal lobes only, each consisting of two small conical setae surrounded
by a small cluster of trilocular pores and three or four short, slender, auxiliary setae
surrounded by a lightly sclerotized area. Dorsal setae evenly distributed, not
numerous and all short and slender. Multilocular disc pores present on the dorsum,
these rather scattered on the head and thorax but on the abdomen they are distri-
buted in transverse rows at the anterior and posterior edges of the segments; they
are absent on the last segment. Tubular ducts distributed over entire dorsum, of
three sizes all of the oral collar type. A large type, few in number, is distributed
mainly on the anterior head region and singly on the margins ; other single ducts
are present on the dorsum but these are not constant in number or position. An
intermediate size present over entire dorsum, rather numerous and arranged more or
less in transverse rows across the segments. Small tubular ducts on the last four
segments only, these in transverse rows at the posterior edges of the segments except
the last where there is a small marginal group, the latter being the only ducts on
the last segment. Trilocular pores not numerous but evenly distributed.

Ventral surface with a pair of apical setae which are stouter and longer than the
anal ring setae. Ventral setae similar to those on dorsum. Multilocular disc
pores rather numerous on the abdomen at the anterior and posterior edges of the
segments, becoming less numerous anteriorly on the thorax. They are sparse on the
head. Tubular ducts of the same three sizes as those on the dorsum. An occasional
duct of the large type is present on the margins and on the anterior head region.
The intermediate size duct is the most numerous, these scattered on the thorax,
but on the abdomen they lie in transverse rows and lateral groups. Numerous
small tubular ducts confined to the last three segments. Trilocular pores sparse.

Notes. This species does not seem to be a typical Trionymus but it bears a close
similarity to T. magnus (Cockerell & Cockerell) known only from North West
Mexico and recently redescribed by Ferris (1953). The latter species has been
placed in Trionymus but it differs from imyazurae mainly in having a small circulus
and 7-segmented antennae instead of 8-segmented antennae. It is significant that
inyazurae is a grass-feeding species, as are most species of Trionymus.

Trionymus pterocauloni Hall = Trionymus sanguineus James (SYN. NOV.)
Trionymus pterocauloni Hall, 1937, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86 : 133.

This species was described by Hall from Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia on
Pterocaulon decurrens and Trifolium sp. It is identical, however, with Tvionymus
sanguineus described by James (1936) to which the name Trionymus pterocaulon
Hall is here sunk asasynonym. De Lotto (1957) has already si peat te sanguineus
and given an illustration.

THE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY F. LAING

Seven species have been described from the Ethiopian Region by Laing at one
time or another. Two names have been sunk as synonyms already and a further

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 19

name is synonymized herein. Ezzatt & McConnell (1956) have redescribed and
illustrated Planococcoides njalensis. In the accompanying pages, illustrations and
descriptions are given of AHeliococcus phaseolt, Pseudococcus hargreavest and
Pseudococcus ugandae.

Heliococcus phaseoli (Laing)
(Text-fig. 8)

Phenacoccus phaseoli Laing, 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 4: 475.
Heliococcus phaseolt (Laing), Goux, 1934, Bull. soc. ent. Fr. 39: 171.

Hasit. This species was described from Hill Station, Sierra Leone on dwarf
beans. Laing was unable to give any description of the external appearance as the
specimens were preserved in alcohol.

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female ovate measuring approximately 3:5
mm. long. Anal lobes moderately sclerotized on the dorsal surface. Antennae
g-segmented. Legs stout and long, with a denticle on the claw. Circulus rather
large and wide. Ostioles moderately developed, each lip with about two setae and
a few trilocular pores. Anal ring with six setae, these being slightly longer than
the diameter of the ring. Cerarii numbering thirteen pairs and borne at the apices
of small membranous tubercles. There is a cerarius on the margin of each abdominal
segment and the remaining cerarii are situated evenly on the margins of the thorax and
head. Each cerarius composed of a pair of lanceolate setae surrounded by a few
trilocular pores. Dorsal surface with minute lanceolate setae which are quite
sparse. Dorsal multilocular disc pores numerous, in definite transverse rows on all
abdominal segments except the last, on the three thoracic segments and one row
on the head. Crateriform ducts present in transverse rows, these being of three
sizes. There are two pairs of large crateriform ducts on the anal lobes, each duct
having three or four setae around the base of the duct prominence. Intermediate
sized crateriform ducts are situated mainly in groups of two or three around the
margins and an occasional duct is present in the mid-region. These ducts have
three, or occasionally four, setae around the base of the duct prominence. Small
crateriform ducts each with a single seta at the base of the duct prominence are
present in single transverse rows on the abdomen whilst on the head and thorax
they form irregular rows. A few small tubular ducts of the oral collar type are
present in marginal groups on the seventh and eighth segments. Trilocular pores
not numerous, evenly distributed.

Ventral surface with a pair of long apical setae accompanied by two shorter setae.
In some specimens there is a small area of faint sclerotization near each apical seta
but this is indistinct. Ventral setae of various sizes, there being some long setae
especially in the mid-region interspersed with shorter setae. Minute lanceolate
setae similar to those on the dorsum are located around the margins. Maultilocular
disc pores numerous. On the abdominal segments they occupy dense transverse
rows at the anterior and posterior edges of the segments and on the head and thorax
they form irregular rows. Quinquelocular pores sparse, there being a few between
the transverse rows of multilocular disc pores on the abdomen and groups between

HOMOPTERA)

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the coxae. Small crateriform ducts similar to the small type on the dorsal surface
are distributed around the margins but they are not numerous. There are noticeable
groups posterior to each spiracle. Small oral collar tubular ducts in transverse rows
between the rows of multilocular disc pores on the abdomen. They are fairly
numerous on the posterior segments but become fewer anteriorly ; a few are present
between the coxae. Trilocular pores sparse.

Notes. Goux (1934) included this species in the genus Heliococcus Sulc on the
basis of the crateriform pores. It seems to belong to this genus although the type
species has eighteen pairs of cerarii whilst phaseolt has only thirteen pairs.
Borkhsenius (1949), however, has described a number of species with two to
eighteen pairs of cerarii and it seems that the number can be variable.

Paraputo ritchiei Laing = Paraputo anomala (Newstead)

Paraputo ritchiei Laing, 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 4: 473.

In an earlier paper of this series (Williams, 1958) it has been established that
this species is identical with Paraputo anomala (Newstead) to which the name
ritchiet was sunk as a synonym.

Planococcoides njalensis (Laing)

Pseudococcus njalensis Laing, 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 4: 472.

Pseudococcus exitiabilis Laing, 1944, Bull. ent. Res. 35: 91.

Pseudococcus njalensis Laing, Hall, 1945, Bull. ent. Res. 36 : 305.

Planococcoides njalensis (Laing), Ezzatt & McConnell, 1956, Univ. Maryland Agric. Exp. Sta.
Bull, A—84 : 55.

Laing described njalensis in 1929 from Sierra Leone and in 1944 described
exitiabilis from Gold Coast. It has been shown by Hall (1945) that the latter name
is a synonym of mjalensis and that the species is extremely variable. Great interest
has been shown in this species in recent years as it is a vector of the “‘ Swollen
Shoot ”’ virus disease of cacao. It is probably widespread throughout West Africa
and the reader is referred to the paper by Hall who discussed its distribution and
host records. Ezzatt & McConnell (1956) have recently made it the type species
of the genus Planococcoides and have given an excellent illustration.

Pseudococcus bukobensis Laing = Pseudococcus hargreavesi Laing

An examination of type material of Pseudococcus bukobensis Laing described in
1929 has shown that it is identical with Pseudococcus hargreavesi Laing described in
1925 and the synonymy is given in the discussion of the latter species.

Pseudococcus exitiabilis Laing = Pseudococcus njalensis (Laing)

As previously stated this species has been shown by Hall (1945) to be the same as
njalensis and it is listed here purely for reference.

22 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

Pseudococcus hargreavesi Laing
(Text-fig. 9)

Pseudococcus hargreavesi Laing, 1925, Bull. ent. Res. 16: 52.
Pseudococcus bukobensis Laing, 1929, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 4: 471 (SYN. NOV.).

Hasit. Described originally from Kampala, Uganda on Bauhinia sp. and again
under P. bukobensis from Bukoba, Tanganyika Territory on coffee. In neither case
is there any description of the insect in life due to the specimens having been preserved
in alcohol.

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Body of adult female oval, attaining a length of 4
mm. Antennae 8-segmented. Legs long and slender without a denticle on the
claw, hind coxae and tibiae with a few translucent pores. Circulus present.
Ostioles moderately developed, with the inner edges of the lips slightly sclerotized
and with two or three setae and a few trilocular pores on each lip. Anal ring with
six setae which are nearly twice as long as the diameter of the ring. Spiracles with
a rather short, broad, apodemal plate. Cerarii numbering eighteen pairs. Anal
lobe cerarii each with about seven conical setae of various sizes, with a few trilocular
pores and one or two auxiliary setae surrounded by a characteristic sclerotized area.
Penultimate cerarii similar to anal lobe cerarii each surrounded by a smaller area of
sclerotization. The anterior cerarii are each composed of a few conical setae,
there being rarely less than four setae and sometimes as many as seven but their
numbers vary in different specimens. Dorsal surface with minute lanceolate setae
which are not numerous. Trilocular pores accompany these setae in definite areas
only there being thus some areas devoid of pores and setae as illustrated. A few
tubular ducts of the oral collar type are usually scattered on the thorax.

Ventral surface of anal lobes each with a small sclerotized anal bar and a long
slender bar seta. The apical seta is detached from the bar and is stouter and longer
than the anal ring setae. Ventral setae not lanceolate, mainly long and slender but
not numerous. Multilocular disc pores present on all segments posterior to the
circulus, situated in the mid-region in transverse rows. On the fifth and sixth
segments they form single rows at the posterior edges and on the seventh and eighth
segments they form double rows. There are a few pores on the anterior edge of the
seventh segment and a more or less double row on the anterior edge of the eighth
segment. They are numerous between the anal lobes. Tubular ducts in transverse
rows on the fourth to eighth abdominal segments and in marginal groups from the
thorax to the anal lobes. Trilocular pores sparse.

NoTEs. an examination of type material of Pseudococcus bukobensis Laing has
shown that it is the same as P. hargreavesi Laing and the former name is here
sunk asasynonym. This is a distinctive species which seems to belong to the tribe
Planococcini as defined by Ezzatt & McConnell (1956). The dorsal setae are typically
lanceolate resembling those of the Phenacoccus series, nevertheless the antennae are
8-segmented and there is no denticle on the claw.

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE

Fic. 9

HOMOPTERA)

24 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

Pseudococcus ugandae Laing
(Text-fig. 10)
Pseudococcus ugandae Laing, 1925, Bull. ent. Res. 16: 53.

Hapsit. Described from Kakumiro, Uganda on Grevillea robusta. Laing has
given no indication of the external covering, presumably because his type material
had been preserved in alcohol.

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female broadly oval, attaining a length of
3-5 mm. Anal lobes rather small, the dorsal surface sclerotized. Antennae 9-
segmented. Legs slender, claw without a denticle. Circulus moderately developed.
Ostioles present, the inner edges of the lips slightly sclerotized and the lips with a
few trilocular pores and rarely with setae. Anal ring with six setae which are about
twice as long as the diameter of the ring. Cerarii on the five posterior segments
only. Anal lobe cerarii each with a pair of conical setae surrounded by a few tri-
locular pores and two auxiliary setae. Anterior cerarii similar to those on anal
lobes, with a few trilocular pores, but the two anteriormost cerarii are each usually
composed of one seta which is smaller than the other cerarian setae. Dorsal surface
with slender setae of moderate length but not numerous. Dorsal multilocular
disc pores absent. Tubular ducts of three sizes. Large tubular ducts present, of
the oral rim type, distributed mainly in marginal groups of two or three or even
five on the posterior segments, there being also a few on the mid-region of the thorax.
These large ducts are often in pairs and are thus easily noticeable. An intermediate
size tubular duct with an oral rim is distributed sparsely over the dorsum mainly
in irregular transverse rows. Small tubular ducts of the oral collar type are present
among the intermediate type but they are not numerous. Trilocular pores sparse,
evenly distributed.

Ventral surface with a pair of long stout apical setae which are longer than the
anal ring setae. There is a wide sclerotized anal bar continuous with the dorsal
sclerotization of each anal lobe, bearing a pair of long setae. Other ventral setae
of moderate length and similar to those on the dorsum. Multilocular disc pores on
all segments posterior to the circulus. On the fifth segment they occupy a double
transverse row on the posterior edge. Posteriorly they are numerous in transverse
rows at the anterior and posterior edges of the segments. Small tubular ducts each
with an oral collar, not numerous, distributed mainly in irregular transverse rows
between the multilocular disc pores on the abdomen ; anteriorly they are scattered.
Trilocular pores sparse.

Notes. This species does not belong to the genus Pseudococcus as now understood.
It seems to have close affinities to Phenacoccus hirsutus Green in possessing 9-
segmented antennae, only five pairs of cerarii and with numerous oral rim ducts.
In hirsutus there are large oral rim ducts on the ventral surface which are absent in
ugandae. Laing has stated in his original description that the antennae are 8-
segmented and that there is an obscure division across the eighth segment suggesting
a tendency to a g-segmented form. In all the specimens seen the antennae are
distinctly 9-segmented.

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 25

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26 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

THE SPECIES DESCRIBED BY A. H. STRICKLAND

Strickland collected some important scale insects in the Gold Coast during a
period of research into the vectors of the virus causing ‘‘ Swollen Shoot ” disease of
cacao. In two papers, Strickland (1947, 1947a) described seven new mealy-bugs,
mainly from cacao. These are very interesting and give some indication of what
might be expected after further intensive collecting in West Africa. Two of these
species have been adequately redescribed and illustrated recently by other workers.
The remaining five species are redescribed in the following pages.

Cataenococcus loranthi (Strickland)

Farinococcus loranthi Strickland, 1947, Bull. ent. Res. 38 : 515.
Catenococcus loranthi (Strickland), Balachowsky, 1954, Rev. Path vég. 33 : 247 (mis-spelling).

Strickland described this species in the genus Farinococcus from Tafo, Gold Coast,
‘on Loranthus bangwensis attended by an undetermined ant of the genus Cremato-
gaster. Ferris (1955) erected the genus Cataenococcus with Dactylopius olivaceus
Cockerell as type, mainly on the basis of the 8-segmented antennae and the anal
ring with six to ten setae. Balachowsky (1954) has placed lorantdi in the genus
Cataenococcus and given an excellent illustration from specimens collected in French
Guinea on Rhizophora racemosa.

Delococcus tafoensis (Strickland)

Formicococcus tafoensis Strickland, 1947, Bull. ent. Res. 38 : 513.
Delococcus tafoensis (Strickland), Ferris, 1955, Microentomology, 20: 5.

Originally described from Tafo, Eastern Province, Gold Coast on Theobroma
cacao. It has been made the type of the genus Delococcus by Ferris (1955) on the
basis of the 6-segmented antennae and the numerous setae on the anal ring. Ferris
has also illustrated this species.

Planococcus celtis (Strickland) (comb. nov.)
(Text-fig. 11)
Pseudococcus celtis Strickland, 1947, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 16: 154.

Hapsit. Described originally from Tafo, Eastern Province, Gold Coast, on
Celtis sp. (Urticaceae). The habit has been described by Strickland as follows:
“Oval to sub-circular in shape, completely covered dorsally and ventrally with
white wax, thinner along the intersegmental membranes, and ventrally, especially
around the beak and coxae. With seventeen or eighteen pairs of stout lateral wax
filaments, the anal pair being slightly longer than the abdominal pairs, and these
longer than those anteriorly placed. No dorsal median wax-free stripe. Body
colour when wax removed, a dull lemon yellow.”’

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. A broadly oval species measuring approximately
2 mm. long on the slide. Antennae 8-segmented. Legs short and stout, the hind
legs with some translucent pores on the coxa and tibia. Circulus present, normal for

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 27

Fic. Ir

28 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE ;: HOMOPTERA)

the genus. Ostioles well developed with the inner edges of the lips sclerotized and
with about seven setae and a few trilocular pores on each lip. Anal ring with six
setae which are only slightly longer than the diameter of the ring but they are longer
than the cisanal setae. Dorsal surface of anal lobes moderately sclerotized. Cerarii
numbering eighteen pairs. Each cerarius composed of a pair of stout conical setae
which are pointed or flagellate distally, surrounded by a group of trilocular pores
and often one or two slender auxiliary setae. The third cerarius usually has one
or two extra conical setae which are smaller than the main pair. Dorsal tubular
ducts and multilocular disc pores absent. Trilocular pores with an even distribution ;
there are often one or two trilocular pores at the bases of some of the setae on the
thorax but these are not to be confused with dorsal cerarii.

Ventral surface with a pair of long apical setae which are over twice as long as the
anal ring setae. Anal lobe bar reaching to the apical seta, with the bar seta as
long as an anal ring seta. Ventral setae not numerous but generally longer than
those on the dorsum. Multilocular disc pores confined to the abdominal segments
posterior to the circulus, in single transverse rows except on the first prevulvar
segment where they are ina doublerow. They are situated mainly in the mid-region
of the segments but often reach to the margins. Approximate numbers of pores on
each segment as follows: V 8, VI 22, VII 22, VIII 28, IX 20. Tubular ducts of
the oral collar type mainly present in submarginal groups on the seventh and
eighth segments. There is also an occasional duct in the mid-regions of these
segments. Trilocular pores sparse.

Notes. This species seems to be intermediate between two species described by
De Lotto from Kenya as P. rotundatus and P. subukiaensis. It is related to the
former species by the cerarii possessing auxiliary setae but differs in possessing more
multilocular disc pores. The arrangement of the multilocular disc pores is similar
to that of swbukiaensis but the latter has no auxiliary setae with the cerarii.

Rhizoecus spelaea (Strickland) (comb. nov.)
(Text-fig. 12)
Coccidella spelaea Strickland, 1947, Bull. ent. Res. 38 : 502.

HasitT. Originally described from Tafo, Gold Coast on the roots of Theobroma
cacao. Strickland gives the following description of the external appearance :
“ Covered with a thin layer of finely particulate white wax, thinner along the inter-
segmental membranes and around the beak and coxae. With one pair of short,
stout, wax filaments on the last abdominal segment.”

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. An oval species, widest on the thorax and with the
abdomen tapering gradually. Length as mounted on the slide approximately 2 mm.
Antennae 6-segmented, strongly geniculate, there being four stout, curved, blunt
setae on the two apical segments. Legs with long slender claws and with the claw
digitules reduced to small slender setae. Circuli three in number being rather large
for the genus, each having a reticulated surface. The anterior circulus lying between
the hind coxae and the other two circuli on the two posterior segments ; the middle

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 29

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30 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

circulus being the largest and the posterior circulus the smallest. Dorsal ostioles
poorly developed with sclerotized lips but without setae or trilocular pores. Anal
ring wide with irregular oval pores, setae about twice as long as the diameter of the
ring. Eyes and cephalic plate apparently absent. Anal lobes with faint sclero-
tization and each with two dorsal and one ventral setae, these quite long. Dorsal
surface with few setae, all short and slender. Dorsal multilocular disc pores absent.
Tubular ducts often situated on the margins of the anterior abdominal segments,
these rather small and their shape being somewhat difficult to determine. A few
tritubular pores are present on the head margin. Trilocular pores sparse.

Ventral surface with small slender setae which are quite sparse. Multilocular
disc pores absent. Tubular ducts similar to those on dorsum in transverse rows on
the abdomen where they are more numerous on the anterior segments. Tritubular
pores situated between the coxae, varying in number but there are usually about
six pairs present. Trilocular pores sparse.

Notes. This species was originally described in the genus Coccidella Hambleton
but is here placed in the genus Rhizoecus following the redefinition of this genus by
Ferris (1953). The species may be readily distinguished from the others in the
genus by the three prominent circuli and by the arrangement of the characteristic
tubular ducts.

Tylococcus boafoensis Strickland
(Text-fig. 13)
Tylococcus boafoensis Strickland, 1947, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 16: 151.

Hapit. This species was described from Tafo, Eastern Province, Gold Coast
on Musanga smithit (Moraceae). The description of the insect in life has been given
as follows: “‘ Elongate oval in shape, covered with white wax, thinner along the
intersegmental membranes and around the beak and coxae, without a dorsal wax-free
stripe. With eighteen pairs of lateral wax filaments, the anal pair longer than the
rest. Body colour, when wax removed, light yellow.”

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female oval measuring approximately 1-5
mm. long. Antennae 8-segmented. Legs long and slender without a denticle on
the claw, hind coxae and tibiae with a few translucent pores. Circulus present,
moderately developed. Anterior and posterior ostioles with the inner edges of the
lips sclerotized and each lip with one or two setae and a few trilocular pores. Anal
ring with six setae which are more than twice as long as the diameter of the ring.
Cerarii numbering eighteen pairs, each cerarius situated at the apex of a small
slightly sclerotized tubercle, except the anal lobe cerarii which are borne at the apices
of larger tubercles representing the anal lobes. Each anal lobe cerarius with two
stout, conical setae surrounded by a cluster of trilocular pores and usually with two
auxiliary setae. The anterior cerarii similar to the anal lobe cerarii often with an
auxiliary seta. Dorsal surface with a small number of slender setae many of which
are very noticeable by having one to four trilocular pores at their bases and thus
resembling dorsal cerarii. These setae are, however, much more slender than the
cerarian setae. Dorsal multilocular disc pores and tubular ducts absent. Trilocular
pores sparse.

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 31

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Fic. 13

32 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

Ventral surface with a small sclerotized anal lobe bar with a bar seta shorter than
the anal ring setae. The apical seta is detached from the anal lobe bar and is longer
than the anal ring setae. There appears to be a pair of cisanal and obanal setae
which are roughly of similar shape and size but are shorter than the anal ring setae.
Other ventral setae short and slender but they tend to be longer than those on the
dorsal surface. Ventral multilocular disc pores very few, confined to the last three
segments in single transverse rows, there being but four to six on each of the two
prevulvar segments and one to three on the last segment. Ventral tubular ducts
very sparse on the seventh and eighth segments only. They are situated lateral
to the multilocular disc pores and there are usually four or five on the seventh
segment and three or four on the eighth segment. Trilocular pores sparse.

NoTEs. This species is certainly not congeneric with the type of Tylococcus.
It seems to have a connection with the tribe Planococcini as defined by Ezzatt &
McConnell (1956) by having eighteen pairs of cerarii and with the sclerotized anal
lobe bars but differs from all species so far placed in that tribe by the cerarii being
situated at the apices of small sclerotized tubercles. Apart from these characters
the species is easily recognizable by the sparse microscopical characters such as
setae and pores.

Tylococcus malacanthae Strickland
(Text-fig. 14)
Tylococcus malacanthae Strickland, 1947, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 16: 149.

Hasit. Described from Tafo, Eastern Province, Gold Coast on Malacantha sp.
(Sapotaceae). Strickland gives the following description of the adult female in
life: ‘‘ Anterior segments lightly powdered with a fine, dusty, yellow wax, the
posterior segments nude of wax. With eighteen pairs of groups of thin, glossy,
yellow wax filaments laterally, each group consisting of two or three individual
filaments issuing from a cerarius. Body colour, when wax removed, ochreous
yellow.”

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. A broadly oval species, the largest measuring
approximately 2:5 mm. long x 1-5 mm. wide. Antennae 8-segmented. Legs
short and stout. Circulus large, dumb-bell shaped. Ostioles well developed, the
lips heavily sclerotized and bearing an occasional seta but apparently without
trilocular pores. Anal ring set at a distance of about one and a half times its diameter
from the apex of the body ; with six setae which are only slightly longer than the
diameter of the ring. The ring is surrounded by a sclerotized band containing a
few short setae and trilocular pores belonging to the ninth segment. Cerarii
numbering eighteen pairs, each borne at the apex of a sclerotized tubercle of variable
size. Anal lobe cerarius consisting of three prominent and slightly lanceolate
setae at the apex of a large tubercle representing the anal lobe. The anal lobe
tubercle is the largest and bears about three auxiliary setae and one or two trilocular
pores. The penultimate and antepenultimate cerarii each bear four cerarian setae
at the apex of a tubercle. Anteriorly the cerarii are each composed of two large
setae except the ocular cerarius which usually contains but one seta. The tubercles
become smaller anteriorly but the frontal cerarius is often large and lies on the ventral

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 33

Fic. 14

34 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

surface. Each tubercle bears from one to five extremely long setae and one or two
trilocular pores ; occasionally there is also a circular disc pore either on the dorsal
or ventral side. Dorsal setae not numerous, of various sizes, but all slender. Some
of these setae are very long and become flagellate distally ; on the anterior part of the
body they form groups as illustrated. Dorsal multilocular disc pores and tubular
ducts absent. Circular disc pores, larger than the trilocular pores are distributed
over the surface and they lie in definite groups on the anterior half of the body
associated with the groups of setae. Posteriorly there are a few in the mid-region
of each segment and a few laterally. Trilocular pores sparse, associated with the
groups of setae.

Ventral surface with a pair of long, apical setae. As the anal lobe tubercles are
heavily sclerotized it is possible that there is an anal lobe bar which is masked ;
an examination of young adult females would possibly show if this is correct.
Ventral setae of various sizes but all slender, not numerous. Multilocular disc
pores confined to the last three segments, there being eleven to seventeen on the
seventh segment, nine to thirteen on the eighth segment and five to eight between
the anal lobes. On the two prevulvar segments they occupy single transverse rows
and altogether there are scarcely more than thirty-five present. Circular disc
pores similar to those on the dorsum, sparsely scattered. There is usually one on
the margin of each abdominal segment and others in marginal groups anteriorly
and between the coxae. Ventral tubular ducts absent. Trilocular pores sparse.

Notes. Although this species has close affinities to the genus Tylococcus it is
not certain whether it is congeneric. It differs from T. madagascariensis Newstead,
the type of genus, in possessing numerous circular disc pores on the dorsal surface
and very long setae with flagellate ends. These characters are shared with T.
westwoodi Strickland, a discussion of which follows but the species differs from
westwoodi in possessing eighteen pairs of cerarii instead of eleven or twelve.

Tylococcus westwoodi Strickland
(Text-fig. 15)
Tylococcus westwoodi Strickland, 1947, Bull. ent. Res. 38 : 510.

Hasit. Described from Atikpale, Eastern Province, Gold Coast on Theobroma
cacao attended by an undetermined ant of the genus Crematogaster. Strickland
gave the following account of the adult female: ‘“‘ Body colour apparently dark
red, but material preserved two days in alcohol before examination, so no field
description is possible. Specimens with a few strands of a dark red wax still
adhering to the dorsum.”

RECOGNITION CHARACTERS. Adult female broadly oval measuring approximately
I'5mm.long. Antennae 8-segmented. Legs short and stout with a few translucent
pores on the hind coxa and tibia. Circulus present. Ostioles well developed,
with the inner edges of the lips heavily sclerotized and each lip with two or three
long setae and three or four trilocular pores. Anal ring lying about one and a half
times its diameter from the apex of the abdomen, with six setae which are only a
little longer than the diameter of the ring. Cerarii numbering eleven or twelve pairs.

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 35

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36 THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA)

Anal lobe cerarii each composed of two stout conical setae which are blunt at the
apices, surrounded by about three trilocular pores and two long, stout, auxiliary
setae. The anal lobes form prominent sclerotized tubercles. Anteriorly there is a
pair of cerarii to each abdominal segment and the other cerarii are located on the
thorax and head. Most of these cerarii are composed of two conical setae often
of unequal size but some of the anterior cerarii may have only one seta. The
posterior cerarii are borne at the apices of poorly developed tubercles and the anterior
cerarii are each surrounded by a circular sclerotized area bearing an occasional
trilocular pore and one or two auxiliary setae, these often extremely long. Dorsal
setae of various lengths, mainly slender. Many of these setae are extremely long
with the distal end flagellate, present on the margins and irregularly over the surface
especially on the head and thorax. Dorsal multilocular disc pores and tubular
ducts absent. Circular disc pores numerous in mid-regional groups on each segment.
They become scattered laterally. Trilocular pores sparse.

Ventral surface with the anal lobes sclerotized on the margins and with a small
sclerotized anal lobe bar and a bar seta which is of similar length to the anal ring
setae. Apical seta detached from the anal bar, nearly twice as long as anal ring
setae. Ventral setae of various sizes mainly short and slender but there are a few
long setae around the margins similar to those on the dorsal surface. Multilocular
disc pores confined to the four posterior segments. On the sixth segment there are
usually one or two, on the seventh and eighth segments there are single transverse
rows of about six pores and on the last segment there are one or two pores.
Altogether there are scarcely more than twenty pores present. Tubular ducts
distributed mainly in marginal groups on the fourth to eighth abdominal segments
but others may be present on the mid-region of the abdominal segments. Circular
disc pores not so numerous as on dorsum ; they are rather scattered and do not form
definite groups. Trilocular pores not numerous.

Notes. All the species seen appear to be young adults and it may be that the
marginal tubercles bearing the cerarii at the apices become more developed in the
older specimens. This species seems to be congeneric with TJ. malacanthae
Strickland, already discussed, in possessing numerous dorsal circular disc pores and
extremely long setae with the distal ends flagellate.

REFERENCES

Bavacuowsky, A. S. 1954. Sur l’Indigénat et le Statut de Catenococcus lovanthi Strickl.
(Coccoidea : Pseudococcini) en Afrique Occidentale. Rev. Path. vég. 33: 247.

BorKHSENIUS, N. S. 1949. Fauna of the U.S.S.R. Homoptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae.
Biological Institute of the U.S.S.R., New Series, No. 38.

De Lotto, G. L. 1957. The Pseudococcidae (Hom. : Coccoidea) described by H. C. James
from East Africa. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 5 : 185-232.

Ezzatt, Y. M. & McConne.i, H. S. 1956. The Mealybug Tribe Planococcini (Pseudo-
coccidae, Homoptera). Univ. Maryland Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. A—84.

Ferris, G. F. 1950. Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 5. Stanford University,
California.

1953. Jbid.6. Stanford University, California.
1955. On some genera of the Pseudococcidae. Microentomology, 20: 1-6.
—— 1955a. Atlas of Scale Insects of North America, 7. Stanford University, California.

THE MEALY-BUGS (PSEUDOCOCCIDAE : HOMOPTERA) 37

Goux, L. 1934. Notes sur les Coccides (Hem.) de la France. (9% note). Contribution 4
1 étude du genre Heliococcus avec description de deux espéces nouvelles. Bull. soc. ent.
Fr. 39 : 164-171.

Hatt, W. J. 1937. Observations on the Coccidae of Southern Rhodesia. Tvans. R. ent.
Soc. Lond. 86 : 119-134.

— 1941. On some new species and two new genera of Coccidae (Homoptera) from Southern
Rhodesia, J. ent. Soc. S. Afr. 4: 237.

—— 1945. The identity of a Mealybug vector of “‘ Swollen Shoot ”’ virus disease of cacao in
West Africa. Bull. ent. Res. 36 : 305-313.

James, H.C. 1936. New mealybugs from East Africa. Tvrans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 85 :197-216.

STRICKLAND, A. H. 1947. Coccids attacking Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), in West Africa,
with descriptions of five new species. Bull. ent. Res. 38 : 497-523.

1947a. Three new species of Coccoidea (Hemiptera : Homoptera) from the Gold Coast,

British West Africa. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 16: 149-156.

Wituiams, D. J. (1958). The mealy-bugs (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera) described by
W. M. Maskell, T. D. A. Cockerell, R. Newstead and E. E. Green from the Ethiopian Region.
Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 6 : 205-236.

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THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF
STIVALIUS,
A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

F. G. A. M. SMIT

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 2
LONDON: 1958

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THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS,
A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

F, G.. A. M, SMIT

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Pp. 39-76 ; 65 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 2
LONDON: 1958

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THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS,
A GENUS OF SIPHONAPTERA

By F. G. A. M. SMIT

THE seven species of the large genus Stivalius (Family Pygiopsyllidae) which were
hitherto known to occur in Africa! are redescribed and figured in the present paper,
while six new species of Stivalius from Africa are described and also the hitherto
unknown male of S. sellatus ; a key is provided for the identification of these thirteen
species.

The specimens examined are in the Rothschild and British Museum collection of
fleas at Tring, unless stated otherwise.

The thirteen African species of Stivalius belong to two groups which can be distin-
guished as follows :

(a) Genal margin below the eye divided into two partly overlapping small lobes (Text-
fig. 1); g—movable process of clasper without a dense group of thin setae on
inner side (Text-fig. 5) ; tendons of phallosome very short, not or hardly reaching
beyond the apex of the aedeagal apodeme (Text-fig. 16) ; dorsal margin of aedeagal
apodeme nearly straight, not deeply concave preapicaily (Text-fig. 16); 9Q—no
paired sclerotic structure alongside the bursa copulatrix (Text-fig. 25) ; dilated part
of ductus spermathecae slender, with a number of thick sclerotic internal rings,
giving this part of the duct a strong resemblance to a tape-worm (Text-fig. 25)? ;
bulga of spermatheca with a thin wall and internal striae (Text-fig. 25)

ferinus-group, p. 42

(6) Genal margin below the eye entire (Text-fig. 2) ; g—movable process of clasper with
a dense group of straight and thin setae on inner side and bordering the ventral
margin (Text-figs. 8-15) ; tendons of phallosome making at least half a convolution
(Text-fig. 17) and often much more (Text-fig. 18) ; apical half of dorsal margin of
aedeagal apodeme strongly concave (Text-figs. 17, 18); 9Q—bursa copulatrix in
most species with a dark sclerotic structure on each side (Text-figs. 26, 28-37) ;
the dilated part of the ductus spermathecae with a large number of very thin
internal rings (Text-figs. 26, 28-37) ; bulga of spermatheca with a thick wall and
without internal striae (Text-figs. 26, 28-37) . . : : torvus-group, Pp. 47

1 Jordan & Rothschild (1922, Ectoparasites, 1: 252, 254) recorded Stivalius ahalae and S. aporus
from Mfongosi, Zululand ; these two rat-parasites do not belong to the African fauna, but to that of
India and Burma. In all probability this record was due to some error, perhaps mislabelling.

? The ductus spermathecae is similarly ringed in females belonging to the following groups of
Stivalius : robinsoni-group (squirrel-parasites : S. robinsoni (Rothschild) (Malaya, Sumatra), S. javanus
Jordan (Java), S. yhaebus Jordan (Borneo) and S. lonchus Jordan (Borneo)) ; ahalae-group (rat-parasites :
S. ahalae (Rothschild) (India), S. aporus Jordan & Rothschild (India, Ceylon), S. phoberus Jordan &
Rothschild (Ceylon) and S. cognatus Jordan & Rothschild (Java)) ; jacobsoni-group (rat-parasites :
S. jacobsoni (Jordan & Rothschild) (Java, Sumatra) and S. klossi (Jordan & Rothschild) (Annam, Thai-
land, Malaya, Sumatra, Java)) ; squirrel and Tupaia parasite S. mjébergi Jordan (Borneo).

ENTOM. 7, 2 3

42 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

FERINUS-GROUP

The new species described below is the only known representative of the ferinus-
group in Africa. Of the other three species, belonging to this group, two occur in the
Oriental Region (Ceylon, India, Malaya) and one in Japan.

Stivalius alienus sp. n.
(Text-figs. 1, 3, 5-7, 16, 25)

TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype, female allotype and 8 male paratypes from
Calonne plantation, nr. Elisabethville, Belgian Congo, from a nest (probably of a
gerbil), 9. vi.1953 ; 1 female paratype from the same locality, from Rattus (Mastomys)
natalensis, vi.1953; 2 female paratypes, nr. Elisabethville, from Rattus (Mastomys)
natalensis, vill. 1953 ; all collected by Dr. R. Devignat, to whom one pair of paratypes
has been returned; 1 male paratype from the neighbourhood of Elisabethville,
from Crocidura pilosa, 1957; I female paratype, same locality, from Mus triton,
1957; 1 female paratype, same locality, from Pelomys fallax, 1957—these three
specimens were collected by P. L. Pirlot and the male and one female are in the
Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren; I male paratype from the Suji Valley,
6,000 ft., S. Pare Mts., Tanganyika, i.1957, from Arvicanthis sp., collected by J.
G. Halcrow.

Dracnosis. A member of the ferinus-group, which includes S. ferinus (Rothschild)
(a shrew-parasite from Ceylon and India), S. insolli Traub (a bird-parasite from
Malaya) and S. aestivalis Jameson & Sakaguti (a wood-mouse (Apodemus) parasite
from Japan). The new species differs from S. ferinus by the unmodified (not sub-
spiniform) setae in the submarginal frontal row, from S. imsolli and S. aestivalis
by the absence of a row of short setae preceding the main row of setae on the pronotum,
while in S. insollt the number of pronotal spines is about 30 as against 20 in S. alienus.
There are also differences in the genitalia between these species.

DESCRIPTION. HEAD (Text-fig. 1). Frontoclypeal margin smoothly rounded.
Preoral tuber short. Submarginal frontal row consisting of six setae in both sexes ;
between this row and the eye there are about a dozen large and fairly large setae
and numerous minute setae on the preantennal region of the head, the minute ones
absent on the gena. Genal margin below the eye divided into two short lobes the
anterior of which partly overlaps the posterior. Frontal area of micropores relatively
narrow. Eye well developed, kidney-shaped. Maxillary palps not quite reaching
to the middle of the anterior margin of the fore coxa ; the first segment longer than
the second, while the third segment is the shortest of the four. The laciniae are smooth
basally and extremely finely serrated apically. The labial palp, reaching to about
two-thirds the length of the fore coxa, consists of five segments. Scapus of antenna
on the outer side of its widened portion with five to six thin setae in the male and
three to four in the female ; pedicellus in both sexes with six slender setae, several
of which reach to or a little beyond the first segment of the clava ; the clava consists
of the usual nine segments (excluding the petiolus). Postantennal region of head
with three rows of setae (the displaced seta between the first and second row in

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 43

Text-fig. I is an abnormality) and a large seta about mid-way between the lowest
seta of the second and third row ; the first row consists of five setae each side in the
male and six in the female, while the second row normally has six setae each side in
both sexes as has also the third row. Bordering the antennal fossa posteriorly are
about 11-14 small setae in both sexes.

THORAX. Pronotum (Text-fig. 1) narrow, with one row of six setae each side
and a ctenidium of 20 slightly curved spines which are longer than the pronotum.
Mesonotum with a main row of five setae each side, preceded by two rows of more
numerous small and irregularly placed setae ; two fairly long pseudosetae dorsally
under the collar of the mesonotum. Mesepisternum with three to four setae, of
which one or two are usually small; mesepimeron normally with six (sometimes
seven) setae. Metanotum with three rows of setae ; the first row consists of two to
three setae in the male, four to six in the female, the second and third rows in both
sexes with seven to ten and six setae respectively (the lowest seta of the main row
much smaller than the others in the row) ; in the female the first metanotal row is
preceded by one or two small dorsal setae. Pleural arch well-developed. Met-
episternum with one large and one or two minute setae; metasternum dorso-
posteriorly with one large seta ; metepimeron with one to three small and eight to
nine large setae in the male, three to four small and nine to eleven large setae in the
female.

Lecs. Fore coxa with numerous setae all over the outer side; mid coxa with
setae along the lower half of the anterior margin, a patch of setae on the outer side
of the ventro-anterior part and two (sometimes three) ventro-posterior setae ;
the oblique suture of the outer surface of the mid coxa is uninterrupted ; chaetotaxy
of hind coxa similar to that of mid coxa, but in addition there is a small group of
short setae ventro-anteriorly on the inner side. Fore femur, apart from marginal
setae, with 12-16 lateral setae on the outer side and only one very small seta on
the basal part of the inner side. Mid and hind femora with the usual marginal and
submarginal setae, but without lateral setae. All tibiae with seven notches in the
posterior (dorsal) margin, the most dorsal one bearing only two smallish setae ;
chaetotaxy of the hind tibia as shown in Text-fig. 3. Fifth segment of all tarsi with
six pairs of lateral plantar setae, arranged as is usual in the genus, namely the first
and third pairs shifted on to the plantar surface in the fore and mid tarsus, while
in the hind tarsus only the third pair is shifted on to the planta; in the male the
last segment of fore and mid tarsi has four short and stout subapical plantar setae.
The two preapical lateral setae are short on the fifth segment of all tarsi, reaching
to about the middle of the claws.

ABDOMEN. Tergum I with three distinct rows of setae and a few dorsal setae in
front of the first row ; terga II-VII with two distinct rows of setae and in addition
several dorsal setae in front of the first row and these may form an irregular short
row. The numbers of setae in the main row on each side of terga I-VII are in the
male: 4,7, 7,7, 7,7, 7 respectively ; in the female: 4, 7, 8, 8, 8, 7, 4 (or 5). Terga
II-V in both sexes each with one marginal spinelet on each side near the dorsum.
Both sexes with two antesensilial setae, the lower of which is more than twice the
length of the upper ; in the female (Text-fig. 6) the margin of tergum VII between

ENTOM. 7, 2 38

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

Fics. 1, 2. Head and pronotum of: 1. Stivalius alienus sp. n. (female paratype,
plantation Calonne). 2. S. torvus (Rotschild) (female, Kisii, Kenya). Figs. 3, 4.
Hind tibia of : 3. S. alienus sp. n. (female allotype). 4.5. ¢ovvus (Rothschild) (female,
Keruguya, Kenya).

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

6 7

Fics. 5-7. Stivalius alienus sp.n. 5. Clasper and sternum IX (holotype). 6. Termi-
nalia (allotype). 7. Outline of sternum VII of female (a—paratype, nr. Elisabethville,
b—paratype, plantation Calonne).

40 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

the two sets of antesensilials is produced into a short triangular lobe ; below the
antesensilials the margin forms in the female an angulate lobe and below this the
margin is slightly concave for a considerable distance. Basal abdominal sternum
with a lateral patch of two to four setae in the male and 13-17 in the female, and with
two setae each side along the ventral margin of which one is placed in front of the
other. Sterna III—-VII in the male normally with three setae each side in the main
row, in the female the main row of sterna III—VI consists of four setae; in both
sexes these main rows are preceded by a patch of numerous smaller setae.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA. MALE (Text-figs. 5, 16).
Tergum VIII with 0-3 setae each side anterior to the vertical part of the spiracular
fossa. Sternum VIII with about 30-35 setae each side. Apodeme of tergum IX
narrow, ventrally not solidly fused with the dorso-caudal part of the manubrium,
the latter basally very broad and tapering gradually to an upturned tip (Text-fig.
5). Fixed process of clasper with two (one short, one long) acetabular setae. Movable
process (Text-fig. 5) of a shape characteristic for the majority of the representatives
of the genus, with relatively few setae along the ventral (posterior) margin and a
group of three large setae and one smaller one placed along this margin just before
the bend. Proximal arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 5) fairly broad; the distal arm
of this sternum narrow in its basal half whence it widens gradually, its dorso-apical
portion smoothly rounded ; four or five of the setae along the apical part of the
ventral margin much stouter than the other setae of the apical portion. Phallosome
as in Text-fig. 16 ; note the very short tendons of the phallosome, the straight and
simple inner tube, the dorso-apical aedeagal sclerite with two sharp apical projections,
and the long and narrow caudally curved and membranous lobe of the ventral
lateral wall.

FEMALE (Text-figs. 6, 7, 25). Posterior margin of sternum VII (Text-figs. 6,7)
with a double sinus, the upper bay of which is much smaller than the lower; the
main row consists of five strong setae and is divided by a gap between two dorsal
setae and three ventral ones. In front of this row are numerous smaller setae. Vari-
ation in the outline of the posterior margin of sternum VII as shown in Text-figs.
6, 7. Tergum VIII with three to six setae in front of the widened vertical part of
the spiracular fossa ; chaetotaxy of the ventral part of tergum VIII as in Text-fig.
6. Sternum VIII apically narrow and with several minute setae at and near the apex.
Anal segment as in Text-fig. 6; anal stylet about thrice as long as its maximum
width, with one long apical seta and two minute preapical ones. Bulga of sperma-
theca (Text-figs. 6, 25) longer than wide, with a dorsal hump ; the hilla protrudes
deeply into the lumen of the bulga and bears apically a papilla. Ductus bursae
curved, bursa copulatrix with a longish posterior internal sclerotization. The basal
half of the ductus spermathecae is internally reinforced by numerous sclerotic
rings (Text-fig. 25).

LENGTH. <¢ 23-2? mm., 2 3-34 mm.

REMARKS. Even without the host records it would have been possible to deduce
Stivalius alienus to be probably a parasite of rodents. The species of the ferinus-
group provide an excellent example of the modifications of the pronotal ctenidium
which arise in response to the nature of host-relationships. In S. alienus (Text- fig.1)

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 47

and in S. aestivalis (Text-fig. 63) (a flea of Apodemus) the pronotal ctenidium consists
of fairly straight spines—this is the usual type of ctenidium in a large number of
rodent-fleas. In S. ferinus (Text-fig. 64), a parasite of shrews, the spines of the
pronotal ctenidium are blunt and distinctly curved and are longer than the pronotum
—this is characteristic of a number of shrew-fleas. In S. imsolli (Text-fig. 65), a
bird-parasite, the number of pronotal spines has increased considerably—about
30 as against 18-20 in the three mammal parasites of this group ; fleas of the super-
family Ceratophylloidea which have become parasites of birds always have a larger
number of pronotal spines (usually more than 24) than related forms living on
mammals.

TORVUS-GROUP

The members of this group, which is confined to Africa, are rather uniform in
the structure of the head, thorax, legs and unmodified abdominal segments ;_ the
main differences between the species are in the genitalia. Stivalius torvus, by far
the commonest and most widespread member of the group, is described in detail,
and the other species are described in comparison with this species.

Stivalius torvus (Rothschild), 1908

(Text-figs. 2, 4, 8, 17, 26, 28, 38, 39, 53, 54)

Pygiopsylia torvus Rothschild, 1908, Ent. mon. Mag. 44: 77.
Pygiopsylla “ afer ’’ Jordan & Rothschild, 1913, Novit. zool. 20 : 537 (err. det., 1 9 from Kagamba,

Uganda; see Jordan & Rothschild, 1922, Ectoparasites, 1 : 252).

Stivalius “‘ afer’’ Symes & Hopkins, 1932, Rec. Med. Res. Lab. Nairobt (1) : 18, 19, 40, 44, 56.
Stivalius torvus Jordan & Rothschild, 1922, Ectoparasites, 1: 251, 264, fig. 241; Dalla Torre,

1924, Ber. naturw. med. Ver. Innsbruck, 39:11; Jordan, 1936, Novit. zool. 39: 297, figs.

54-56; Jordan, 1937, Novit. zool. 40:290; Hopkins, 1947, Uganda J. 11 (Suppl.) : 155;

Jordan, 1948, in Smart, Insects of medical importance (London) : 240; Hopkins, 1949, Rep.

vats, fleas, plague, Uganda: 9, tables 2, 6, 10, 12, 20.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. TANGANYIKA: Tengeru, Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis,
26.11.1952, 1 dg, 19. Kenya: Keruguya, Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis, Lobhuromys
flavopunctatus aquilus, Lemniscomys sp., Otomys sp., 1935-36, 10 g 8 9; without
locality and host, 1927, 1 2, and 1913, I g, 3 2; Machakos, house-rat, 23.v.1927,
2 2 (Jordan, 1936: 297); Kisii, house-rat, 23.v.1927, 1 9. UGANDA: Mubuku
valley, E. side of Ruwenzori, 6,000 ft. Grammomys dryas, 1.iii.1906, the male
holotype (Rothschild, 1908:77; Jordan & Rothschild, 1922: 252); Kanungu,
Kigezi, Lophuromys flavopunctatus aquilus, 2.x.1940,1 9; same locality, Arvicanthis
abyssinicus, x.1940, I 2; Kagamba, Kazara county, Ankole, Dasymys incomtus
medius, 14.vii.IgiI, i 9 (Jordan & Rothschild, 1913: 537, as “ afer’’; 1922: 252) ;
Damba Island, Lake Victoria, young rodent in nest, xi. Ig1I, I 9. BELGIAN CONGO
(specimens in the Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren, are marked with (MCB)) :
Irumu district, Ituri, Avvicanthis abyssinicus, 15.vili.1946, 3 9 (MCB); Kunga,
Mt. Wago, Ituri, nest of Oenomys hypoxanthus, 23.vii.1946, 1 2 (MCB); Pikanza,
Ituri, Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis ugandae, 14.v.1946, 1 g§ (MCB); Blukwa,
Ituri, Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis ugandae, 13.xi1.1945, I 2 (MCB); Blukwa,

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

Figs. 8,9. Clasper and sternum IX of: 8. Stivalius torvus (Rothschild)
(Keruguya, Kenya). 9. S. parilis sp. n. (holotype).

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 49

rats, 1931, 1 2 (MCB); Blukwa, 1940, 1 9 (MCB); Blukwa, Rattus (Mastomys)
natalensis ugandae, ii. 1935, 1 3; Lombu nr. Blukwa, Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis
ugandae, 19.xii.1945, I 2 (MCB) ; Rakwa nr. Blukwa, Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis
ugandae, 9.X.1945, I g¢ (MCB) ; Drodro nr. Blukwa, Arvicanthis abyssinicus
2.ix.1945,1 6 (MCB); Lotomukubwanr. Blukwa, Arvicanthis abyssinicus, 15.X.1945,
1 ¢ (MCB); Costermansville, Kivu district, rats, 1940, 1 g, 1 9; Lubero, Kivu,
field rats, xii.1940, 3 d, 3 2; Lubero, 1950, 2 g, 1 9; Boyoro region, Geti-Boga,
Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis ugandae, iv.1929, I g, 1 9 (andi g, 1 9 MCB) ; Dilolo,
Katanga, Tatera valida, Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis, 1934, 2 g, 2 9 (and I g,
MCB) (Jordan, 1936: 297); Lukolela, Tshuapa district, Crocidura occidentalis,
1 ¢ (Jordan, 1937: 290); Elisabethville, Katanga, 1935, 1 2; the following are
all from the neighbourhood of Elisabethville: Crocidura pilosa, 1 2; Steatomys
pratensis, 1 3; Saccostomus campestris, 5 3, 2Q; Rattus (Praomys) morio jacksont,
24,49; Tatera valida,1 9; Aethomys chrysophilus,1 9; Mus triton, 19; Pelomys
fallax, 22; Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis ugandae, 12 3, 169; Lophuromys flavo-
punctatus major, 1 3, 2 2 (all these specimens were collected by P. L. Pirlot in
1957); nest of Steatomys pratensis, x.1956, 20 3, 32 2; Saccostomus campestris,
12.iv.1956, I g; Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis, iii.1956, I g, iv.1956, I ¢ (these.
specimens were collected by M. Lips; part of the Pirlot and Lips material has been
generously presented by the Tervuren Museum to the British Museum collection of
fleas at Tring).

DESCRIPTION. HEAD (Text-fig. 2). Frontoclypeal margin smoothly rounded.
Preoral tuber short, though a little longer than in S. alienus (Text-fig. 1). Submarginal
frontal row consisting of six setae in both sexes ; between this row and the eye there
are 12-16 large and fairly large setae, while there are many minute setae situated
between the frontal row and the next irregular row and also along the anterior
margin of the antennal fossa. Genal margin below the eye entire, not divided into
two small lobes. Eye well-developed, kidney-shaped. Maxillary palp reaching to
about the middle of the anterior margin of the fore coxa; the first two segments of
this palp of subequal length, the third segment the shortest. The laciniae are smooth
basally and finely serrated apically. The labial palp, reaching to about three-fourths
the length of the fore coxa, consists of five segments. Scapus of antenna with six
to nine setae on the outer surface of its widened portion in the male and three to
four in the female ; pedicellus in both sexes with six to nine slender setae, several
of which reach to or a little beyond the first segment of the clava. Postantennal
region of head with three rows of setae and a large seta about mid-way between
the lowest seta of the second row (the latter seta is moved considerably forward)
and that of the third row ; in both sexes the first occipital row consists of six setae,
the second and third rows of six or seven. Bordering the antennal fossa posteriorly
are about 16-20 small setae in the male, 20-25 in the female.

TuHorax. Pronotum (Text-fig. 2) dorsally about as long as the dorsal spines of
the ctenidium, with two rows of setae, the anterior of which does not extend down-
wards on to the ventral half of the pronotum and consists of five to seven short
setae each side, while the main row consists of six setae each side in both sexes.
Pronotal ctenidium with 22-24 spines (occasionally 20, 21 or 25). Mesonotum with

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

Figs. 10, 11. Clasper and sternum IX of: 10. Stivalius timanus Jordan
(holotype). 11. S. fallaciosus sp. n. (holotype).

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 51

a main row of five setae each side, preceded by three rows of smaller setae ; two
fairly long pseudosetae present under the dorsal portion of the mesonotal collar.
Mesepisternum with three to five small and one large seta, the latter is often placed
opposite the internal rod or even beyond this and is then actually on the mesepimeron ;
mesepimeron with six or seven setae. Metanotum with four rows of setae, the first
row being short and irregular; the main row has six setae each side, the lowest
of which is the shortest. Pleural arch well developed. Metepisternum with one large
and one or two small setae ; metasternum dorso-posteriorly with one large and one
or two small setae ; metepimeron with about five small and nine to ten large setae
in the male, five or six small and 11-13 large setae in the female.

Lecs. Chaetotaxy and structure of coxae and femora more or less as in S. alienus.
Fore tibia with seven groups of setae in notches of the posterior (dorsal) margin,
the groups consisting from base to apex of 3, 3, I, 3, 3, 3 and 3 setae respectively ;
mid tibia with eight groups: 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, I (usually not in a notch), 3 and 3 setae ;
hind tibia (Text-fig. 4) with eight groups: 2, 2, I (or 2), 3, 3, I, 3 and 3 setae respec-
tively. Fifth segment of all tarsi with the chaetotaxy usual for the genus.

ABDOMEN. Tergum I with four rows of setae; terga II-VII with three rows
each, but the first row often very irregular. The numbers of setae in the main row
on each side of terga I-VII are in the male 5, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7 and 7 respectively, in the
female 5, 7, 8, 8, 8, 7 and 4 (or 5). Terga II-V in both sexes with one subdorsal
marginal spinelet each side. Both sexes with two antesensilial setae, the lower of
which is about twice the length of the upper ; in the female the margin of tergum
VII between the two groups of antesensilials forms a triangular lobe; below the
antesensilials the margin is angulate. Basal abdominal sternum with a lateral patch
of one to five small setae in the male and 12-25 in the female, and along the ventral
margin four setae each side forming a horizontal row. Sterna IJI-VII in the male
normally with three large setae on each side in the rather irregular main row; in
the female the main row of sterna III-VI consists of three or four setae; in both
sexes these main rows are preceded by a patch or numerous smaller setae.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA. MALE (Text-figs. 8, 17). Tergum
VIII with four to six setae each side anterior to the vertical part of the spiracular
fossa. Sternum VIII with about 30-35 setae each side and a group of three stout and
two small closely set setae apically at the ventral margin. Apodeme of tergum IX
narrow in its upper part, its lower portion not solidly fused with the corpus of the
clasper (Text-fig. 8). Manubrium broad, tapering only weakly, with an upturned
apex. Fixed process of clasper with one long and one short acetabular seta. A dark
T-shaped sclerite present between the bases of the two manubria. Movable process
of the shape which is usual in the genus, long and narrow and with its apical portion
turned downwards ; with an area of densely set thin and moderately long setae on
the inner side bordering the ventral margin, also along this margin, but beyond the
bend, are four or five (sometimes only three) long setae. The ventral margin of the
movable process gently convex in the setose portion (Text-fig. 8) or practically
straight. Distal arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 8) apically widened, with numerous
short setae, many of which are thickened, along the apical margin and unmodified
ones on the adjoining lateral portion ; dorsally the apical part of the arm bears

ENTOM. 7, 2 38§

Fics. 12, 13. Clasper and sternum IX of: 12. Stivalius cacuminis sp. n.
(holotype). 13. S. vichardi Jordan (holotype).

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 53

a patch of very small setae on the inner side. Phallosome as in Text-fig. 17; the
tendons of the phallosome make about half a convolution, the inner tube is short and
thick-walled and the dorso-apical aedeagal sclerite is of a characteristic shape and
structure ; the aedeagal apodeme is very broad but preapically the dorsal margin
is strongly concave.

FEMALE (Text-figs. 26, 28, 38, 39, 53, 54). Posterior margin of sternum VII with
a large sinus, which divides the main row of four or five setae into two upper and two
or three lower; in front of this main row are numerous smaller setae (Text-figs.
38, 39). Variation in the outline of the posterior margin of sternum VII is as shown
in Text-figs. 38, 39. Tergum VIII with about 8-12 setae in front of the vertical part
of the spiracular fossa ; chaetotaxy of the ventral part of this tergum as in Text-fig.
53. The posterior margin of tergum VIII has a marked noselike projection, the
variation of which is shown in Text-fig. 54. Sternum VIII as in Text-fig. 28. Anal
stylet about four to five times as long as its maximum width, with one long apical
and two minute preapical setae. Bulga of spermatheca (Text-figs. 26, 28) roughly
rectangular, dorsally with a smoothly rounded but rather variable hump ; the hilla,
bearing a papilla, is much narrower and also shorter than the bulga ; both the bulga
and the the basal half of the hilla have thick or very thick walls. On each side of
the bursa copulatrix is a dark and usually triangular (not longitudinal) sclerite
(Text-figs. 26, 28). The relatively short dilated part of the ductus spermathecae has
a thick wall and is provided internally with numerous membranous rings (Text-fig.
26).

LENGTH. ¢ 24-34 mm., 2 3-4 mm.

Stivalius richardi Jordan, 1936
(Text-figs. 13, 21, 30, 41, 61)
Stivalius vichardi Jordan, 1936, Novit. zool. 39 : 298, figs. 57, 58.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Male holotype from Dilolo, Katanga, Belgian Congo,
from Malacomys longipes, 1934; female allotype, same locality and date, from
Steatomys pratensis. The allotype is in the Musée Royal du Congo Belge at Tervuren.

DESCRIPTION. HEAD. Approximately as in S. torvus, but the frons is a little
more strongly rounded, and there are fewer small setae bordering the antennal
fossa dorsally (14-15 in the male, 17-20 in the female).

THORAX. Pronotal ctenidium in both sexes consisting of 24 spines which are
somewhat shorter than the pronotum ; in other respects the thorax resembles that
of S. torvus.

Lecs. Fore tibia with seven groups of setae in notches of the posterior (dorsal)
margin, the groups consisting from base to apex of 2, 2, I, 3, 3, 2 and 3 setae respec-
tively ; mid tibia with eight groups: 3, 2, I, 3, 3, I, 3 and 3 setae; hind tibia
with eight groups: 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, I, 3 and 4 setae.

ABDOMEN. Segments I-VII as in S. torvus.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA. MALE (Text-figs. 13, 21).
Tergum VIII with five to eight setae each side in front of the vertical part of the
spiracular fossa. Sternum VIII with about 40 setae each side and the usual ventro-

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

Fics. 14, 15.

Clasper and sternum IX of: 14. Stivalius sellatus Jordan & spl unin
(Torit, Sudan). 15. S. pirloti sp. n. (holotype).

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 55

marginal group of several short and stout setae. Apodeme of tergum IX as in
S. torvus; manubrium broad, tapering more distinctly than in S. torvus; fixed
process of clasper with one short and one long acetabular seta; movable process
(Text-fig. 13) almost like that of S. ¢torvus but longer and slenderer and the dense
group of setae not extending nearly so far away from the margin in S. richardt.
Apex of distal arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 13) produced dorsally into a long and
sharply pointed spike ; chaetotaxy of the distal arm as shown in Text-fig. 13. Aedeagus
as in Text-fig. 21; the tendons of the phallosome make about half a convolution,
the short inner tube has a very thick dorsal wall and the dorso-apical aedeagal
sclerite is very large.

FEMALE (Text-figs. 30, 41, 61). Sternum VII as in Text-fig. 41. The ventral and
posterior margins of tergum VIII meet at about a right angle without forming a
projection ; noselike projection of the posterior margin of tergum VIII rounded-off
(Text-fig. 61) ; chaetotaxy of this tergum approximately as in S. torvus. Sternum
VIII rather narrow apically (Text-fig. 30). Anal stylet only three and a half times as
long as its maximum width. Bulga of spermatheca (Text-fig. 30) thick-walled,
almost without a dorsal hump ; hilla with a large papilla. The sclerite on each side
of the bursa copulatrix is exceptionally large and dark and is shaped like the sole of
a shoe, in the only known specimen, covering the short dilated part of the ductus
spermathecae almost completely (Text-fig. 30).

LENGTH. ¢ 34mm., 294mm.

Stivalius curtiductus sp. n.
(Text-figs. 29, 40, 62)

TYPE MATERIAL. Female holotype from Mt. Tonkoni nr. Man, Ivory Coast,
g00-1,200 m., 20-30.ix.1946, A. Villiers.

DraGnosis. The female of this new species (the male is unknown) is easily distin-
guishable from other species of the torvus-group by the pronotal spines being much
shorter than the pronotum, the far downwards extension of the first row of setae on
the pronotum, and the sharp ventro-apical angle of tergum VIII.

DeEscrIPTION. HEAD. Eye kidney-shaped, but a little more rounded than in
S. torvus. The laciniae are somewhat more coarsely serrated than in the latter
species, and the serration extends from the tip of the laciniae to about the middle.
In other respects the head resembles that of S. torvus.

THORAX. Pronotum dorsally considerably longer than the spines of the pronotal
ctenidium, with two rows of setae, the first row of eight or nine setae each side
extends downwards well below the middle of the pronotum ; the second row consists
of six setae each side; pronotal ctenidium with 23 spines. Mesothorax and meta-
thorax essentially as in S. torvus.

Lecs. The fourth group of setae (counted from the base) of the mid tibia bears
three setae (two in S. torvus) ; otherwise the legs are like those of S. torvus.

ABDOMEN. Dorsally in front of the three rows of tergal setae are several irregularly

56 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

Fics. 16-18. Phallosome of: 16. Stivalius alienus sp. n. (holotype). 17. S. torvus (Rothschild)
(Keruguya, Kenya). 18. S. timanus Jordan (holotype).

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 57

placed setae, while the first two rows are also rather irregular. Tergum VI with
eight setae in the main row each side (seven in S. torvus). The upper of the two
antesensilial setae is about half the length of the lower on one side of the specimen
and slightly more than half on the other. Basal abdominal sternum with a lateral
patch of about 25 setae each side; the main row on sterna III-VI consists of four
or five setae. In other respects the unmodified abdominal segments are like those
of S. torvus.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA. FEMALE (Text-figs. 29, 40,
62). Posterior margin of sternum VII (Text-fig. 40) with a rather deep sinus, the
lobe above it is obtuse. Tergum VIII with 12 or 13 setae in front of the spiracular
fossa. Noselike projection of the posterior margin of tergum VIII weakly developed ;
the ventro-apical angle of this tergum very sharp (Text-fig. 62). Sternum VIII as
in Text-fig. 29. Anal stylet nearly five times as long as its maximum width, with
two minute preapical setae and a fairly long apical seta. Bulga of spermatheca
with a fairly thick wall, and a small dorsal hump; the sclerite on each side of the
very small bursa copulatrix is almost undeveloped (Text-fig. 29). The dilated basal
portion of the ductus spermathecae is broad and short and resembles that of S.
torvus, but it has a thin wall; the remainder of this duct is also very short (Text-fig.
29).

LENGTH. 2° 4mm.

Stivalius vancanneyti Berteaux, 1947
(Text-figs. 31, 42, 55)

Stivalius vancanneyti Berteaux, 1947, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 40: 105, fig. 9.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Female holotype, Djugu, Ituri, Belgian Congo, from
Heltosciurus ruwenzori, collected by R. van Canneyt. The holotype is in the Musée
Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren.

DESCRIPTION. HEAD. Frons rather strongly rounded ; chaetotaxy of head similar
to that of S. torvus. The five-segmented labial palp reaches to the apex of the fore
coxa.

THORAX. Pronotum dorsally one and a third longer than the dorsal spines of
the pronotal ctenidium ; with two rows of setae, the main row consisting of five
setae each side. Pronotal ctenidium consisting of 22 spines. In other respects the
thorax is similar to that of S. torvus.

Lecs. Chaetotaxy approximately as in S. torvus; in the fourth notch from the
base of the hind tibia the anterior of the three setae is displaced downward on both
sides of the specimen, but this is possibly abnormal.

ABDOMEN. Unmodified segments as in S. torvus.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA. FEMALE (Text-figs. 31, 42,
55). Sternum VII as in Text-fig. 42. A patch of ten setae each side anterior to the
spiracular fossa of tergum VIII; ventro-posterior angle of tergum VIII (Text-fig.

58 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

Figs. 19-24. Aedeagus of: 19. Stivalius parilis sp. n. (holotype). 20. S. sellatus
Jordan & Rothschild (Torit, Sudan). 21. S. richardi Jordan (holotype). 22. S. falla-
ciosus sp. n. (holotype). 23. S. pirloti sp. n. (holotype). 24. S. cacuminis sp. n.
(holotype).

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 59

55) rounded off, not forming a projection ; posterior margin of tergum VIII with a
well-developed noselike projection. Sternum VIII as in Text-fig. 31. Anal stylet
about four times as long as basally broad. Genitalia as in Text-fig. 31 ; the dilated
portion of the ductus spermathecae as wide as in S. torvus, richardi and curtiductus
but more than twice as long as in any of these three species. Spermatheca so unfa-
vourably placed that its characteristics cannot be made out satisfactorily.

LENGTH. 9 44 mm.

Stivalius afer (Rothschild), 1908
(Text-figs. 32, 43, 56)

Pygiopsylla afer Rothschild, 1908, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. (1908) : 618, Pl. 29, figs. 7, 8.

Stivalius afer Jordan & Rothschild, 1922, Ectoparasites, 1 : 250, 264, fig. 240 (partim ; the descrip-
tion and figure of the male pertain to the next new species) ; Dalla Torre, 1924, Ber. naturw.
med. Ver. Innsbruck, 39: 11 ; Bedford, 1932, Rep. Vet. Res. S. Afr. 18: 449 (partim) ; Jordan,
1936, Novit. zool. 40:93 (partim); Jordan, 1948, in Smart, Insects of medical importance
(London) : 240.

Stivalius afer afer Jordan, 1938, Novit. zool. 41: 115, 116.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Female holotype from Benguela Province, Angola, 200
miles from the coast, 4,780 ft., host not known, F. C. Wellman.

DESCRIPTION. HEAD. As in S. torvus, but in the only known specimen the eye
is oval, not kidney-shaped.

THorAx. As in S. torvus; pronotal ctenidium consisting of 24 spines; mete-
pimeron on one side with 11 small and 11 larger setae, on the other with nine small
and 12 larger setae.

Lecs. Essentially as in S. torvus, but on the dorsal margin of the mid tibia the
fourth notch from the base has three setae instead of two and the single seta of the
sixth group is marginal.

ABDOMEN. Terga IJ-VII with four rows of setae, but the first row is represented
by only a few dorsal setae ; in other respects the unmodified abdominal segments
are like those of S. torvus.

MoDIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA. FEMALE (Text-figs. 32, 43, 56).
Sternum VII as in Text-fig. 43. The noselike angle of the posterior margin of tergum
VIII (Text-fig. 56) is less marked than in S. torvus. Apex of sternum VIII with
several fairly long setae (Text-fig. 32). Dorsal margin of the bulga of the sperma-
theca without a definite hump but with a concavity defining an ill-marked postero-
dorsal rounded bulge ; the base of the hilla protruding slightly into the lumen of the
bulga (Text-fig. 32). The sclerite on each side of the bursa copulatrix is long and nar-
row, much longer than the bursa. The dilated portion of the ductus spermathecae
long and relatively narrow, with a thin wall (Text-fig. 32).

LENGTH. 9 3? mm.

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

FIGs. 25, 26.

Ni]

MU
Winn
Ij

MN ayiy Mn
MiMi Niitiaee U]) siti)
Mi

Vitis ¢

Female genitalia of: 25. Stivalius alienus sp. n. (paratype, nr. Elisabethville)
26. S. torvus (Rothschild) (Keruguya, Kenya).

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 61

Stivalius parilis sp. n.

(Text-figs. 9, 19, 33, 44, 57)

Stivalius “‘ afer’’ Jordan & Rothschild, 1922, Ectoparasites, 1: 250, 264, fig. 240 (partim ;
specimens from N’Dala Tando, Angola); Bedford, 1932, Rep. Vet. Res. S. Afr. 18: 449
(partim) ; Jordan, 1936, Novit. zool. 40 : 93 (partim).

TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype, female allotype, one male paratype and one
female paratype from N’Dala Tando (also spelt Dalla Tando or Dala Tando), Loanda,
Angola, from Arvicanthis niloticus rufinus, 18.xii.1908, W. J. Ansorge.

Diacnosis. Nearest related to Stivalius afer and differing from it in the female
sex (the male of S. afer is unknown) especially by the fact that the bursa copulatrix
is as large as the sclerites associated with it. Some other apparent differences are
mentioned in the description.

DEscriPTION. Head, thorax, legs and unmodified abdominal segments as in
S. afer, except that the eye is kidney-shaped instead of oval, the single seta of the
sixth group of the mid tibia is not marginal and the dorso-marginal spinelets of
tergum V are small or absent. The pronotal ctenidium consists of 24 spines in both
sexes, as in the only known specimen of S. afer.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA. MALE (Text-figs. 9, 19). Tergum
VIII with four or five setae each side anterior to the vertical part of the spiracular
fossa. Sternum VIII with about 31-36 setae each side and a group of three stout
and several smaller ventro-apical setae. Apodeme of tergum IX very narrow in
its dorsal portion, its lower portion not solidly fused with the rest of the clasper
(Text-fig. 9). Manubrium fairly broad, feebly tapering, with an upturned apex.
Fixed process of clasper with one long and one short acetabular seta. The long
straight part of the movable process is slightly convex dorsally and ventrally,
with a dense patch of thin setae on the inner surface along the posterior part of the
straight ventral margin; the ventral margin of the turned-down tip bears three
or four long setae, the most distant of which is not far from the apex. Apex of distal
arm of sternum IX only slightly widened, with a bluntly triangular dorso-apical
angle and a number of lateral and marginal setae (Text-fig. 9). Aedeagus as in
Text-fig. 19; dorsal wall of inner tube extremely thick ; ventro-lateral projection
of the outer wall of the aedeagus with an acute ventro-posterior angle ; aedeagal
apodeme broad but the dorsal margin strongly concave pre-apically, the apex pro-
duced into a tendril-like structure; the tendons of the phallosome form several
convolutions.

FEMALE (Text-figs. 33, 44, 57). Posterior margin of sternum VII (Text-fig. 44)
with a large sinus, which divides the main row of six setae into two groups, each of
three setae, in front of this main row are numerous smaller setae. Tergum VIII with
about six to eight setae in front of the vertical part of the spiracular fossa ; chaeto-
taxy of the lower part of tergum VIII similar to that of related species. Noselike
angle of the posterior margin of tergum VIII rounded off (Text-fig. 57). Sternum
VIII as in Text-fig. 33. Anal stylet with a long apical seta and only one minute
preapical seta at the dorsal margin. Bulga of spermatheca (Text-fig. 33) rather long,
with a relatively thin wall and without a marked dorsal hump ; hilla with a papilla.

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

died Pt ae

Fic. 27. Stivalius pirloti sp. n. (allotype), terga II-IV. Figs. 28-31. Sternum VIII
and IX and genitalia of: 28. S. torvus (Rothschild) (Keruguya, Kenya). 29. S. curti-
ductus sp. n. (holotype). 30. S. richardi Jordan (allotype). 31. S. vancanneyti

Rartasauw fhala+éerna\

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 63

The sclerite on each side of the bursa copulatrix is roughly ellipsoid and about as
large as the bursa ; the dilated part of the ductus spermathecae is long and narrow
and has fairly thick walls.

LENGTH. ¢ 34 mm., 2 34-4 mm.

Stivalius timanus Jordan, 1938
(Text-figs. 10, 18, 34, 45, 46, 58)

Stivalius afer timanus Jordan, 1938, Novit. zool. 41: 115, figs. 60, 61.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. From Georgewater Spur!, Freetown, Sierra Leone: male
holotype from Rattus (Praomys) morio tullbergi1, 27.11.1937, female allotype from
the same host species, I.iii.1937, one female paratype from Lophuromys sikapusi',
25.11.1937; all collected by D. H. S. Davis.

DESCRIPTION. HEAD. Frons more strongly rounded than in related species.
In other respects the head resembles that of S. torvus.

THORAX. Pronotal ctenidium with 23 spines in the male holotype, 24 in the two
available females ; the dorsal spines are a little shorter than the dorsal length of
the pronotum. The lower of the two pseudosetae each side under the collar of the
mesonotum is separated by a clear gap from the upper.

LEGS AND UNMODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS. As in S. torvus.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA. MALE (Text-figs. 10, 18).
Tergum VIII of holotype with three setae on one side, four on the other ; sternum
VIII with 31 setae on one side, 36 on the other, and the usual group of four to seven
short setae apically along the ventral margin. Apodeme of tergum IX as in related
species. Manubrium broad, with an upturned tip. Three acetabular setae on one side,
two on the other (the latter is doubtless the normal number). Movable process
(Text-fig. 10) long and slender, with a straight dorsal margin and a smoothly undula-
ting ventral margin; with a dense patch of longish thin setae on the inner side
adjacent to the convex part of the ventral margin ; the ventral margin of the turned-
down apical portion with three long setae, the most apical of which is well away
from the apex. Distal arm of sternum IX (Text-fig. 10) ventro-apically strongly
widened without a dorso-apical projection, with a number of short setae several of
which are spiniform. Phallosome as in Text-fig. 18 ; the tendons of the phallosome
make two convolutions ; the aedeagal inner tube has a relatively thin dorsal wall ;
the dorso-apical sclerite is rather small; the aedeagal apodeme is broad, the apical
half of its dorsal margin is strongly concave, and its tip is drawn out into a long
tendril-like structure.

FEMALE (Text-figs. 34, 45, 46, 58). Sternum VII with the sinus almost as in related
species, but the lobe above the sinus relatively long ; variation in the outline of the
posterior margin of sternum VII as in Text-figs. 45, 46. Tergum VIII with five to
seven setae in front of the vertical portion of the spiracular fossa. Noselike angle of
the posterior margin of tergum VIII distinct (Text-fig. 58), but less so than in S.
torvus. Sternum VIII rather broad, narrowing abruptly a little before the apex

1 The names of the exact locality and of the hosts, as well as the dates of capture, were not available
for the original description, but recently Dr. D. H. S. Davis has kindly supplied these additional data.

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

Fics. 32-37. Sternum VIII and IX and genitalia of: 32, Stivalius afer (Rothschild)
(holotype). 33. S. parvilis sp. n. (allotype). 34. S. timanus Jordan (allotype).
35. S. nigeriensis Jordan (holotype). 36. S. sellatus Jordan & Rothschild (holotype).
37. S. pirloti sp. n. (allotype).

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 65

(Text-fig. 34). Anal stylet four or five times as long as wide, with the usual long
apical seta but only one preapical minute seta. Bulga of spermatheca (Text-fig. 34)
short, very thick-walled, posteriorly with a very prominent hump. The sclerite on
each side of the bursa copulatrix is small and somewhat constricted in its middle ;
it is as long as the small bursa copulatrix (Text-fig. 34). The ductus spermathecae
very long, but the dilated portion of the duct (Text-fig. 34) of moderate length,
not unlike that of S. vancanneyti but relatively much narrower.
LENGTH. ¢ 34 mm., 2 4-4} mm.

Stivalius nigeriensis Jordan, 1938

(Text-figs. 35, 47, 48, 59)

Stivalius afer nigeriensis Jordan, 1938, Novit. zool. 41 : 116, fig. 62.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Female holotype from Lagos, Nigeria, from a bush rat,
S. L. M. Counal; one female from Adiopodoumé, Ivory Coast, from Crocidura
sp., 17.iv.1953, V. Aellen.

DESCRIPTION. HEAD. Essentially as in S. torvus, but there are only about 15 small
setae bordering the antennal fossa posteriorly.

THORAX. Pronotum narrow, dorsally much shorter than the length of the dorsal
spines of the pronotal ctenidium, the latter consisting of 20 slightly curved spines.
Though narrow, the pronotum still bears two rows of setae (contrast pronotum of
S. alienus, Text-fig. 1). In other respects the thorax resembles that of S. torvus.

Lecs. The tibiae differ from those of all other species of the torvus-group by having
seven groups of setae in notches of the posterior margin on all the legs, whereas
in the other species the fore tibia has seven but the mid and hind tibiae have eight.
The numbers of setae in these notches are: mid tibia 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2 and 3, hind
tibia 2, 2, I, 2, 2 (or 3), 3, and 3 (the hind tibia closely resembles that of S. alienus
(Text-fig. 3)).

ABDOMEN. Unmodified abdominal segments as in S. torvus, but the upper ante-
sensilial seta is a little less than half the length of the lower.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA. FEMALE (Text-figs. 35, 47, 48,
59). Sternum VII (Text-figs. 47, 48) of the type usual in the ¢orvus-group, the lobe
above the sinus only weakly developed. Variation in outline of the posterior margin
of sternum VII as shown in Text-figs. 47, 48. Tergum VIII with four to seven small
setae in front of the vertical part of the spiracular fossa ; noselike projection of the
posterior margin of tergum VIII nearly absent, indicated by a weak convexity of
the margin (Text-fig. 59). Sternum VIII as in Text-fig. 35. Anal stylet about
four times as long as its maximum width, with one or two minute preapical setae
and a long apical seta. Bulga of spermatheca (Text-fig. 35) with a convex dorsal
margin but without a hump. The sclerite on each side of the bursa copulatrix is
small and elongate, kidney-shaped, and as long as the bursa ; dilated part of ductus
spermathecae rather long and straight (Text-fig. 35).

LENGTH. @ 23-3 mm.

66 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

Fics. 38, 39. Stivalius torvus (Rothschild). 38. Sternum VII of female (Tengeru,
Tanganyika). 39. Outlines of sternum VII of females (a—Kenya, b—Keruguya,
Kenya, c—Kenya, d—Lubero, Kivu district, Belgian Congo, e—Kanungu, Kigezi,
Uganda, f—Machakos, Kenya, g—Damba Island, Lake Victoria). Figs. 40, 41.
Sternum VII of left hand side and outline (stippled) of right hand side of same
sternum. 40. S. curtiductus sp. n. (holotype). 41. S. vichardi Jordan (allotype).

mails geen

eS ee

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 67

REMARKS. Jordan described S. nigeriensis as a subspecies of S. afer but remarked
that it may represent a separate species since it agrees neither with torvus nor with
afer ; he placed it provisionally as a subspecies of afer because the sclerite on each
side of the bursa copulatrix is more like that of afer than that of torvus. But the
considerable differences in the pronotum, pronotal ctenidium and tibiae between
S. afer and S. nigertensis show that the latter is better placed as a separate species.

Stivalius fallaciosus sp. n.
(Text-figs. I1, 22)

“ Pygiopsylla torvus’’ Jordan & Rothschild, rg11, Novit. zool. 18:71; Jordan & Rothschild,
1922, Ectoparasites, 1: 252.

TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype from Bamenda, Cameroons, S.E. Nigeria, vi. 1909,
leg. Adametz, without host-record. The holotype, formerly in the collection of the
Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-Universitét in Berlin, has been generously
presented by Prof. Dr. F. Peus to the British Museum collection of fleas at Tring.

Dracnosis. The male of this new species can be distinguished from that of related
species by the fact that the dense group of thin setae along the ventral margin of
the movable process of the clasper extends along the rounded angle of the margin,
by the shape of the expanded apical part of the distal arm of sternum IX and by the
structure of the aedeagus. Female unknown.

DESCRIPTION. HEAD. Submarginal frontal row consisting of seven setae each
side ; in other respects the head resembles that of S. torvus.

THORAX. Pronotal ctenidium consisting of 23 spines. The two dorsal pseudosetae
on each side under the collar of the mesonotum are clearly separated by a gap (as
in S. timanus). :

Lecs. Mid tibia with seven notches in the posterior margin, bearing 2, 2, I, 2, 3, 2
(or 3) and 3 setae respectively. Otherwise the thorax and legs are essentially as in
S. torvus.

ABDOMEN. Basal abdominal sternum with one or two small setae anterodorsally ;
sterna IJI-VII with a main row of four setae each side. In other respects the unmodi-
fied abdominal segments agree with those of S. torvus.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA. MALE (Text-figs. 11, 22). Tergum
VIII with eight setae each side in front of the vertical portion of the spiracular fossa.
Sternum VIII with about 40 setae each side and the usual apical ventro-marginal
group of several short setae. Apodeme of tergum IX as in S. forvus ; manubrium
broad ; fixed process of clasper with one long and one short acetabular seta ; movable
process short for this group, the four or five long seta at the ventral margin of the
bent-down apical portion are placed rather close together (Text-fig. 11). The apex
of the distal arm of sternum IX with a characteristic widening, the dorsal projection
rather long and its apex splayed out; the ventral spiniform setae form a dense
group (Text-fig. 11). Aedeagus as in Text-fig. 22; the tendons of the phallosome
make about two convolutions.

LENGTH. ¢ 34 mm.

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

Fics. 42-46. Sternum VII of left hand side and outline (stippled) of right hand
side of same sternum. 42. Stivalius vancanneyti Berteaux (holotype). 43. S. afer
(Rothschild) (holotype). 44. S. parilis sp. n. (paratype). 45, 46. S. timanus Jordan

(45—allotype, 46—paratype).

eT se ee

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 69

Stivalius sellatus Jordan & Rothschild, 1923
(Text-figs. 14, 20, 36, 49, 60)

Stivalius sellatus Jordan & Rothschild, 1923, Ectoparasites, 1: 304, fig. 301; Hopkins, 1947,

Uganda J. (Suppl.) 11: 155.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Female holotype from Bubungi, North Bugishu, Eastern
Uganda, 28.i1.1922, froma rat, W. N. van Someren ; one male from Torit, Equatoria,
Sudan, 3,800 ft., from a mouse, 7.iv.1950, H. Hoogstraal, presented by Lt.-Col. R.
Traub.

DeEscripTIon. Heap. Essentially as that of S. torvus, but the frons is somewhat
more strongly rounded, and the small setae bordering the antennal fossa are less
numerous.

THoRAX. Like that of S. torvus ; the pronotal ctenidium with 24 spines in both
the available specimens.

LeGs. The outer side of the fore tibia with only three to five lateral setae in the male,
six or seven in the female. In both the specimens examined one hind tibia has the
usual eight groups of setae in notches along the posterior (dorsal) margin, but on
the other side:there are nine, an extra single stout seta being present between the
second and third notches (counting from the base).

ABDOMEN. Marginal spinelets of terga II-IV developed into moderately large
spines which form dorsal ctenidia consisting of six spines each side on all three terga
in the male, while in the female there are six and seven on the two sides of terga II
and III and six on each side of tergum IV; no spines or spinelets on other terga.
Dorsally the ctenidia of each side do not quite meet, but are separated by a short
dorsal interspace. Basal abdominal sternum with only one lateral seta in the only
male examined, but about 25 in the female holotype. In other respects the chaetotaxy
of the unmodified abdominal segments resembles that of S. torvus.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA. MALE (Text-figs. 14, 20).
Tergum VIII anterior to the vertical part of the spiracular fossa with three short
setae on one side and four on the other. Sternum VIII with about 25 setae each side
and a ventro-marginal group of two stout and three small setae. Apodeme of tergum
IX (Text-fig. 14) narrow and of the same construction as in other species of the torvus-
group. Manubrium much narrower than the width of the basal half of the aedeagal
apodeme, rather short, its ventral margin wholly convex. Fixed process of clasper

_ with one very long and slender and one very short acetabular seta. The down-bent

apical portion of the movable process bears ventrally two or three long setae and forms
about a right angle with the long and straight part of the process, the usual dense
patch of thin setae along the ventral margin before the bend is very narrow (Text-fig.
14). Dorsal margin of the widened apical part of the distal arm of sternum IX
(Text-fig. 14) smoothly convex, without irregularities in its outline; a group of
short setae, several of which are stout but none definitely spiniform, is present at
the ventro-apical angle of the apex ; the dorso-apical angle is sharp. Aedeagus as
in Text-fig. 20; the tendons of the phallosome form about two convolutions ;
aedeagal apodeme with the deep concavity in the dorso-apical half which is charac-
teristic of the torvus-group.

70 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

eR athe tg
— a b
eee
$
50 5| 52

Fics. 47-49. Sternum VII of left hand side and outline (stippled) of right hand side
of same sternum. 47, 48. Stivalius nigeriensis Jordan (47—holotype, 48—Adio-
podoumé, Ivory Coast). 49. S. sellatus Jordan & Rothschild (holotype). Figs. 50-52.
S. pirloti sp.n. 50. Sternum VII of female (allotype). 51. Outlines of sternum VII
of two paratypes (nr. Elisabethville) 52. Outline of tergum VIII of female (allotype).

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 71

FEMALE (Text-figs. 36, 49, 60). Sternum VII (Text-fig. 49) with a deep sinus of
the usual shape dividing the main row of four setae into two groups of two ; chaeto-
taxy of this sternum as shown in the figure. Tergum VIII with eight or nine setae in
front of the vertical part of the spiracular fossa ; noselike projection of the posterior
margin of this tergum rather weakly developed (Text-fig. 60). Sternum VIII as in
Text-fig. 36. Anal stylet just over thrice as long as its maximum width, with a long
apical seta and two minute preapical setae. Bulga of spermatheca (Text-fig. 36)
with a fairly thick wall and a small dorsal hump. The sclerite each side of the
extremely small bursa copulatrix is poorly sclerotised and small. The dilated part
of the ductus spermathecae is not very long, in contrast with the remainder of this
duct (Text-fig. 36).

LENGTH. ¢ 3 mm., 9 3 mm.

Stivalius pirloti sp. n.

(Text-figs. 15, 23, 27, 37, 50-52)

TYPE MATERIAL. From the neighbourhood of Elisabethville, Katanga, Belgian
Congo, collected by Dr. P. L. Pirlot: male holotype, nine male and three female
paratypes from Rattus (Praomys) morio jacksoni, 1957 ; female allotype from Kikusue
near Elisabethville, from Rattus (Praomys) morio jacksoni, vi.1956, collected by
M. Lips; one female paratype from Kanienge near Elisabethville, from Rattus
(Praomys) morio jackson, vi.1956, M. Lips. Holotype, allotype and several para-
types in the Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren.

D1aGnosis. Separable from all other African members of the genus, except
S. sellatus, by the possession of dorsal ctenidia on some of the abdominal terga;
from S. sellatus in the male by the possession of (a) a large area of thin setae on the
inner side of the movable process, (b) only one acetabular seta (there are two such
setae in all other African species), (c) a number of shortish spiniform setae on the
ventro-apical margin of sternum IX, (d) sickle-shaped dorso-apical aedeagal sclerite;
in the female by the presence of large, curved and rather narrow sclerites associated
with the bursa copulatrix.

DESCRIPTION. HEAD. As in S. torvus.

THORAX. Pronotal ctenidium with 24-27 (normally 24) slender spines in the male,
25-26 in the female. Metanotum with a main row of seven setae on each side. In
other respects the thorax, as well as the legs, resemble those of S. torvus.

ABDOMEN. All the marginal spinelets developed into spines, which form conspicu-
ous dorsal ctenidia on terga II-IV (Text-fig. 27) and sometimes also on V; on tergum
I there are usually no spines (occasionally one, or one on each side), on tergum II
four or five on each side, on tergum III four (sometimes five), on tergum IV three
or four in the male and two to four (generally three) in the female, and on tergum V
one (sometimes two) in the male and one or none in the female. Basal abdominal
sternum with a lateral patch of one to eight (average four) small setae in the male
and 12-20 (average 17) in the female. Otherwise the unmodified abdominal segments
are like those in S. torvus.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA. MALE (Text-figs. 15, 23).
Tergum VIII with three to six smallish setae each side anterior to the vertical portion

THE

AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS 73

of the spiracular fossa. Sternum VIII with 25-30 setae each side, the three most
apical of the ventral setae are set closely together. Apodeme of tergum IX and
manubrium (Text-fig. 15) more or less as in S. torvus. Fixed process of clasper with
one long acetabular seta only. Movable process of clasper like that of S. torvus,
but relatively longer, the down-bent apical portion forming an angle far greater
than a right angle with the basal portion (contrast S. sellatus, Text-fig. 14). Sternum
IX (Text-fig. 15) not unlike that of S. torvus, but the apical part of the distal arm
is little widened, proportionally longer and the spiniform setae along the ventro-
apical margin are much blunter and more widely spaced. Aedeagus as in Text-fig. 23 ;
dorso-apical aedeagal sclerite sickle-shaped ; tendons of phallosome making about
two convolutions ; dorsal margin of aedeagal apodeme strongly concave preapically.

FEMALE (Text-figs. 37, 50-52). Sternum VII (Text-figs. 50, 51) of the shape
usual for the forvus-group and with a chaetotaxy resembling that of the other species
in this group. Tergum VIII with a row of five setae in front of the vertical portion
of the spiracular fossa ; chaetotaxy of the ventral part of this tergum as in other
species of the group; posterior margin of tergum VIII as in Text-fig. 52. Anal
segment more or less as in S. torvus. Bulga of spermatheca thick-walled, with only
a small dorsal hump, hilla with a papilla (Text-fig. 37). The pair of dark sclerites
associated with the bursa copulatrix long and slender and markedly curved; the
dilated part of the ductus spermathecae is long, not very wide, and internally
provided with the usual membranous rings (Text-fig. 37).

LENGTH. ¢ 3-34 mm., 9 34-44 mm.

REMARKS. I have pleasure in naming this new flea, a parasite of the arboreal
Rattus (Praomys) mono, after Dr. P. L. Pirlot, who made extensive collections of
fleas while studying and collecting mammals in the Belgian Congo.

Stivalius cacuminis sp. n.
(Text-figs. 12, 24)

TYPE MATERIAL. Male holotype collected on the top of Mt. Soque (about 40-50
miles east of Lobito), Angola, from a mouse,! on 27.viii.1954, by G. Heinrich. The
holotype is in the Chicago Natural History Museum.

1 Dr. R. L. Wenzel, of the Chicago Natural History Museum, kindly informed me that the following
rodents were collected by Mr. Heinrich on Mt. Soque on August 27, 1954: Graphiurus sp., Otomys
ivvoratus, Dendromus sp., Lophuromys sikapust, Oenomys sp., Pelomys fallax and Rattus (Praomys)
namaquensis. Since Stivalius cacuminis is closely related to S. pirloti (a parasite of Rattus (Praomys)
morio) it is possible that Rattus (Praomys) namaquensis is the true host of S. cacuminis.

Fics. 53, 54. Stivalius torvus (Rothschild). 53. Tergum VIII of female (Keruguya,
Kenya). 54. Outlines of tergum VIII of females (a—-c: Keruguya, Kenya, d-e:
Machakos, Kenya). Figs. 55-62. Outlines of tergum VIII of females of : 55. S. vancan-
neytt Berteaux (holotype). 56. S. afer (Rothschild) (holotype). 57. S. parilis sp. n.
(a—paratype, b—allotype). 58. S. timanus Jordan (a—allotype, b—paratype).
59. S. nigeriensis Jordan (a—holotype, b—Adiopodoumé, Ivory Coast). 60. S. sellatus
Jordan & Rothschild (holotype). 61. S. vichardi Jordan (allotype). 62. S. curtiductus
sp. n. (holotype). Figs. 63-65. Pronotum of females of: 63. S. aestivalis Jameson
& Sakaguti (Hanase, Kyoto Prefecture, Honshu, Japan). 64. S. ferinus (Rothschild)
(Namunukula, Ceylon). 65. S. imsolli Traub (Brinchong Hill, Cameron Highlands,
Malaya).

74 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

D1aGnosis. On the structure of the aedeagus this new species is nearest related
to S. pirloti, from which it can be distinguished at once by the absence of ctenidia on
the anterior abdominal terga.

DESCRIPTION. Head, thorax, legs and unmodified abdominal segments as in
S. torvus.

MODIFIED ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS AND GENITALIA. MALE (Text-figs. 12, 24).
Segment VIII as in S. torvus, except for the apical subventral group of setae on
sternum VIII which consists of only three setae with four very small setae opposite
these, on the inner side of the sternum. Apodeme of tergum IX, manubrium and
fixed process of clasper (Text-fig. 12) similar to those in S. torvus ; movable process
much longer than that of S. ¢orvus, with a relatively narrow patch of thin setae
subventrally on the inner side of the long straight portion; the ventral margin of the
apical bent-down portion with four long setae (Text-fig. 12). Sternum IX (Text-fig.
12) resembling that of S. pirloti, differing in some small details. Aedeagus as in
Text-fig. 24; the tendons of the phallosome make nearly two convolutions ; dorso-
apical aedeagal sclerite sickle-shaped ; the dorsal margin of the aedeagal apodeme
is strongly concave before the tip.

LENGTH. ¢ 3} mm.

KEY TO THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF Stivalius

1. Genal margin below eye divided into two partly overlapping lobes (Text-fig. 1) ;
g—tendons of phallosome short, hardly reaching beyond apex of aedeagal
apodeme (Text-fig. 16) ; dorsal margin of aedeagal apodeme almost straight (Text-
fig. 16) ; 9—no paired sclerotic structure alongside the bursa copulatrix (Text-
fig. 25); dilated part of ductus spermathecae slender, with a number of thick
sclerotic internal rings (Text-fig. 25) (ferinus-group) : alienus, p. 42

— Genal margin below eye entire (Text-fig. 2) ; g—tendons of phallosome making at
least half a convolution (Text-figs. 17, 18); dorsal margin of aedeagal apodeme
strongly concave preapically (Text-figs. 17, 18); 9Q—bursa copulatrix in most
species with a dark sclerotic structure on each side (Text-fig. 26, 28-37) ; dilated
part of ductus spermathecae with a large number of membranous internal divisional
rings (Text-figs. 26, 28-37) (torvus-group) ‘ ; : : : ‘ 2

2. Terga II-IV with developed dorsal ctenidia (Text-fig. 27)

— These terga with only one subdorsal marginal spinelet

3. d—Apical portion of movable process bent downwards at about a right angle ;
along the ventral margin before the bend a relatively sparse group of thin setae ;
fixed process of clasper with two acetabular setae (Text-fig. 14); 9—Bursa
copulatrix very small, the sclerites not much darkened (Text-fig. 36)

> W

sellatus, p. 69
— g—Down-bent apical portion of movable process forming an angle considerably
greater than a right angle with the basal portion, the latter part bearing a large
area of thin setae on inner side; fixed process with only one acetabular seta
(Text-fig. 15); 9Q—Bursa copulatrix itis = the curved sclerites very long

and narrow (Text-fig. 37) ; y pirloti, p. 71
4. Dorsal (posterior) margin of hind tibia with. seven | groupe of setae i in notches; pro-
notum dorsally much shorter than dorsal pronotal spines; pronotal ctenidium

Io.

THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

with 20 spines (male unknown) . nigeriensis, Pp.

Dorsal margin of hind tibia with eight groups of setae : “normally at least 22 pronotal
spines which are usually about as long as (or a little shorter than) pronotum

Males (this sex not known of afer, curtiductus and vancanneytt)

Females (this sex not known of fallaciosus and cacuminis) : . . ‘

Tendons of phallosome making at most half a convolution; apex of aedeagal
apodeme without a tendril (Text-fig. 17) é : ‘ : , ‘

These tendons making at least a whole convolution; apex of aedeagal apodeme

drawn out into a fairly long and not strongly sclerotized tendril (Text-fig. 18)

Dorso-apical part of distal arm of sternum IX drawn out into a long and sharply

pointed projection (Text-fig. 1 or ; dorso-apical aedeagal sclerite very large (Text-

fig. 21) ; ‘ vichardi, p.

Dorso-apical part of distal arm of sternum IX not ‘forming a Jong and pointed
projection (Text-fig. 8) ; dorso-apical aedeagal sclerite much smaller (Text-fig. 17)

tovuus, Pp.

Upper extension of dorso-apical aedeagal sclerite sickle-shaped (Text-fig. 24) ;
ventral margin of basal part of movable process with a narrow group of thin setae

(Text-fig. 12) : . . cacuminis, p.

Upper extension of dorso- apical aedeagal Sclexite not sickle- -shaped ; area of thin
setae along ventral margin of movable process much wider :

Ventro-marginal group of setae on movable process extending along curvature of
margin to the first large ventral seta of down-bent portion ; apex of widened part

of distal arm of sternum IX splayed out (Text-fig. 11) . ; fallaciosus, p.

The group of thin setae on movable process not extending along curvature of margin ;
apex of widened part of distal arm of sternum IX not splayed out

Proximal arm of sternum. IX subequal in length to distal arm; dorso- sical angle
of club-shaped expansion of latter arm broadly rounded (Text-fig. 10) ; ventro-
apical angle of lower lateral aedeagal lobe of about 90°; dorsal wall of aedeagal

inner tube relatively thin (Text-fig. 18) . , . : timanus, Pp.

Proximal arm of sternum IX distinctly longer than distal arm ; apex of latter arm not
much widened (Text-fig. 9) ; apical and ventral margins of lower lateral aedeagal
lobe forming a very acute angle ; dorsal wall of inner tube very thick (Text-fig. 19)

parilis, p.

Dilated part of ductus spermathecae short and thick, not or hardly longer than
spermatheca (Text-fig. 26, 28-30) . ‘

Dilated part of ductus spermathecae relatively fong ana narrow ‘(Text- figs. 31-37)

Only a vestige left of the sclerites associated with the bursa copulatrix ; undilated

part of ductus spermathecae very short (Text-fig. 29) ‘ ‘ curtiductus, p.

Sclerites associated with bursa copulatrix well developed ; undilated part of ductus
spermathecae much longer (Text-figs. 26, 28, 30) . :
Sclerites of bursa copulatrix fairly small and roughly teenie nian (Text- figs, 26, 28)

torvus, p.

These sclerites very large and shaped like the sole of a shoe (Text-fig. 30)

vichardt, p.

Sclerites about as long as bursa copulatrix (Text-figs. 33, 34)
Sclerites about twice as long as bursa copulatrix (Text-figs. 31, 32)
Sclerites and bursa copulatrix relatively large, nearly as long as bulga of sperma-

theca (Text-fig. 33) ‘ : parilis, p.

Sclerite and bursa copulatrix much smaller in relation to ‘length of bulga (Text-

fig. 34) ‘ P Z timanus, p.
. Dilated part of ductus spermathecae about seven . times as long as wide (Text-fig. 31)
vancanneyltt, p.

Dilated part of ductus spermathecae about twelve times as long as wide (Text-

fig. 32) F : ‘ . ; ‘ 7 : : : : . afer, p.

76 THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF STIVALIUS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am deeply indebted to the following colleagues for the loan or gift of specimens
of African species of Stivalius : Dr. V. Aellen (donation of a female of S. nigeriensis),
Dr. P. L. G. Benoit (loan and donation of much material from the Musée Royal
du Congo Belge), Dr. R. Devignat (donation of specimens of S. alienus), Prof. Dr.
F. Peus (donation of holotype of S. fallactosus) and Lt.Col. R. Traub (donation of a
male S. sellatus and permission to describe this sex, and for inviting me to describe
a male from Angola (S. cacwmimis) which he had found among material sent to him
by the Chicago Natural History Museum).

—— Ta

;

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE
(HOM. : COCCOIDEA)
DESCRIBED BY C. K. BRAIN
FROM SOUTH AFRICA

G. DE LOTTO

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 3
LONDON: 1958

\ \ 7
py,

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. : COCCOIDEA)
DESCRIBED BY C. K. BRAIN
FROM SOUTH AFRICA

G, DE. LOTTO fh
“Ky

Department of Agriculture, Kenya }

Pp. 77-120 ; 19 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 3
LONDON : 1958

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical Senes. ,

Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become
veady. Volumes will contain about three or four
hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 7, No. 3 of the Entomological
serves.

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
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Issued August, 1958 Price Twelve Shillings and Sixpence

— ay

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM.:COCCOIDEA)
DESCRIBED BY C.K. BRAIN
FROM SOUTH AFRICA

By G. DE LOTTO
Department of Agriculture, Kenya

Our knowledge in the Pseudococcid fauna of South Africa is almost entirely based
on the works published by C. K. Brain, who treated altogether forty-two species
and varieties, thirty-one of which were described by him as new. Omitting any
criticism of the methods he used in all his descriptions, which are more or less of
the standard then attained by the majority of entomologists, it is evident that none
of his species can be recognized without the examination of the types. Subsequent
workers dealt with a few of his species, but those remaining were still completely
unrecognizable.

In the present paper all Brain’s species are reviewed or redescribed from the types,
paratypes or specimens which, although marked by the serial number only, undoub-
tedly belonged to the original material studied by him. The main work was carried
out at the Division of Entomology of the Department of Agriculture in Pretoria,
where the bulk of Brain’s collection is deposited. Material of four species apparently
missing there, was made available from the U.S. National Collection of Coccidae in
Washington, D.C.

With a few exceptions the original material examined was in poor and at times in
very poor condition. Specimens were often broken and badly distorted and not
cleaned or not properly cleaned of the body content. Furthermore some specimens
were evidently mounted from dry material or overboiled when treated with KOH,
so that when remounting we found very serious difficulties on making really adequate
microscope preparations. The utmost care was made in studying every structure
of taxonomic value in order to present adequate diagnoses and figures so as to enable
the recognition of the various species and serve for their generic allocation in the
final revision.

Out of twenty-nine species and two varieties described as new by Brain, three
species and one variety have been already synonymized by various authors. Four
more species and one variety are synonymized in the course of the following pages.
The complete list of them is as follows:

Antonina transvaalensis = natalensis Brain.
Pseudococcus capensis = maritimus (Ehrhorn).

ENTOM, 7, 3. 4

80 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Pseudococcus citri phenacocciformis = citri (Risso).
Pseudococcus elisabethae = quaesitus Brain.
Pseudococcus natalensis = graminis (Maskell).
Pseudococcus segnis tylococciformis = segnis Brain.
Pseudococcus solitarius = vastator (Maskell).
Pseudococcus trichtliae = guaesitus Brain.
Rhizoecus africanus = falcifer Kuenckel.

With the publication of this paper nearly two thirds of the described mealy-bugs
of the African continent south of Sahara have been dealt with.

Antonina natalensis Brain
(Text-fig. 1)

Antonina natalensis Brain, 1915, Tvans. voy Soc. S. Africa. 5: 86.

Antonina transvaalensis Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 87 (SYN. NOV.).
Antonina indica panica Hall, 1925, Bull. Minist. Agric. Egypt. 64:6 (SYN. NOV.).
Antonina indica panica Hall, 1937, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 86 : 125.

One slide with a single very adult female was available from the U.S. National
Collection of Coccidae, Washington, D.C. It was labelled: ‘‘ Antonina natalensis
Br.; grass; Pietermaritzburg, Nov. 15, 1914; Chas. K. Brain; 33, C.K.B.” The
specimen was in fair condition, although the body skin was slightly chitinized and
there were difficulties in examining some glandular structures.

“Adult female enclosed in a dense, though, felted sac at the base of grasses.
Ovisac: at first sight the ovisacs appear spherical, but on closer inspection they are
found to be somewhat produced at the anterior end, so as to be really pear-shaped,
4'5 mm. long and 3°8 to 4 mm. broad. In colour the sac is yellowish-white to buff.
Adult female : purplish-black in colour, about 4 mm. long, distinctly semipyriform,
being flattened ventrally and broadly rounded behind while the anterior end is
narrowed. There is not secretionary covering, but the walls of the sac are closely
adherent to the body of insect.” (Brain, /.c.). Body of mounted specimen broadly
oval with posterior end chitinized. Anal and marginal cerarii entirely absent. Anal
ring with six robust setae, set at inner extremity of a deep invagination of dermis.
Multilocular disc pores numerous on median and submedian areas of venter and a
few crowded near each stigmatic opening. Tubular ducts with inner end dome-
shaped ; they are fairly abundant and uniformly distributed on either side of body.
Sieve-like pores caudad of posterior stigmatic opening lacking, apparently being
replaced by flat circular glands with a granulated surface, variable in size and always
smaller than multilocular disc pores. Trilocular pores evenly scattered on dorsum
and venter. Very small invaginations of ventral dermis mark the position where the
legs would be situated. Body setae very short, except a few on posterior end of body.
Atrium of each stigmatic opening with a band of trilocular pores. Antennae formed
by two or three small joints, with a tuft of short setae on apex.

FROM SOUTH AFRICA

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA)

.
eee ot

| cium eT

Antonina natalensis Brain

Fic. I.

82 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Antonina transvaalensis Brain (= Antonina natalensis Brain)
Antonina transvaalensis Brain, 1915, Trans. voy Soc. S. Afr. 5: 87.

One slide on loan from the U.S. National Collection of Coccidae, Washington,
D.C., was seen. It contained three adult females, the last abdominal segments of
another adult female and one larva. It bore the following label: ‘‘ Antonina trans-
vaalensis Brain ; on roots of grass; Daspoort, Pretoria ; C. K. Brain coll., Oct. 11,
1939; Brain II 70; 70, C.K.B.”” The mistake in the year of collection is evidently
due to a pen slip. Very likely this slide, as many others in Brain’s collection in
Pretoria, was originally marked with the serial number only, and the label was written
much later.

Antonina transvaalensis is a synonym of natalensis as no structural differences
were found between the two species.

Grewiacoccus gregalis Brain
(Text-fig. 2)
Grewiacoccus gregalis Brain, 1918, Bull. ent. Res. 9: 108.

The material examined was represented by five slides each containing a single
adult female in fairly good condition, except that the prosoma was partly distorted.
All slides were labelled: ‘‘ Grewiacoccus gregalis; Transvaal, Pienaar’s River,
23 January 1917; C.K.B. and C. Fuller; on leaves of kruisbesje!; C.K.B. 305.”

“ Adult female causing a gall on the leaf of the host-plant, in which one, two or
three insects may be present. The galls may be solitary, or, as is often the case,
five to twelve may be found clustered around the edge of a single leaf. The mature
gall is about 6 mm. in length, broadly inflated, with the sides tapering slightly to the
neck, of a scrotal shape or one very much likea pitcher. The galls stand nearly erect
from the distorted edge, and are of the same green colour and texture as the leaf.
There is no hole at the distal end, but below, on the under-side of the leaf, is a circular
opening through which project two dense white filaments accompanied by a small
amount of fine white cottony matter. When obtained in January numerous young
were found clustered around the necks of some of the galls. All the available space
in the gall is occupied by the female—or females if these are two or three—and on the
inner walls there is a slight layer of white wax, which is more plentiful near the base,
or where the posterior part of the insect is. ... Adult female when alive, yellowish
or slight pink, about 3:2 mm. long.” (Brain, /.c.). Mounted specimens broadly oboval,
tapering posteriorly with dorsal dermis of postsoma very slightly chitinized at matur-
ity. Anal and marginal cerarii absent. Anal lobes each provided on ventral side with
a short stout seta. Multilocular disc pores absent. Tubular ducts very short with
chitinized walls ; inner end membranous, dome-shaped. They occur on both sides
of body and are more numerous on last abdominal segments. Trilocular pores
distributed on either side of body; a few crowded near each stigmatic opening.
Circular disc pores lacking. Posterior dorsal ostioles rather prominent, with lips

1 Afrikaans name of Grewta occidentalis L.

—

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 83

Fic. 2. Gvrewiacoccus gregalis Brain

ENTOM. 7, 3.

84 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

membranous ; anterior ones not recognizable. Circulus absent. Legs small; hind
coxae broadly enlarged forming an irregularly shaped plate marked by numerous
small and slightly chitinized areas. Numerous short stoutly lanceolate setae arranged
dorsally all around anal ring ; on preceding segments they tend to be fewer and smaller ;
on prosoma they are still more widely scattered. Ventral setae small and slender,
not numerous. Antennae with six joints. Anal ring entire, with six small setae.

Natalensis fulleri Brain
(Text-fig. 3)
Natalensis fulleri Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 91.

Four slides were available, two with larvae and two containing a single specimen
in very poor condition ; both being very old adults, partly broken, distorted and
attacked by fungi. All slides were marked: “ 43, C.K.B.” which is the serial number
of Brain’s collection. The material was originally “ collected on the roots of grass
in the nests of a small red ant in the Botanic Gardens, Pietermaritzburg, Natal
by Mr. Claude Fuller, 1910.” (Brain, /.c.).

‘“‘ Adult female entirely enclosed in a double-walled cyst. Cyst: outer cyst may
attain 9g mm. long by 5 mm. broad, dark-coloured owing to adherent soil ; brittle
when dry ... Inner cyst pale buff-coloured. This has the appearance of being
more loosely constructed. The outer shape and size are those of the interior of the
outer cyst, from which it separates readily ... Adult female (from dry material),
after boiling in KOH dark brown in colour, broadly elliptical, 4 mm. long and 4-5 mm.
broad, convex above and flat beneath.” (Brain, /.c.). Body of mounted specimens
very broadly elliptical with dermis slightly chitinized at full maturity. Cerarii
recognizable only on anal lobes, each being built up by two short and stout setae
surrounded by a few trilocular pores. Area about setae not chitinized. Ventral
side of each anal lobe without apical seta. Multilocular disc pores, tubular ducts,
tritubular ducts and circular disc pores absent. Trilocular pores few and widely
scattered on both side of body. Anterior and posterior dorsal ostioles, circulus and
ventral cephalic plate absent. Anal ring entire, with six setae. Antennae with six
joints, devoid of any falcate sensory seta. Legs very small with tarsal digitules
finely pointed ; ungual ones slightly knobbed at apex. Body setae few, slender and
widely distributed on either side.

Pseudococcus bantu Brain
(Text-fig. 4)
Pseudococcus bantu Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 137.

Four slides each with a single adult female in fairly good condition were seen. They
bore the following label: “‘ Phenacoccus bantu Brain; grass; P.m. burg, N.?:
Nov. 1914; paratype; Char. K. Brain; 34, C.K.B.”’ Another slide contained ova
and larvae only.

1 Abbreviation for Pietermaritzburg, Natal.

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 85

Fic. 3. Natalensis fulleri Brain

86 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Pseudococcus bantu Brain

Fic. 4.

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 87

“ Ovisac : large clusters of irregular white ovisacs were found at the bases of the
leaves and on the crowns of grass ... Adult female: small, orange in colour,
with a very slight covering of powdery secretion, but without lateral or caudal
filaments ... Mounted specimens average 2:3 mm. long by 1-8 mm. broad.”
(Brain, /.c.).

The following redescription is made from specimens collected by E. C. G. Bedford
on roots of grass at Klaserie, Transvaal, South Africa, on 20.iv.1955, which were
compared with Brain’s paratypes.

Body elliptical, membranous. Margin of body with a complete series of eighteen
pairs of cerarii each with two small conical spines, except one or two cerarii of thorax
which at times are reduced to one spine only and the interantennal pair which is
often provided with three spines. Each cerarius anterior to anal lobe ones is beset by
a group of three to seven trilocular pores; auxiliary setae missing. Anal lobe
cerarii each with a loose group of trilocular pores and one to three small auxiliary
setae ; area about spines not chitinized. Ventral side of each anal lobe with a robust
apical seta, distinctly longer than those of anal ring ; subapical seta about half the
length of apical one ; chitinized bar absent. Multilocular disc pores of usual type
rather abundant on ventral side of last five abdominal segments, mostly arranged
in transverse rows along distal margin. Other multilocular disc pores slightly larger
than normal ones, set in groups of two or three—seldom four. Each cluster of pores
has associated one to four tubular ducts with oral collar, one which is always
smaller and set on middle. On dorsum these clusters of pores are numerous and on
thorax and abdomen they are arranged in transverse segmental rows; on ventral
side they mostly occur on thorax and first two abdominal segments and on marginal
area of remaining abdominal segments. Quinquelocular pores present only on median
and submedian areas of venter, not abundant. Tubular ducts all with one rim, and
except for those associated with clusters of large multilocular disc pores, crowded
along ventral marginal area of last four abdominal segments anterior to anal lobes
and intermingled with normal multilocular disc pores. Trilocular pores not very
numerous andevenly distributed. Circular disc pores somewhat smaller than trilocular
pores and scattered on either side of body. Dorsal setae very small, spiniform ;
ventral ones much longer and slender. Anterior and posterior dorsal ostioles not
prominent, lips membranous with a few trilocular pores and small setae. Circulus
transversely elongate, membranous. Legs well developed, rather stout, with a
few translucent pores on hind tibia ; claw with a small denticle ; ungual digitules
slightly knobbed, tarsal ones finely pointed. Antennae with nine joints.

Pseudococcus bechuanae Brain
(Text-fig. 5)
Pseudococcus bechuanae, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 108.
Two sides were studied, each containing a single specimen, partly distorted,
labelled: “‘ Pseudococcus bechuanae Br.; on Geranium; Vryburg, Bechuanaland,
aeen.tor4; ©. Kh. Brain; B. 53; C.K.B."*

1 In the original paper the date is 3.xii.1914. Evidently there has been a mistake on labelling the
slides, as all other collecting data are identical.

88 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

° *
te e{elje

e be\e .

Fig. 5. Pseudococcus bechuanae Brain

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 89

“The specimens had been badly shaken in the post, but it was clear that large
patches of the stem had been completely covered with ovisacs. The white secretion
appeared powdery rather than cottony. The females embedded in this were pinkish
in colour when young, but purplish in older specimens. There were no lateral
filaments, and only two short, blunt, caudal ones. The female when adult reaches
approximately 3 mm. in length.” (Brain, /.c.). Mounted specimens elongate elliptical,
membranous. Margin of body provided with anal and preanal cerarii only. Each
of them built up with two conical spines surrounded by a small group of trilocular
pores and a few slender auxiliary setae ; area about spines not chitinized. Ventral
side of each anal lobe without chitinized bar ; apical seta robust, somewhat shorter
than those of anal ring; subapical seta much shorter. Multilocular disc pores
rather few and arranged in five groups on ventral side of last abdominal segments.
The number of pores in one specimen was as follows: (v) 6; (vi) 18; (vii) 21;
(vili) 29; (ix + x) 28. A few multilocular disc pores occur on dorsal side of three
abdominal segments anterior to anal one. Tubular ducts with oral rim fairly numerous
on dorsum and a few scattered along marginal and submarginal areas of abdomen.
Tubular ducts with oral collar arranged in four or five groups on ventral marginal
area of last abdominal segments anterior to anal lobes ; others distributed in irregular
rows in association with dorsal and ventral multilocular disc pores. Trilocular pores
rather numerous and uniformly distributed on both sides of body. Circular disc
pores apparently absent. Anterior and posterior dorsal ostioles inconspicuous, lips
membranous with a small grouping of trilocular pores and a few small setae. Circulus
absent. Legs well developed, without translucent pores. Ventral and dorsal body
setae very small and slender. Antennae 8-jointed with a pseudoarticulation on
apical joint.?

Pseudococcus burnerae Brain
(Text-fig. 6)

Pseudococcus burnerae Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afy. 5: 111.
Pseudococcus simulator James, 1933, Bull. ent. Res, 24: 434 (SYN. NOV.).

A fairly long series of specimens from the typical material originally studied by
Brain was available. The slides were as follows: four with altogether twelve speci-
mens labelled: “‘ Pseudococcus burnerae Brain ; on Sida longipes; Pretoria: Oct.
II, 1914; Char. K. Brain; B. 45, C.K.B.” Two more slides of this series contained
only eggs, larvae and adult males. Two slides each with a single specimen marked
only with the serial number “ B. 50, C.K.B.” Three slides with altogether twelve
specimens also marked with the serial number only ‘‘ 66, C.K.B.’’. Three slides
each with a single specimen labelled : ‘‘ Pseudococcus burnerae Brain ; on granadilla ;

1 Pseudococcus bechuanae is so close to lounsburyi that a careful and detailed study of a long series
of specimens of both species might lead to the conclusion that they are actually synonyms or at most
that they represent only forms of the same systematic species. As far as it can be presumed from the
structures of the paratypes of both species and from supplementary material of Jounsburyi examined up
to present, bechuanae differs from lounsburyi by having the tubular ducts of oral collar type confined to
the abdominal segments, while in /ownsburyi they extend as far as the head.

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

2?
>“ eer
? .

: Worn

Fic. 6, Pseudococcus burnevae Brain

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA og1

Pretoria: Dec. 1914; paratypes; 66a, C.K.B.” Seven more slides with eighteen
specimens labelled : ‘‘ Pseudococcus burnerae Brain ; Foxslave; Pretoria: 10.1.1915 ;
Char. K. Brain; 47a, C.K.B.” were also seen, although they do not belong to the
typical series.

“ Adult females with ovisacs usually aggregated in compact masses on the under-
side of the leaves of the various host plants. The ovisacs are white, cottony, generally
more or less spherical when complete, but the exact contour often obscured by the
crowding of many together. The adult female is generally visible on top of the
ovisac, the sides of which are raised around the insect. It therefore looks as though
it had been pushed into the soft cottony mass. In other cases the insect is found
at one side of the ovisac, which protrudes behind and below it, giving a decided
Pulvinaria effect ... The adult female is so densely covered with white, powdery
secretion that the general body colour is entirely obscured. The colour impression
conveyed, however, is grey—perhaps slightly purplish or brown. There is no median,
dorsal, clear patch as in citvi. All filaments are slender except the two caudal ones,
which are more delicate than those of citvi. The caudal filaments may attain one-third
the length of the body. The lateral ones are similar to those of capensis in that they
are shortest at the anterior end, and gradually increase in length towards the posterior
extremity. When mounted the adult female is about 2-5 mm. long and 1-5 mm.
broad.”’ (Brain, /.c.).

The following redescription is based on a series of twelve specimens collected in
Pretoria on 16.vii.1954 on Caralluma caudata N. E. Br. by Dr. H. K. Munro, which
were compared with the Brain’s paratypes.

Outline of mounted specimens elliptical. Margin of body with seventeen pairs of
cerarii. Anal lobe cerarii each built up with two conical spines beset with a small
group of trilocular pores and four or five short auxiliary setae ; area about cerarian
spines not chitinized. Each of remaining cerarii also with two spines somewhat
shorter, except frontal (xvii) and ocular (xvi) each of which have three—occasionally
four—spines ; each cerarius is surrounded by five to eight trilocular pores without
auxiliary setae. Ventral side of anal lobes each with an ill-bordered slightly chitinized
bar; apical seta robust, distinctly longer than those of anal ring; subapical one
much shorter. Multilocular disc pores distributed in five groups on ventral side
of last abdominal segments as follows: (v) 12-19; (vi) 15-21; (vii) 15-20; (viii)
22-26; (ix + x) 15-24. On segments anterior to genital opening they are arranged
in transverse rows along distal margin of segment involved. Dorsal tubular ducts with
oral rim few ; one duct is normally associated with each abdominal cerarius anterior
to anal lobe and one duct is always present near each frontal cerarius; one duct
on median area of first to third abdominal segments anterior to anal one ; occasional-
ly a few ducts are interpolated on median or submedian areas of thorax. Ventral
tubular ducts with oral collar crowded all along marginal area ; a few are associated
with ventral multilocular disc pores. Trilocular pores not numerous and evenly
distributed. Circular disc pores smaller than trilocular pores, very few on both sides
of body. Dorsal setae few, all short and slender; ventral ones much longer and
more abundant. Anterior and posterior dorsal ostioles rather inconspicuous with
lips membranous. Circulus rather variable in size, normally small, roundish or

ENTOM. 7, 3. 4§§

92 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

elongate, with surface smooth. Legs well developed with some translucent pores on
hind coxa, femur and tibia. Antennae with eight joints.

In our paper dealing with the Pseudococcidae described by H. C. James from East
Africa (De Lotto, 1957) we sunk Pseudococcus simulator James as a synonym of
muraltiae Brain. In that action we assumed the occurrence of a circulus in Brain’s
paratype of muraltiae studied in London, but examination of further specimens
showed that it is not present in the species. After examining one more paratype of
muraltiae and the long series of slides of burnerae above listed, in the collection of
the Department of Agriculture in Pretoria, we came to the conclusion that in these
two species, which are structurally very similar, the only reliable character on which
they depart is the circulus, which in muraltiae is entirely missing, whilst in burnerae
is always present, as is the case in simulator. Therefore Pseudococcus simulator
James is now synonymized with burnerae instead of muraltiae. In simulator the
dorsal tubular ducts with oral rim tend to be fewer than in typical burnerae, but in
all other respects they are identical.

Pseudococcus caffra Brain
(Text-fig. 7)
Pseudococcus caffra Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 138.

One single slide marked with the serial number of Brain’s collection “ 41, C.K.B.”
was seen. It contained two specimens originally mounted without having been
boiled in KOH or cleaned of the body content. In one specimen both antennae
were partly broken away.

Adult female ‘‘ appeared to have made elongate ovisacs which had been crushed
or broken in transit. There was no cottony material present, but rather a dense,
powdery secretion. The adult female is orange-brown in colour except at the extre-
mities, which are decidedly pinkish. The largest specimen seen measured 2:4 mm.
in length. Mounted specimens average 1-8 mm. in length and 0-8 mm. broad.”
(Brain, /.c.). Mounted specimens very elongate elliptical, membranous. Marginal
and anal lobe cerarii entirely missing. Ventral side of anal lobes each with a robust
apical seta, somewhat longer than those of anal ring; chitinized bar absent. Multi-
locular disc pores of usual type very numerous on ventral side of last four abdominal
segments ; on three segments anterior to genital opening they are arranged in trans-
verse rows near distal margin; other pores are scattered on either side of body. |
Other larger multilocular disc pores having twenty or more small loculi are fairly
abundant on dorsum and on marginal area of abdomen. Tubular ducts with oral
collar few on ventral side of last five abdominal segments. Trilocular pores absent.
Circular disc pores small, few and scattered on both sides of body. Dorsal setae,
few, very short, spiniform ; ventral setae more abundant and much longer. Anterior
dorsal ostioles not recognizable ; posterior ones small, with lips membranous. Circulus
absent. Legs long and slender with ungual digitules knobbed ; tarsal ones finely
pointed ; tibiae of hind legs with a few translucent pores ; claw without denticle.
In the specimen in which the antennae were intact, both were 8-jointed. ©

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 93

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6x. © °

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Fic. 7. Pseudococcus caffra Brain

94 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Pseudococcus capensis Brain (= Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn))
Pseudococcus capensis Brain, 1912, Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 5: 182.

This species was synonymized with Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) by Joubert
in 1928. A re-examination of some of Brain’s types fully supports this action.

Pseudococcus citri phenacocciformis Brain (= Planococcus citri (Risso))
Pseudococeus citvi phenacocciformis Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 116.

Recently Ezzat & McConnell (1956) recognized this variety as identical with Plano-
coccus citri (Risso) with which they synonymized it. Two of Brain’s types were seen
by us and we agree with Ezzat & McConnell’s opinion.

Pseudococcus elisabethae Brain (= Pseudococcus quaesitus Brain)
Pseudococcus elisabethae Brain, 1915, Tvans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 126. .

One slide was seen containing four young adult females, three of which in rather
poor condition. It was labelled: “‘ Pseudococcus rhenosterbosi Brain ; on rhenoster-
bosch ; Newlands, C.P.: Jan. 17, 1915; paratype; B. 58, C.K.B.” Although the
specific name on the label is different from that published by Brain, there are no
doubts that the specimens actually belong to elisabethae inasmuch as the collection
data and serial number are exactly the same as those reported in his original paper.

Pseudococcus elisabethae is structurally identical wih quaesitus described by Brain
in the same paper and with which it is here synonymized, guaesitus having page
precedence. Brain’s diagnosis of elisabethae was based on a series of very young
adult females,

Pseudococcus flagrans Brain
(Text-fig. 8)
Pseudococcus flagrans Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afy. 5: 140.

Three slides containing altogether five specimens in rather good condition were
seen. All slides were marked with the serial number of Brain’s collection: ‘69,
C.K.B.”

“ Adult female: elongate, parallel-sided, about 4 mm. long, bright pink to flesh-
coloured. No lateral filaments were observed, but in two cases short caudal ones
were present, while one insect indicated that there may, in certain cases, be four
caudal filaments instead of two ... Females ... up to 4 mm. in length.”
(Brain, /.c.). Mounted specimens elongate elliptical, membranous. Margin of body
with fifteen to seventeen pairs of cerarii. Anal lobe and preanal lobe cerarii each
provided with two slender slightly lanceolate spines. Antepenultimate cerarii
each with one or two spines smaller than those of anal lobes. Remaining cerarii
each with a single spine ; the spines tending to be progressively smaller anteriorly.
Area about cerarian spines not chitinized ; auxiliary setae absent. Apical seta of

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA _ 95

Fic. 8. Pseudococcus flagrans Brain

96 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

each anal lobe long and robust; dorsal chitinized bar absent. Multilocular disc
pores of usual type abundantly distributed all over body and particularly numerous
on ventral side of last four abdominal segments. Larger multilocular disc pores
represented by a type with five loculi, seldom with four. They are numerous on
both sides of body, particularly so on dorsum and marginal area of venter. Tubular
ducts very small with inner portion somewhat chitinized, rather numerous on either
side of body. Circular disc pores small, not abundant and scattered on venter and
dorsum. Trilocular pores entirely absent. Ventral and dorsal setae long, robust
and fairly numerous. Anterior and posterior dorsal ostioles rather inconspicuous,
lips membranous. Circuli four, circular or nearly so in shape, with surface membranous,
rim thick and heavily chitinized. First two circuli about same diameter, third one
smaller ; the posterior one smaller still and about half the size of anteriors. Legs
all well developed with a dentical on claw ; tarsal digitules finely pointed, ungual
ones knobbed at apex. No translucent pores were seen on hind legs of specimens
examined. Antennae with nine joints. Anal ring entire with six robust setae distinctly
shorter than apical seta of anal lobes.

Pseudococcus fragilis Brain

Pseudococcus fragilis Brain, 1912, Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 5: 186.
Pseudococcus gahani Green, 1915, Ent. mon. Mag. 51: 179.

At page 351 of his book College Entomology, Essig (1942) recorded Pseudococcus
gahant Green, I915 as a.synonym of P. fragilis Brain, 1912, without giving any
indication how he came to this conclusion or on whose authority it was based. In
recent correspondence received from Mr. C. J. Joubert of the Stellenbosch-Elsenburg
Agricultural College, Stellenbosch, South Africa, we have been informed that several
years ago he studied the identity of fragilis and gahamt which he recognized structurally
identical. According to him, in 1933 he communicated his finding to Essig who
apparently took for granted that by the time his text-book was issued Joubert
would have published the result of his investigation, which he has not done.

Independently we came to the same conclusion when at the British Museum
(Natural History), London, we compared types or paratypes of both species.

Pseudococcus lounsburyi Brain
Pseudococcus lounsburyi Brain, 1912, Amn. ent. Soc. Amer. 5: 179.

Two slides were available. One with a single specimen, the other with five, all
rather young adult females with many setae and cerarian spines broken away and
partly attacked by fungi. Both slides bore the following label: ‘‘ Pseudococcus
lounsburyi Brain; paratype; but setae of anal lobes lacking; on Agapanthus
sp.; Kenilworth, S.A.: 14.ix.1910.”

Two excellent redescriptions of this species were recently published by Ferris
(in Zimmerman, 1948; Ferris, 1950). On some remarks on the species contained
in the Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America, it is pointed out that according to
Morrison’s opinion the specimens from Hawaii determined by Ferris as lounsburyi

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA _ 097

and used for diagnosis and figure, although very close to it, would not belong to that
species in view of a noticeable difference in the number of multilocular disc pores
occurring on the ventral side of the abdominal segments. Besides the paratypes
above mentioned, at the British Museum (Natural History), London, we examined
another slide of the same typical series, and supplementary specimens are at hand
from South Africa on Agapanthus sp. and on bulbs of Narcissus sp. as well as from
Kenya also on Agapanthus sp. We are prepared to accept the insect redescribed by
Ferris as lounsburyi, since the number of multilocular disc pores in the species in
question is variable and occasionally a few occur even on the dorsum of the last
two or three segments anterior to the anal one. Even the number of tubular ducts
with oral rim is rather variable.

Pseudococcus mallyi Brain
(Text-fig. 9)
Pseudococcus mallyi Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 120.

The material examined was represented by two slides containing altogether
three specimens in fairly good condition, labelled: ‘‘ Pseudococcus mallii! Brain ;
on grass ; Rosebank, C.P.; Nov. 25,1914; paratype; Char. K. Brain ; 32, C.K.B.”
Four other slides not belonging to the typical material, although marked with the
same serial number of Brain’s collection, were seen. They bore the following label :
“ Pseudococcus mallyi Brain; on grass; Rosebank Exp. Sta.: May 10, 1915;
Bet CRs 3a,C.KB,”’

“No definite ovisac was seen, but adult females and young were clustered in a
white powdery secretion in the leaf sheaths ... + The adult is bright rose-pink
in colour, some specimens being uniformly covered with white powder. There were
no traces of filaments of any kind. Legs and antennae colourless. The insect is
exceptionally long and narrow, mounted specimens averaging 2:16 mm. long by
0-75 mm. broad.” (Brain, /.c.). Body very elongate elliptical, membranous. Cerarii
recognizable only on last three or four abdominal segments. Anal lobe cerarii each
with two rather long slender spines of different size. On each of preceding cerarii
spines tend to be more slender and set apart each other. Cerarii on third segment
anterior to anal lobes at times represented by a single spine. All cerarii without
auxiliary setae or grouping of trilocular pores; area about spines not chitinized.
Ventral side of each anal lobe without chitinized bar ; apical seta robust and longer
than those of anal ring ; subapical one much shorter. Multilocular disc pores rather
numerous and distributed on either side of body ; on ventral side of two segments
anterior to genital opening several pores are crowded in transverse rows along distal
margin. Trilocular and quinquelocular pores entirely absent. Tubular ducts of
oral collar type very short, not numerous and distributed on venter and dorsum
without any peculiar arrangement. Circular disc pores few and scattered on both
sides of body. Dorsal setae very short, spiniform, rather few ; ventral setae more
numerous and much longer. Anterior dorsal ostioles absent ; posterior ones incon-

1 Evidently a pen slip for mailyi,

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Pseudococcus mallyi Brain

Fic.

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA _ 99

spicuous with lips membranous and without trilocular glands or setae. Circulus
missing. Legs all well developed with a small denticle on claw; tarsal digitules
finely pointed ; ungual ones knobbed at apex. Antennae with eight short and stout
joints. Anal ring entire with six robost setae.

Pseudococcus mirabilis Brain
(Text-fig. 10)
Pseudococcus mirabilis Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afy. 5: 121.

Four slides of which three containing a single specimen and one with five specimens
were available. Two slides were labelled: ‘‘ Pseudococcus mirabilis Br.; on!;
Ceres, C.P.; Oct. 1898; B. 54; C.K.B.’’ Remaining two slides marked only
“ Pseudococcus mirabilis ; B. 54, C.K.B.’”’ All specimens were adult females in very
poor condition, partly broken and badly distorted.

“ The ovisacs are creamy-white or slightly buff-coloured, and are aggregated on
the leaf-cluster bases in conspicuous masses ... The adult is apparently vivi-
parous ... When fully distended it is no more than 1-5 mm. long.” (Brain,
l.c.). Mounted specimens elongate to very broadly elliptical with dermis membranous.
Marginal cerarii present only on last three—occasionally four—abdominal segments.
Each cerarius is formed by two stout conical spines surrounded by many tubular
ducts, without any grouping of trilocular pores; auxiliary setae absent; area
about cerarian spines not chitinized. Third cerarius anterior to anal lobe one, when
present, reduced to a single spine. Ventral side of each anal cerarius with a robust
apical seta about same size as those of anal ring ; chitinized bar absent. Multilocular
disc pores arranged in five ventral groups. The number of pores in one specimen was
as follows: (v) 17; (vi) 25; (vii) 26; (viii) 27; (ix + x) 29. On segments anterior
to genital opening they are set in fairly linear transverse rows along distal margin.
A few pores are scattered on dorsum of abdomen. Tubular ducts with oral collar
of two different sizes. Large ones set in groups on ventral and dorsal marginal
areas as far as head ; a few others arranged on dorsum along distal margin of abdomi-
nal segments anterior to anal lobes. Tubular ducts of smaller size occurring in trans-
verse irregular rows on either side of abdomen ; others scattered all over body.
Trilocular pores very few and uniformly distributed. Circular disc pores about half
the size of trilocular pores, few and scattered on dorsum and venter. Dorsal and ventral
setae about same size, all rather short, stout to very stout, not numerous; a few
setae on dorsum of last abdominal segments similar in shape and size to those of
marginal cerarii. Anterior dorsal ostioles not recognizable ; posterior ones fairly
prominent with lips membranous and provided with a few small setae and trilocular
pores. Circulus absent. Legs well developed, with some translucent pores on hind
femur and coxa; claw without denticle; ungual and tarsal digitules apically
knobbed. Anal ring V-shaped with six setae. Antennae 7-jointed with a pseudo-
articulation on apical joint.

1 The name of the host plant is omitted, According to the original description it is Borbonia cordata

too THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Fic. 10. Pseudococcus mirabilis Brain

i ——

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA to1

Pseudococcus muraltiae Brain
(Text-fig. 11)
Pseudococcus muraltiae Brain, 1912, Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 5: 184.

Two slides were seen in Pretoria, one of which containing larvae; the second
with a single specimen distorted and partly broken labelled: ‘‘ Pseudococcus
muraltiae Brain; on Muraltia heisteria; Newlands: 22.x.1910; paratype;
52, C.K.B.”” Another slide with two specimens bearing the same collecting data was
previously examined at the British Museum (Natural History), London.

“ Adult female: small; largest specimens, with completed ovisac, was I-g mm.
long by 1-13 mm. broad, slatey-grey in colour ; waxy secretion scant but segmenta-
tion conspicuous. Lateral appendages were absent but usually four caudal ones
present.”” (Brain, /.c.). Body of mounted specimens rather broadly elliptical,
membranous. Margin of body with seventeen pairs of cerarii. Anal lobe cerarii
each with two moderately robust conical spines beset by few trilocular pores and
four to six small slender auxiliary setae. Area about spines not chitinized. Each
of remaining cerarii with two spines which tend to be more slender anteriorly, where
they attain about same size and shape as dorsal setae ; each cerarius is surrounded
by a group of two to five trilocular pores without auxiliary setae; one or two
thoracic cerarii reduced to a single spine. Ventral side of each anal lobe without
chitinized bar; apical seta robust, longer than those of anal ring ; subapical one
much shorter. Multilocular disc pores few, occurring on ventral side of last five
abdominal segments. The number of pores in one specimen was as follows: (v) 3;
(vi) 19; (vil) 17; (viii) 45; (ix + x) 16. On segments anterior to genital opening
they are arranged in transverse rows along distal margin only. Ventral tubular
ducts with oral collar not numerous and mostly distributed on marginal area of
last five or six abdominal segments ; a few occur on median and submedian areas
in association with multilocular disc pores. Dorsal tubular ducts with oral rim very
few. One duct is normally associated with each frontal cerarius and one with each
preanal cerarius; two or three occasionally occur on thorax and one on median area
of preanal segment. Trilocular pores not abundant but evenly distributed. Circular
disc pores noticeably smaller than trilocular pores, very few and scattered. Ventral
setae moderately long and slender; dorsal ones much shorter. Circulus absent.
Anteriorand posterior dorsal ostiolesinconspicuous withlipsmembranous and provided
with two or three small setae and a few trilocular pores. Legs well developed but
rather short with a few translucent pores on hind coxa. Antennae with eight joints.

The synonymy of Pseudococcus simulator James with muraltiae published in our
previous paper (De Lotto, 1957) has to be rejected because in muraltiae the circulus
is absent. P. simulator is instead a synonym of burnerae as pointed out in our notes
on dealing with that species.

Pseudococcus natalensis Brain (= Nipaecoccus graminis (Maskell)
Pseudococcus natalensis Brain, 1915, Tvans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 100.

We have been kindly informed by Dr. D. J. Williams of the Commonwealth
Institute of Entomology, London, that this species is identical with Nzpaecoccus

1io2 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

sr
-<

Fic. 11. Pseudococcus muraltiae Brain

—

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 103

graminis (Maskell). Recently he examined type material of Maskell’s species and this
new synonymy is dealt with in his paper on Pseudococcidae described by Maskell,
Cockerell, Newstead and Green from the Ethiopian region (1958).

Pseudococcus nitidus Brain
(Text-fig. 12)
Pseudococcus nitidus Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 143.

The material examined was represented by six slides, three of which each contained
a single specimen labelled : “‘ Pseudococcus nitidus Brain ; on Acacia caffra ; Pretoria:
Nov. 1914; paratype; 39, C.K.B.” All specimens were in very poor condition,
distorted and partly broken, having been mounted from dry material. The remaining
three slides contained only larvae and males.

“The ovisacs ... are closely felted, smooth, and in the majority of cases
have the shape and approximate size of an adult insect, being about 3 mm. long and
so smoothly felted on the exterior as to look like a piece of white kid ... Adult
female 2°5 mm. long, translucent brown in colour; legs and antennae of the same
colour. No waxy secretion and no filaments except two extremely short caudal ones
which appear as two white specks.”’ (Brain, /.c.). Body of mounted specimens
rather elongate elliptical with anal lobes strongly developed ; dermis at maturity
membranous. Margin of body with only five pairs of cerarii on last abdominal
segments. Anal lobe cerarii each formed with two small conical spines set apart from
each other, without auxiliary setae or grouping of trilocular pores; area about
spines clear. Remaining cerarii each with two spines which tend to be smaller and
more widely separate from each other anteriorly; on fourth cerarius anterior
to the anal lobe one they attain shape and size of dorsal setae. Ventral side of each
anal lobe with a long and robust apical seta and a much shorter subapical one ;
chitinized bar absent. Multilocular disc pores few and present only on ventral side
of last three abdominal segments. The number of pores in one specimen was as follows:
(vii) II; (viii) 24; (ix +x) 32. On segments (vii) and (viii) they are arranged in
transverse rows along distal margin only. Tubular ducts with oral collar very few
on ventral side of last abdominal segments, mostly in association with multilocular
disc pores. Tubular ducts with oral rim very numerous on dorsum and extending
all along marginal area of venter. Quinquelocular pores fairly abundant on median
and submedian areas of venter except on segment posterior to genital opening, where
they are missing. Trilocular pores not numerous and evenly distributed. Circular
disc pores apparently absent. Anterior and posterior dorsal ostioles not detected.
Circulus absent. Legs long and rather slender, with a small denticle on claw ; ungual
digitules knobbed at apex; tarsal ones finely pointed; no translucent pores on hind
legs. Anal ring of Pseudococcid type, with six setae. Stigmatic openings unusually
large. Dorsal setae rather few, small, spiniform ; ventral ones longer and slender.
Antennae formed by nine long slender joints.

10o4 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Fic. 12. Pseudococcus nitidus Brain

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 105

Pseudococcus quaesitus Brain
(Text-fig. 13)

Pseudococcus quaesitus Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 : 123.
Pseudococcus elisabethae Brain, 1915, Tvans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 126 (SYN. NOV.).
Pseudococcus trichiliae Brain, 1915, Tvans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 131 (SYN. NOV.).

The material available consisted on one slide labelled: ‘“‘ larvae of Pseudococcus
quaesitus Brain ; Pretoria: Nov. 1914; larvae ; 60, C.K.B.’’; another slide labelled:
“ of Pseudococcus quaesitus Brain; Pretoria; 3 paratype; gf 60; Nov. 16,
1914.” Six more slides were marked with the serial number “60, C.K.B.” one of
which with larvae only ; the remaining five slides contained altogether eleven old
adult females. Three more slides with altogether nine old adult females bore the follow-
ing data: “‘ Pseudococcus quaesitus Brain; Acacia horrida; Grahamstown: Jan.
1899 ; dry material; 63”’.

‘““ The ovisacs are often collected into masses which remind one of Ps. filamentosus
Ckll., but present a pinkish tinge rather than yellow or greyish. Seen singly as in
cavities in tree-trunks, the ovisacs are usually more or less button-shaped, with
straight vertical sides and a rounded top. The largest observed measured approxi-
mately 3 mm.in diameter ... Adult female may reach 4 mm. in length, pinkish
coloured at first and later purplish, with dense, white, powdery secretion. Lateral
filaments short and fragile. Caudal filaments two in number, stout, may attain one
third the length of the body.” (Brain, /.c.). Body of mounted specimens elliptical.
Margin of body with a series of seventeen pairs of cerarli. Anal lobe cerarii each
formed by two conical spines surrounded by a small group of trilocular pores and a
few slender auxiliary setae ; area about spines not chitinized. Remaining cerarii each
with two spines which tend to be noticeably more slender anteriorly. Each cerarius is
associated with a grouping of a few trilocular pores but no auxiliary setae. Ventral
side of each anal lobe with a robust apical seta, longer than those of anal ring ; subapical
seta very short; chitinized bar absent. Multilocular disc pores rather few and
arranged in five groups on ventral side of last abdominal segments. The number of
pores in one specimen was as follows: (v) 24; (vi) 19; (vil) 21; (vili) 29; (ix + x)
21. On segments anterior to genital opening they are set in transverse rows along
distal margin. Tubular ducts with oral collar set in five or six small groups on ventral
marginal area of abdomen. Tubular ducts with oral rim fairly numerous on dorsum
and a few on venter on marginal and submarginal areas of thorax. Trilocular pores
moderately numerous and uniformly distributed on both sides of body. Circular
disc pores apparently absent. Dorsal setae short ; ventral ones longer but slender,
in either case not numerous. Anterior and posterior dorsal ostioles well developed
with lips membranous having some trilocular pores and a few short setae. Circulus
absent. Legs well developed, robust, with a few translucent pores on hind femur.
Anal ring normal, with six setae. Antennae 8-jointed, at times with a pseudoarticu-
lation on apical joint.

Pseudococcus elisabethae and trichiliae described by Brain in the same paper are
synonyms of quaesitus.

106 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Fic. 13. Pseudococcus quaesitus Brain

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 107

Pseudococcus segnis Brain
(Text-fig. 14)
Pseudococcus segnis Brain, 1915, Tvans. voy Soc. S. Afr. 5: 145.

One slide with a-single very old adult female in fairly good condition was made
available from the U.S. National collection of Coccidae, Washington, D.C. It bore
the following data: ‘‘ Pseudococcus segnis Brain; Stellenbosch: 17.xii.1914;
B. 55, C.K.B.” Although the collecting data is not exactly the same recorded in
Brain’s paper, that is 13th December, 1914, the serial number is identical and we
can assume that the specimen acually belongs to the original type series.

“ Adult female: the four specimens range from 2:8 to 3-4 mm. in length, and are
dark olivaceous-green in colour. There are no lateral or caudal filaments, and only
a slight trace of white secretion, the insects appearing rather greasy or slug-like.
This absence of secretion may be due to shaking in transit.’’ (Brain, /.c.). Body
elliptical with eighteen pairs of cerarii. Anal lobe cerarii each apparently formed
by two spines! surrounded by eight to ten trilocular pores ; auxiliary setae absent ;
area about spines not chitinized. Remaining cerarii each provided with two small
and slender conical spines which on most anterior pairs are not differentiated from
setae of dorsum. Each cerarius is beset by five to eight trilocular pores. Ventral
side of each anal lobe without chitinized bar; apical seta about as long as those
of anal ring ; subapical one shorter. Multilocular disc pores, tubular ducts and circular
disc pores entirely absent. Trilocular pores fairly abundant and uniformly distributed.
Dorsal setae few and very small, spiniform ; ventral setae also few but much longer.
Anterior and posterior dorsal ostioles well developed, lips membranous with many
trilocular pores and a few minute setae. Circulus absent. Legs normal with a denticle
on claw ; ungual and tarsal digitules apparently pointed ; hind legs without trans-
lucent pores. Antennae g-jointed.

Pseudococcus socialis Brain
(Text-fig. 15)
Pseudococcus socialis Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 : 103.

Three slides, one with ova and two with altogether three specimens in fairly good
condition were seen. All were labelled: “‘ Pseudococcus solitarius sp. n.; Pretoria,
Union Buildings: 20.xi.1914; C.K.B.; on grass; C.K.B.; 52 B.”’ Even in this
instance the specific name under which the species was described does not agree with
that originally assigned on the type slides. Nevertheless there were no doubts
that the material belonged to soczalis as all collecting data and serial number are
exactly the same as this species referred by Brain in his paper.

“ Ovisac : an irregular mass of white cottony secretion, about 3 mm. in diameter

The adult female is elongate, of a purplish-brown colour, the whole body
being slightly powdered with white. There were no signs of lateral or caudal filaments
The average size of female insects (containing ova) when mounted is 1-7 mm,

1 In the specimens examined all cerarian spines of the anal lobes were broken away.

108 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Fic. 14. Pseudococcus segnis Brain

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 109

Fic. 15. Pseudococcus socialis Brain

110 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

long and o-8 mm. broad.” (Brain, /.c.). Body elongate elliptical, membranous. Margi-

-nal cerarii recognizable only on last two abdominal segments. Anal lobe cerarii
each with two rather slender conical spines beset by a few trilocular pores; area
about cerarian spines not chitinized; auxiliary setae absent. Preanal cerarii each
with two spines more slender and set somewhat apart from each other, without
grouping of trilocular pores or auxiliary setae. Ventral side of each anal lobe with
a robust apical seta noticeably longer than those of anal ring; subapical seta
much shorter; chitinized bar absent. Multilocular disc pores arranged in five
groups on ventral side of last abdominal segments. The number of pores in one
specimen was as follows: (v) 14; (vi) 35; (vii) 64; (vili) 75; (ix +x) 26. A few
pores scattered on marginal and submarginal ventral areas of thorax and head.
Dorsal tubular ducts with oral rim few. One occurring on median line of each
abdominal segment (iv) to (viii); one on marginal area of each abdominal and
thoracic segment ; a few more widely scattered. Tubular ducts with oral collar set
in transverse irregular rows on last abdominal segments in association with multi-
locular disc pores and a few widely scattered all over ventral side of body. Trilocular
pores not numerous and evenly distributed all over body. Circular disc pores about
same size as trilocular pores, having a granulate surface ; they are few and apparently
present only on ventral side of abdomen. Dorsal and ventral setae rather few,
slender. Anterior and posterior dorsal ostioles not prominent but with lips membran-
ous and with a grouping of a few trilocular pores and two to four minute setae.
Circulus small, rounded, with border fairly highly chitinized, set near basal margin
of fifth abdominal segment. Legs all short otherwise normal, with some translucent
pores. Antennae short, built up with seven joints.

Pseudococcus solitarius Brain (= Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell)) (SYN. NOV.)
Pseudococcus solitarius Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 104.

Three slides containing altogether six specimens, all badly distorted and broken
were examined. They bore the following label: ‘“‘ Pseudococcus solitarius sp. n.;
Transvaal, Pretoria and dist.: Sept.-Oct. 1914; C.K.B.; on thorn tree; C.K.B.,
65.’’ Carefully examined this species was found identical with Nipaecoccus vastator
(Maskell) with which it is synonymized.

Pseudococcus stelli Brain
(Text-fig. 16)
Pseudococcus stelli Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 146.

Of three slides seen, only one contained a single adult female in fairly good con-
dition. It was labelled: ‘‘ Pseudococcus stelli Brain; on Borbonia cordata Linn.;
Stellenbosch: Dec. 17, 1914; paratypes; B. 56, C.K.B.”’ The remaining two
slides contained males, larvae and ova only.

“Qvisac: the ovisacs are rounded masses of cottony material ... In form
they appear almost spherical ... The greatest diameter averages approximately
25 mm. ... The adult female is pale canary-yellow in colour, about 2 mm,

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 111

°
@ o,pro 00 2 2S 2
0° ° 7

—",
&
—_
°

2
Coo.

=
ww Se we we

Fic. 16. Pseudococcus stelli Brain

112 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

to 2:5 mm. long. The lateral filaments are very short, but distinct and gradually
increase in length posteriorly. The caudal ones, two in number, are also short,
about twice as long as the next pair, stout at the base and tapering towards the tip.”
(Brain, /.c.). Mounted specimens elliptical, membranous. Margin of body with a
complete series of eighteen pairs of cerarii. One of anal lobe cerarii was provided with
two conical spines ; opposite one with three ; both surrounded by a group of a few
trilocular pores; auxiliary setae missing; area about spines not chitinized. All
remaining cerarii each formed with two spines more slender than those of anal lobe
ones, beset by three to seven trilocular pores, without auxiliary setae. Ventral
side of each anal lobe with a robust apical seta longer than those of anal ring ; sub-
apical seta much shorter ; chitinized bar absent. Multilocular disc pores abundant
on both sides of body, particularly so on dorsum ; on abdomen they tend to be crowded
in transverse segmental rows along distal margin of last segments. Quinquelocular
pores rather few and scattered on median and submedian ventral areas of thorax
and first two abdominal segments. Trilocular pores not numerous and evenly
distributed. Circular disc pores apparently absent. Tubular ducts with oral rim
entirely missing. Tubular ducts with oral collar of two sizes. Small ones rather
few on ventral marginal area of all abdominal segments and in associatiation with
ventral abdominal multilocular disc pores. One—occasionally two—tubular ducts
of large size occur on dorsal and ventral marginal areas near each cerarius ; others
are scattered all over dorsum. Dorsal setae very short ; ventral ones much longer
but slender ; in neither case abundant. Anterior and posterior dorsal ostioles not
prominent, with lips membranous having a cluster of a few trilocular pores and two
to four small setae. Circulus may or may not be present because the area where
normally it occurs was broken away on specimen examined. Legs all well developed,
without translucent pores ; claw with a small denticle ; ungual digitules short and
knobbed apically ; tarsal ones finely pointed. Antennae with nine joints.

Pseudococcus stelli tylococciformis Brain
(= Pseudococcus stelli Brain) (SYN. NOV.)

Pseudococcus stelli tylococciformis Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 149.

This variety was described on a few specimens collected on the same twigs as
those attacked by P. stellt with which, according to Brain, they were identical
except that they were smaller and the marginal cerarii were inserted on small tubercles
a character peculiar to almost all species at the beginning of the adult stage. Although
no types, paratypes or else could be seen, we definitely regard this variety as based
on very young adult females of st¢el/i with which it is here synonymized.

Pseudococcus transvaalensis Brain

Pseudococcus transvaalensis Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 129.
Trionymus sanguineus James, 1936, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 85: 197 (SYN. NOV.).

The material of this species examined was as follows: six slides one of which
contained larvae and the remaining five with altogether nine specimens, all: marked

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 113

with Brain’s serial number “ B. 46, C.K.B.”’ Two other slides contained altogether
three specimens marked with the serial number only “ B. 47, C.K.B.” Four more
slides of which three with a single specimen and one with larvae, all labelled : ‘‘ Pseudo-
coccus transvaalensis Brain ; roots of cornflower; Pretoria; 27.xii.1914; C.K.B.;
B. 47a, C.K.B.” In the original paper the collecting data of these specimens is
reported as 28 Dec. 1914, which has to be explained as a pen slip made by Brain on
labelling the slides.

All above listed material was carefully compared with specimens of Trionymus
sanguineus James from Kenya and found structurally identical. The James species
which has been redescribed and illustrated in our previous paper (De Lotto, 1957) has
to be understood as a synonym of P. transvaalensis Brain.

Pseudococcus trichiliae Brain (= Pseudococcus quaesitus Brain)
Pseudococcus trichiliae Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afy. 5: 131.

Three slides containing altogether six specimens labelled: ‘‘ Pseudococcus
trichliae Brain ; on Trichila sp.; Durban, Natal; 27.x.1I914; paratypes; B. 51,
C.K.B.”” were seen.

This species is a synonym of P. quaesitus which Brain described in the same paper
on an earlier page. All paratypes of tvichiliae are large and very old adult females,
stucturally they cannot be differentiated from those of quaesitus.

Pseudococcus wachendorfiae Brain
(Text-fig. 17)
Pseudococcus wachendorfiae Brain, 1912, Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 5 : 183.

Two specimens were examined. One was labelled : “‘ Pseudococcus wachendorfiae
Brain; paratype; on Wachendorfia paniculata; Newlands Flats: 3.x.1910;
53. The second bore the following data: ‘‘ Pseudococcus wachendorfiae Brain ;
on Wachendorfia paniculata Lin.; Newlands Flats: 2.x.19g10; paratype; 53.”
Both paratypes were distorted, partly broken and with many body setae missing.

“ Ovisac: no definite ovisac was found, although where the adult female was
situated a definite white granular patch of waxy secretion was noticed on the plant.
Adult female : largest specimen found measured while alive 4-1 mm. long and 1-9
mm. broad. The body was finely covered with granular secretion, white, but
segmentation was still conspicuous. Lateral appendages of wax were absent, but
a short caudal tuft was generally noticeable.”’ (Brain, /.c.).

Mounted specimens elongate elliptical, membranous. Cerarii confined to a single
pair on anal lobes, each built up with two strong conical spines, beset by several
trilocular pores and a few robust auxiliary setae ; area about the spines not chitinized.
Ventral side of each anal lobe provided with a long robust apical seta, longer than
those of anal ring ; subapical one much shorter ; no chitinized bar. Multilocular
disc pores in three groups on ventral side of last abdominal segments. The number
of pores in one specimen was as follows: (vii) 15; (vili) 34; (ix+ x) 26. On

1144 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Fic. 17. Pseudococcus wachendorfiae Brain

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 115

segments anterior to genital opening they are arranged in transverse rows along
distal margin. Trilocular pores numerous all over body. Circular disc pores smaller
than trilocular pores and abundantly distributed on either side of body. Tubular
ducts with oral rim very numerous on dorsum and venter, except on last abdominal
segment where they are missing. Tubular ducts with oral collar few on ventral side
of abdominal segments only. Dorsal and ventral setae very numerous and unusually
long and robust. Anterior and posterior dorsal ostioles rather conspicuous, lips
membranous having a cluster of a few trilocular pores and small setae. Circulus
absent. Legs well developed ; hind tibiae with numerous small translucent pores.
Antennae with eight joints.

Puto (?) africanus Brain
(Text-fig. 18).
Puto (?) africanus Brain, 1915, Trans. voy. Soc. S. Afy. 5: 151.

One slide with two adult females in poor condition being very badly distorted was
made available from the U.S. National Collection of Coccidae, Washington, D.C.
The slide bore the following label: ‘‘ Puto africanus Brain ; on Tamarix articulata ;
Cape Town: Jan. 1898; paratype; B. 70, C.K.B.”

“ Adult female enclosed in a dense felted or papery sac, which is generally white
or yellowish in colour ... The ovisacs, when not deformed by massing together,
are regularly elongate oval about 2 mm. long and 1:2 mm. in diameter ... The
adult female as recovered from dry material is merely a black shrivelled mass without
indication of secretionary covering of any kind, and without lateral or caudal
filaments ... In mounted specimens the body averages 1-7 mm. in length and
0-9 mm. breadth.”” (Brain, /.c.). Mounted females oval to broadly oval in outline,
membranous. Marginal cerarii recognizable only on anal and preanal segments.
Anal lobe cerarii each formed by two very robust spines, somewhat lanceolate in
shape, surrounded by a loose group of a few trilocular pores and one or two fairly
long stout auxiliary setae; chitinized area large and extending to ventral side.
Preanal cerarii each with two spines of same shape and size as those of anal cerarii,
beset by a few trilocular pores; auxiliary setae missing; area about spines not
chitinized. Ventral side of each anal lobe provided with an apparently robust
long apical setat and two to four shorter ones. Multilocular disc pores present
only on median and submedian ventral areas as far as prothorax, set widely apart
from one another. Tubular ducts of two types. One type being rather long and
slender without usual collar but the opening being instead surrounded by a small
chitinized keel. These ducts occur on both sides of body, apparently without any
particular pattern. Other ducts distinctly larger with a narrow rim occurring on
dorsumonly. Trilocular pores few. Circular disc pores larger than trilocular pores,
not numerous and distributed all over body. Dorsal setae not numerous, fairly
stout ; a few on abdomen similar in shape and size to cerarian spines ; ventral ones
slender. Anterior dorsal ostioles not recognizable on specimens examined ; posterior
ones inconspicuous without setae or grouping of trilocular pores on their lips.

1 Both missing in the specimens examined.

116 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Fic. 18. Puto africanus Brain

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 117

Circulus absent. Legs normal; claw without denticle ; hind legs without trans-
lucent pores; a few setae on median and hind legs stoutly spiniform. Anal ring of
usual Pseudococcid type, opened posteriorly, with six robust setae.1 Antennae
with eight or nine joints.

Rhizoecus africanus Brain (= Rhizoecus falcifer Kuenckel)
Rhizoecus africanus Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 89.

Three slides containing altogether seven adult and two preadult females were
seen. They were labelled: “ Rhizoecus africanus Brain; roots of plants; Cape
Town: Feb. 1906; paratype; 62.”

Brain’s paratypes were compared with the redescription and figure of R. falcifer
Kuenckel recently published by Ferris (1953) and our conclusion fully agrees with
Hambleton’s opinion (1946) that the Brain species is a synonym of falcifer.

Tylococcus chrysocomae Brain
(Text-fig. 19)
Tylococcus chrysocomae Brain, 1915, Trans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 93.

The material examined was represented by four slides with altogether eight
specimens, all old adults partly distorted, labelled as follows: ‘‘ Tylococcus
chrysocomae sp. n.; Grahamstown: 4th March 1915; A. Kelly; on Chrysocoma
tenutfolia ; C.K.B., 61.”

“ Ovisac: white, dense, elongate oval, may reach 5 mm. long and 2 mm. in
diameter. The ovisac may be single or clustered. The adult female is found at
one extremity of the ovisac and often appears as though partly enclosed owing to
the median dorsal keel of white secretion ... When cleared, stained, and
mounted, the adult female is 2mm. to 2:5 mm. long.” (Brain, /.c.). Body of mounted
specimens very broadly elliptical, nearly circular; membranous. Margin of body
with cerarii reduced to sixteen or seventeen pairs owing to absence of one or two
pairs on thorax. Cerarii on head and last abdominal segments tending to be inserted
in a small very broadly rounded prominence. All cerarii formed by two to four
robust conical spines, without any grouping of trilocular pores or auxiliary setae ;
area about spines not chitinized. Ventral side of each anal lobe with a stout
apical seta about same length as those of anal ring ; subapical one much shorter ;
chitinized bar absent. Maultilocular disc pores fairly numerous on either side of
body, distributed without any regular pattern. Quinquelocular pores not abundant
and scattered on dorsum and venter. Tubular ducts somewhat departing in their
structure from those normally found in Pseudococcidae. They are provided neither
with oral rim nor oral collar, the opening being instead surrounded by a small circular
chitinized keel, similar to those seen in Puto (?) africanus. They occur abundantly on
both sides of body. Trilocular pores few but evenly distributed, circular disc pores
apparently absent. Ventral setae rather short and slender ; dorsal ones about same

1 The two setae posterior to the anal ring actually do not belong to it, as Brain stated. They are the
cisanal setae which in this species lie unusually close to the anal ring.

118 THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Fic. 19. Tylococcus chrysocomae Brain

THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA 119

length but robust ; a couple of stout spines similar to those of marginal cerarii
occur on median area of thoracic and abdominal segments. Anterior dorsal ostioles
not recognizable; posterior ones very poorly marked. Circulus absent. Legs
well developed, without translucent pores on hind pair ; claw with a small denticle ;
ungual and tarsal digitules short and finely pointed. Antennae normally 7-jointed ;
but in one specimen one antenna had seven joints, the other eight.

SUMMARY

The author deals with the identity of the Pseudococcidae described from South
Africa by C. K. Brain. Twenty-two species are retained as valid and are redescribed
or reviewed. Four species and one variety are synonymized in the course of the

paper.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to convey our sincere thanks to Dr. T. J. Naude, Chief Entomologist,
Department of Agriculture, Pretoria, South Africa, for his permission to carry out
the examination of all Brain’s typical material stored in the Division of Entomology ;
to Dr. H. Morrison, Senior Entomologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, D.C., who made available slides of four species apparently missing in Pretoria.
Sincere thanks are also due to Dr. W. J. Hall, Director, and to Dr. D. J. Williams,
Entomologist, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, for their invaluable
help connected with some bibliographical references. Our sincere thanks are
particularly extended to Dr. H. K. Munro, Department of Agriculture, Pretoria,
for his kindness and assistance given during our visit to South Africa and in whose
laboratory the main part of the present work was carried out.

We are greatly indebted to Dr. R. H. Le Pelley, Senior Entomologist, Department
of Agriculture, Kenya, who as usual undertook the task of going through the manu-
script, suggesting valuable amendments.

REFERENCES

BraIN, C. K. 1912. Contribution to the knowledge of Mealy Bugs, genus Pseudococcus, in
the vicinity of Cape Town, South Africa. Amn. ent. Soc. Amer. 5 : 177-189.

1915. The Coccidae of South Africa, I. Tvrans. roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5 : 65-194.

1918. The Coccidae of South Africa, II. Bull. ent. Res. 9: 107-139.

De Lotto, G. 1957. The Pseudococcidae (Homopt.: Coccoidea) described by H. C. James
from East Africa. Bull. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 5 : 183-232.

Essic, E.O. 1942. College Entomology, pp. vii + 900, McMillan Co., New York.

Ezzat, Y. M. & McConneELL, H. S. 1956. A classification of the Mealybug Tribe Plano-
coccini (Pseudococcidae, Homoptera). Bull. agric. exp. Stn., Univ. Maryland, A—84,

. 108.
Beas, G. F. 1918. The California species of Mealy Bugs. Stanf. Univ. Publ. pp. 78.
1948-50. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America, vols. v and vi, Stanford Univ.

Press.

GREEN, E. E. 1915. Observations on British Coccidae in 1914 with descriptions of new
species. Ent. mon. Mag. 51: 175-185.

1zo THE PSEUDOCOCCIDAE (HOM. COCCOIDEA) FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Hatt, W. J. 1937. Observations on the Coccidae of Southern Rhodesia. VIII. Trams. R.
ent. Soc. Lond. 86 : 119-134.

HaMBLETON, E. J. 1946. Studies of hypogeic Mealybugs. Rev. Ent. 17: 1-77.

James, H.C. 1933. Taxonomic notes on the Coffee Mealybugs of Kenya Colony. Bull. ent.
Res. 24 : 429-436.

1936. New Mealybugs from East Africa. Tvamns. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 85 : 197-216.

JouBERT, C. J. 1928. Pseudococcus gahani Green, in South Africa. Bull. ent. Res. 29: 209.

Morrison, H. 1945. The Mealybug Genus Heterococcus and some of its relatives (Homoptera :
Coccoidea). J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 35 : 38-55.

Witurams, D. J. 1958. The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera) described by W. M.
Maskell, T. D. A. Cockerell, R. Newstead and E. E. Green from the Ethiopian Region.
Bull. Brit. Mus, (Nat. Hist.) Ent. 6 : 205-236.

ZIMMERMAN, E. C. 1958. Insects of Hawaii, vol. 5: Homoptera Sternorhyncha, pp. 464,
Honolulu, Univ. Hawaii Press.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA
GENERA.

DEGEERIELLA FROM THE
FALCONIFORMES

THERESA CLAY

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 4
LONDON : 1958

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA.
DEGEERIELLA FROM THE FALCONIFORMES

THERESA CLAY ‘

British Museum (Natural History) )

Pp. 121-207; 9 Plates ; 164 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
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REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA.
DEGEERIELLA FROM THE FALCONIFORMES

By THERESA CLAY

INTRODUCTION

BEFORE attempting to define the genus Degeeriella, the type species of which para-
sitizes one of the Falconiformes, it is necessary to consider shortly the whole of
the Degeertella-complex.

THE Degeertella-cOMPLEX. It is difficult to delimit this group exactly but the
following genera should probably be included : Degeeriella Neumann (= Kélerinirmus
Eichler), Acutifrons Guimaraes, Austrophilopterus Ewing, Capraiella Conci, Cotin-
gacola Carriker, Cuculicola Clay & Meinertzhagen, Lagopecus Waterston, (= Colini-
cola Carriker), Picicola Clay & Meinertzhagen (= Tyrannicola Carriker), Tvogoni-
niyrmus Eichler, Upupicola Clay & Meinertzhagen, a group of undescribed species
from the Bucerotidae, and an undescribed species from the Megapodidae, probably
an aberrant Lagopecus. Buceronirmus Hopkins and Hopkinsiella Clay & Meinertz-
hagen should also perhaps be included here. Possible derivatives from this group
include Syrrhaptoecus Waterston, Tinamotaecola Carriker, some of the Ischnocera
from the Bucerotidae and also possibly Penenirmus. The complex (omitting the
doubtful members) can be defined as follows :

Ischnocera with marginal carina of head usually complete dorsally but may
be partially interrupted anteriorly, and also partially interrupted each side when a
dorsal preantennal suture is present ; ventrally it may be complete or interrupted
medially. Hyaline margin absent or small, never greatly enlarged and never con-
tinuous with hyaline area delimiting a complete dorsal anterior plate. Ventral
carina never forms a semicircular band, but is interrupted medially ; usually the
two carinae pass towards the anterior margin of the head but never form well
defined bands continuous with the marginal carina, and only rarely have the strongly
sclerotized parallel surfaces to which are attached lobes of the pulvinus as in Briielia
(Clay, 1951) ; pulvinus usually in the form of a single sac-like structure. Ocular
seta (except in Trogoninirmus and Austrophilopterus) and at least two of the temporal

1 At one time it was thought possible to use the characters of the ventral carinae and pulvinus to
separate the Degeerielia- and Briielia-complexes, however the species of Degeeriella from Chelictina
and Elanoides have the characters of these structures as in some species of Briielia (see Clay, 1958).

ENTOM. 7, 4. 5

124 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

setae elongated. Prothorax with one marginal seta each side (except in Lagopoecus
meinerizhagent Clay); third episternum fully sclerotized laterally. Abdomen
with postspiracular setae on segments III-VII' (exceptionally on IV—V only)
with sensillae on III or IV-V. Tergal plates entire or separated medially ; sternal
plates median, lateral or absent. In the male segments IX—X with a single fused
tergal plate (entire or divided medially), separated from XI by a suture and setae ;
anal and genital openings close together on dorsal surface, dorsal part of XI narrowed
with the 3 + 3 anal setae on the dorsal surface of the abdomen (see Clay, 1953).
Male genitalia usually with sclerotized penis, short curved parameres, the outer and
inner edges of which are continuous with the basal apodeme, and endomeral plate
of characteristic form (PI. 8, fig. 7). This basic form which is found in some species
of most of the genera is also found modified to a greater or lesser extent in a few
species belonging to many of the genera and in some species the basic degeerielline
pattern can no longer be recognized, for instance, there may be an articulation
between the parameres and the basal apodeme. The genitalia do not provide good
group characters in this complex; these structures in Acutifrons megalopterus
Carriker and Degeeriella rufa (Burmeister) for instance, being more similar to each
other than are those of A. megalopterus and A. caracarensis (Kellogg & Mann) ;
and those of Capraiella subcuspidata (Burmeister) are nearer those of D. fulva
(Giebel) than are those of D. fulva and D. mookenjeei Clay.

The internal male genitalia are too various, even within one related group (see
below, p. 127) to be used as diagnostic characters for the complex, but a general type
similar to that of D. fulva from Buteo (Text-fig. 1) with or without the lateral lobes
is found in some of the species of many of the genera; all the species examined
with one exception (a Picicola from one of the Tyrannidae) have the ductus ejacu-
latorius long and coiled. An examination has been made of the internal male
genitalia of about 150 species belonging to 73 genera of the Ischnocera; it was
hoped that the characters of these organs might help in the generic or suprageneric
classification of this superfamily. The members of the Gonides-complex (including
only those found on the Galliformes and Columbidae) have the vesicular apparatus
(see further below) formed of two simple lobes, not joined medially and the ductus
ejaculatorius modified in some way, they differ in these characters from Ausiro-
gonotdes, Osculotes, Chelopistes and members of the Heptapsogaster-complex. The
Otidoecus-complex (Otidoecus, Rhynonirmus and Cuclotogaster) have an unpaired
diverticulum arising from the ductus ejaculatorius?. Apart from these two groups
it has not been possible to find characters of generic or suprageneric importance,
although they may be of specific or of species group value. Recently Blagovesht-
chensky (1956) has published a most useful and extensive account with many
figures of the internal genitalia of both Ischnocera and Amblycera.

In the female the genital plate (when present) does not reach to the upper margin
of the vulva (cf. Brielia) ; genital region without lateral spine-like setae (cf. Rallicola)
or clump of setae on tubercle-like area (cf. Briielia). Inner genital sclerites and

1 As in previous publications roman numerals are used for the true segments, see below, p. 126.
2 The presence of this diverticulum and other characters make it certain that the “ Lipeurus variabilis”’
in Strindberg, 1918 : 633 was in fact Cuclotogaster heterographus (Nitzsch).

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 125

subvulval sclerites present (Text-figs. 96, 97). Spermatheca with sclerotized
calyx and simple thin-walled sac.

It has not been possible to find any characters separating the females of the
Degeertella-complex from those of the Otidoecus-complex (i.e. Cuclotogaster, Otidoecus
and Rhynonirmus) except that in the latter the calyx of the spermatheca is never
apparent and it has not been possible to find any sign of a spermatheca in dissected
specimens (no sections examined). The males are quite distinct : in the Otidoecus-
complex the genital opening is terminal or ventro-terminal, intertergital sclerites
are present and the ductus ejaculatorius has an unpaired diverticulum not yet found
elsewhere amongst the Ischnocera.

The present distribution of the Degeeriella-complex suggests that an ancestral
stock must have been present on birds at an early stage of their evolution and that
the Mallophaga have diverged with their hosts. On some host groups there are
more than one species group belonging to the Degeeriella-complex, these presumably
having diverged from each other on the host group in question ; these species groups
are either sympatric and probably restricted to different ecological niches on the
host, or allopatric and restricted to different taxonomic divisions of the host group.
The species belonging to one of these groups have large heads and rounded abdomens
with the characters frequently found in this type: that is a dorsal preantennal
suture, temporal carinae, pleural thickening less well developed, and the tergites
and sternites narrowed or interrupted medially ; the other is the more elongate
form as found in Degeeriella fulva (Pl. 1, fig. 1). There appears to have been a
considerable amount of parallel evolution in the degeerielline stocks resulting in a
superficial resemblance between the species groups on different host groups. For
instance, an undescribed species of Lagopoecus from the Megapodidae, Acutifrons
vierai Guimaraes from the Accipitridae and Cuculicola acutus (Rudow) from the
Cuculidae all have large heads pointed anteriorly, preantennal dorsal sutures and
partial or complete temporal carinae passing posteriorly from the preantennal
nodus ; the genitalia are all of the typical degeerielline type or modifications of it.
Again Cuculicola latirostris from Cuculus canorus resembles superficially such species
of Degeeriella as D. rufa from Falco tinnunculus, while the Cuculicola species from
Geococcyx resembles Acutifrons megalopterus Carriker from a hawk (Phalcoboenus)
in the broad head and abdomen and the form of the preantennal suture, in both
genitalia are of the degeerielline type. In all these cases the species have retained
the basic form of the abdominal tergites and sometimes the sternites: the species
from the Galliformes have the divided tergal and sternal plates, those from the
Falconiformes have the entire tergal and sternal plates, while those from the Cucu-
lidae have the anterior tergal plates at least, divided.

The stability of certain characters and the divergence of the ancestral degeerielline
stock on the various host groups together with parallel evolution makes it impossible
to define a subfamily for the Degeeriella-complex, and further causes great difficulty
in generic separation. It is possible with further study based on more material
that some of the genera now recognized will have to be re-incorporated in
Degeeriella.

Degeeriella as found on the Falconiformes is here defined in detail and the charac-

126 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

ters found throughout the genus will not be repeated in the descriptions of the indi-
vidual species which follow.

DEGEERIELLA Neumann, 1906

Nirmus. Nitzsch, 1818, Germar’s Mag. Ent. 3: 291 (nec Hermann, 1804).

Degeeriella. Neumann, 1906, Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 20:60. Nomen novum for Nirmus Nitzsch
nec Hermann. Type species by subsequent designation, Johnston & Harrison, 1911, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 36 : 326: “‘ D. discocephalus N.”’

Kélerinirmus. Eichler, 1940, Zool. Anz. 130: 101. Type species: ‘‘ Nirymus fuscus Nitzsch
in Denny.”

Ischnocera not exceeding 3 mm. in length; usually without marked sexual
dimorphism, but the females average larger. Usually well pigmented species, the
colour pattern sometimes forming a taxonomic character. Shape of head various,
anterior margin varies from pointed (D. meinertzhagent), flattened (D. fulva) or
rounded (D. leucopleura, D. discocephalus). Marginal carina entire dorsally ; ven-
trally may be interrupted medially to a greater or lesser extent ; hyaline margin
may be apparent as a narrow rim round the anterior margin of the head. Dorsal
preantennal suture and a true dorsal anterior plate never present in adult ; the dorsal
preantennal region may have thickened areas or surface sculpturing ; dorsal post-
antennal sutures rarely present (D. punctifer). Ventral carina never forms a complete
semicircular band but is interrupted medially and the two carinae pass anteriorly ;
at the anterior edge of the pulvinus they merge with the general sclerotization of the
head and a ventral suture (the ventral preantennal suture) is carried forward to or
near the anterior margin of the head. Pulvinus usually appears as a simple lobe,
but in a few species (e.g. D. guimardest) each ventral carina has a sclerotized flattened
part parallel to that of the other carina to which is attached a lobe of the pulvinus
(see Clay, 1958). Temporal carinae absent. Mandibles similar throughout the
genus ; hypopharyngeal sclerites and gular plate well developed. Male antenna
usually similar to that of female, but may show marked sexual dimorphism (D.
mookerjeet). Chaetotaxy of the head of the basic ischnoceran type (Clay, 1951) ;
ocular seta and at least two of the marginal temporal setae each side elongated.

Prothorax similar throughout the group with rounded or parallel lateral margins and
straight posterior margin ; one posterolateral or posterior elongated seta each side.
Pterothorax may or may not show lateral indication of meso-metathoracic junction ;
third episternum fully sclerotized laterally. Sternal plate narrowed anteriorly,
normally with three setae each side. Dorsal pterothoracic setae usually comprise
two lateral setae, one elongated and one spine-like, and four elongated setae each
side of the posterior margin arranged in two pairs ; some species (D. discocephalus)
may have a greater and more irregular number.

Abdomen with nine apparent segments in the male and eight in the female ;
these are interpreted as follows: the first apparent segment, probably I and II
fused, is referred to as II, the second to the seventh (the spiracle bearing segments)
as IJI-VIII. In the male the eighth segment represents IX—X fused, the ninth is
XI; in the female the last apparent segment is [X—XI fused. Segment II is always
shorter than III. The tergal plates of II-X in the male and II—XI in the female are
in the form of single plates across each segment ; tergites II-III may show partial

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 127

division into two sclerites. The tergite of fused IX—X in the male is usually arched
and narrowed medially to a greater or lesser extent and tergal plate XI when present
is a single or double sclerite immediately anterior to the anal and genital openings.
Kéler (1939) has been followed in considering the dorsal plates as representing the
fused tergal and pleural plates. At the lateral edge of these plates of some or all
of segments IJ—VIII there is, in most species of Degeeriella, a characteristic internal
thickening. This thickening, here called the pleural thickening, usually consists
of an internal sclerotized buttress along the edge of each segment which is continued
inwards a short way along the inner anterior margin of the dorsal plate; there is
usually a characteristic anterior part passing into the segment above, known as the
re-entrant head (Waterston, 1928). Sternal plates II-VI in the form of median
sclerites in both sexes ; in the male the terminal sternites form a single fused genital
plate. Anal and genital openings of male on dorsal surface of the abdomen with
the 3 + 3 anal setae as described above under the definition of the Degeeriella-
complex. The genital region of the female comprises the genital plate (i.e. sternal
plate VII) usually not differing greatly from the anterior plates, but sometimes
(D. rufa) with a median posterior prolongation. It is not possible to be certain to
which segments the remaining sclerites of the genital region belong. Below the
genital plate is an uncoloured area of the integument with a sclerite each side,
perhaps those of VIII. The integument passes to the vulva and turns in to form
the ventral wall of the genital chamber. On this wall are two sclerites, sometimes
fused to a greater or lesser extent in the mid-line; these are perhaps the median
sclerites of VIII and are here called the inner genital sclerites (Text-fig. 96, ig.).
On the dorsal wall of the genital chamber there is a sclerite each side which projects
beyond the vulva ; this is perhaps the sclerite of X or [IX and X fused and is here
called the subvulval sclerite (Text-fig. 97, sv). The opening of the spermathecal
tube (os.) lies between the subvulval sclerites in the dorsal wall of the genital chamber.
The spermatheca is a simple thin-walled sac and the calyx is lightly sclerotized.

The external male genitalia (see Clay, 1956) comprise a flattened basal apodeme ;
short curved parameres, the outer and inner edges of which are continuous with
the basal apodeme without a point of articulation; an endomeral plate, rather
thick dorsoventrally, with diverging dorsal arms (Text-fig. 59, da.) which may or
may not join the basal apodeme each side and two ventral arms (Text-fig. 52, va.)
with setae. Centrally there is a sclerotized tube-like penis which usually has at its
base an irregular area of sclerotization (shown in the figures by an interrupted line)
joined to the basal apodeme by a narrow sclerite (the penial sclerite, ps.) ; at this
junction there is usually a curved arm each side (the penial arm, pa.) bearing a seta
(the penial seta, pst.). The dorsal and ventral endomeral arms are joined by an
area passing ventro-dorsally (and not always visible) to a line of thickening each
side of the ventral surface of the plate (Text-fig. 50, a.).

Internal male genitalia have been examined from 40 specimens of Degeeriella
from only 19 species of hosts belonging to the Falconiformes, but even these show
considerable variation. In D. fulva from Buteo vulpinus and Buteo buteo these
structures conform in general characters to those of Columbicola columbae (Linn.)
as described by Schmutz (1955). The vesicular apparatus comprises four separate

128 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

lobes united into a single organ; as in all members of the Degeeriella-complex
examined the two lateral lobes (Text-fig. 1, /a.) are shorter than the median lobes
(me) ; in some species of Syrrhaptoecus however, the lateral lobes are considerably
longer than the median ones. Within each median lobe two chambers can be dis-
tinguished, the upper containing spermatozoa and the lower what is presumed
to be a secretion. Each vas deferens (vd.) enters separately into each of the median
lobes. The vesicular apparatus is continued into the ductus ejaculatorius (de.) which
is strongly muscular near its base. The testes and vasa deferentia are similar
throughout the complex, and do not differ significantly within any of the Philop-
teridae examined. Variation of the vesicular apparatus and the ductus ejaculatorius
and the point of entry of the vasa deferentia, within the species of Degeeriella
examined are shown in Text-figs. 1-8.

Fics. 1-8.—Internal male genitalia of Degeeriella. 1. D. fulva from Buteo vulpinus.
2. D. beaufacies. 3. D. fusca from Circus aeruginosus. 4. D. elani from Elanus
caeruleus vociferus. 5. D. rufa from Falco t. rupicolus. 6. D. r. regalis from Milvus
migrans. 7. D.mookerjeeit from Pernis ptilorhyncus gurneyi. 8. D. punctifer. me.—
median lobe of vesicular apparatus ; /a.—lateral lobe of vesicular apparatus ; vd,—
vas deferens ; de,—ductus ejaculatorius, Line = 0-5 mm,

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 129

The length of the median lobes and the relative size of the lateral lobes may vary
considerably in different species; no lateral lobes could be seen in D. mookerjeet.
In some cases the material was not in sufficiently good condition to distinguish
the internal chambers of the median lobes, but there seems no doubt that in both
D. regalis and D. mookerjeei there is only a single chamber, as spermatozoa could be
seen filling the whole of the median lobes as figured for “‘ Lipeurus variabilis”’
(? = Cuclotogaster heterographus, see footnote on p. 124) by Schmutz (1955 : 303).
However, material suitable for sectioning is required before an accurate account can
be given of the internal chambers of the median lobes. The ductus ejaculatorius
is long and coiled in all species, and in all except D. rufa only a short basal portion
is strongly muscular, in this latter species this muscular part is carried nearly to the
end. }

The chaetotaxy of the abdomen has the following features common to all species ;
the anterior tergal setae of segment II (probably those of the suppressed segment [)
are two in number and elongated; postspiracular setae are present on segments
III-VII with sensillae on III—V ; VIII has the usual lateral seta in a sunken alveolus.
All the above setae are omitted from the specific descriptions. Terga II-VIII and
sterna II-VI each with a single line of setae ; pleural setae present on some or all
of segments III-X. Vulva with some spine-like setae and with a varying number
of sensilli; posterior to the vulva there are, apart from the three anal setae, a
single spine-like seta and one to three elongated setae (the pleural setae of X) each
side.

Nymphs. The three nymphal instars are easily separable by the chaetotaxy
of the posterodorsal margin of the pterothorax (see Clay, 1955), as shown in Text-figs.
11-14 ; the third instar has the setae arranged as in the adult but at least two of the
setae are thinner. The head does not take on the full adult characters until after
the final moult. Boetticher & Eichler (1954) have shown the differences between
the shape of the preantennal region of the head in nymphs and adults in Degeeriella
and based some of their phylogenetic deductions on these findings. The present
study of Degeeriella nymphs from 24 species of hawks shows that the curvature of the
anterior margin of the head may be approximately the same in nymph and adult
as in D. punctifer and D. discocephalus ; may be more rounded in the nymph as in
D. fulva (Text-figs. 15-17) or more pointed as in D. rufa (Text-figs. 18-20). In
D. rufa the anterior margin of the first instar (Text-fig. 18) resembles that of D. fulva
to a greater extent than do those of the second or third instars (Text-figs. 19-20).
The ventral carinae are sometimes better defined in the nymph than in the adult and
in those of D. rufa (Text-fig. 10) there is a definite inner projection to which is attached
a lobe of the pulvinus as in the nymphs and adults of D. guimardesi ; thus D. rufa
resembles this latter species to a greater extent in the nymph than in the adult
(see Clay, 1958). The second and third instars of D. rufa have a semicircular
anterior dorsal thickening and a preantennal dorsal suture with a partial lateral
break in the marginal carina each side (Text-fig. 10); these characters are not
visible in the adults. In some species e.g. D. nisus frater both nymphs and adults
have a similar dorsal anterior thickening. There may be considerable differences
between the nymphs of two species: thus, although D. rufa and D. fulva are super-

130 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

ficially rather similar the nymphs of each are markedly different (Text-figs. 9, 10).
These differences are also reflected in the adults in the characters of the male genitalia,
female genital region and chaetotaxy of the abdomen. D. discocephalus and D. fulva
superficially distinct have rather similar nymphs. The greater similarity of the head
of vufa in the nymphs than in the adult to that of the adults and nymphs of

Fics. 9-14. 9—10.—Heads of third instar nymphs. 9. D. fulva from Buteo jamaicensis.
10. D. vufa from Falco tinnunculus. 11-14.—Posterior margin of pterothorax of
D. fulva from Buteo buteo. 11. First instar. 12. Second instar. 13. Third instar.
14. Adult male.

D. guimaréesi is also reflected in the adults of rufa which have other characters in
common with guimardesi not found elsewhere amongst the Degeeriella. Populations
within a species may also differ from each other toa greater extent in the nymphal than
in the adult stage: the third instars of D. rufa, for instance, from Falco rusticolus
candicans and F. r. islandus (Text-figs. 21, 22) are more different than are the adults,
which in some specimens are hardly separable (figs. 143, 147). This suggests that
the superficial similarity of the majority of the species of Degeeriella on the Falconi-
formes is a secondary adaptation to the environment found on this group of birds

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 131

and that the characters of the nymphs may be useful in the elucidation of relation-
ships within the genus. Some of the difficulties of understanding these relationships
are mentioned below under Host Relationships.

Apart from the species of the Degeeriella-complex found on the Falconiformes
there are two other groups which have been given generic status, but fall within the
definition of Degeeriella as given above, these are Capraiella and part of Picicola.

Capraiella Conci, 1941. This genus was erected for Nirmus subcuspidatus Bur-
meister from Coracias garrulus mainly on the character of the pointed head. As
will be seen below some Degeeriella from the hawks also have heads pointed anteriorly.
It has not been possible to find any characters on which subcuspidata can be separated
from Degeeriella, in fact the male genitalia considered alone would place this species
near D. fulva. It is doubtful, therefore, whether Capraiella can be kept as a separate
genus but further species may be found on other members of Coraciidae which may
throw more light on the relationships of this group.

Picicola Clay & Meinertzhagen, 1938, and the subgenus Tyrannicola Carriker,
1956. This genus contains species found on the Pici and the Passeriformes, some
of which can be included in the definitions of Degeeriella as given below. The species
may lack the preantennal suture and have the tergites entire as in Degeeriella sens.
sty., or may have a preantennal suture and divided tergal plates as in Cuculicola.
The genitalia may be of the type found in D. fulva or a modification of this. These
differences cut across the host divisions ; for instance, the species from Geocolaptes
and Thripias belonging to the Pici and those from Colonia and Sayornis belonging
to the Passeriformes have the tergites entire ; in the two former species the male
genitalia are of the D. fulva type. The species from Dendrocopus (Pici) and Pitta
(Passeriformes) have the tergites divided ; the latter species has the genitalia of the
D. fulva type, the former the modified form. The species found on the Pici are in
general less heavily sclerotized than those found on the Passeriformes and Falconi-
formes. It is doubtful whether the erection of numerous subgenera is the best
solution of this problem.

Within the species of the Degeeriella-complex found on the Falconiformes three
genera have been erected: Degeeriella Neumann, 1906 type species Nirmus disco-
cephalus Burmeister; Kélerinirmus Eichler, 1940, type species Nirmus fuscus
Denny , and Acutifrons Guimaraes, 1942, type species A. vierai Guimaraes. Kéleri-
miymus was described to include the species with elongate heads and abdomen and
to separate them from the species with round heads and abdomens represented by
D. discocephalus, the type species of Degeeriella. This division, however, appears
to be a purely artificial one and places together D. discocephalus and punctifer
purely on shape of head and abdomen together with certain characters directly
correlated with this shape and of little phylogenetic importance (Clay, 1951). In
fact, the characters of the carinae and sutures of the head, the male genitalia and
female genital region show that these two species are not closely related. It appears
that the discocephalus group and fulva group of species, both found on the same
host groups, are nearly related to each other and perhaps derived from a common
ancestor on these host groups. These two species groups are for instance,
more closely related to each other than either is to rufa in spite of the superficial

132 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

similarity of rvufa and fulva. Thus, it is not possible to recognize Kélerinirmus as a
generic division of Degeeriella. Carriker (1956: 114)! suggests the possibility that
Acutifrons should be included in the discocephalus group of Degeeriella, but here
again the similarity is purely superficial and it is unlikely that the Acutifrons group
of species are particularly nearly related to discocephalus. It is possible that Acuti-
frons is not a monophyletic group, the characters distinguishing the species ; the
anterior dorsal suture, the temporal carinae and the enlarged head and abdomen
having been developed more than once in different but related stocks. Until more
is known about the distribution of these species Acutifrons should probably be
maintained as a distinct genus.

Nirmus splendidus Kellogg, 1899. While agreeing with Carriker (1956: 126)
that the identity of this species must await the examination of the types, the des-
cription and figure are those of a Cuculicola not Acutifrons. No known species
belonging to the Degeeriella-complex from hawks have the abdominal tergites divided
medially, a character which is found throughout Cuculicola, further, the figure,
except for the lateral margins of the temples represents the species found on
Geococcyx californiensis. Since writing this, Carriker (1957) has been seen in which a
figure is given of the male genitalia of a paratype of Nirmus splendidus, this seems
to represent those of the species from Geococcyx californiensis in a somewhat com-
pressed condition, as usually seen within the specimen. There seems little doubt
that this is the true host of Nirmus splendidus Kellogg as figured originally by Kellogg
(1899) and recently by Carriker (1957), and that the species should be included in
Cuculicola.

THE SPECIES, SUBSPECIES AND LOCAL POPULATION. In Degeeriella there is the
difficulty, as always in the case of a widely-distributed homogenous group, of deciding
whether any given form should be considered as a species or subspecies or whether
some merit taxonomic rank at all. As Mayr (1951 : 93) has said, the subspecies is
primarily a taxonomic concept which cannot be delimited from the local population
on one hand and the species on the other. In the Mallophaga the application of
the subspecific concept has been most haphazard and practically no attention has
been paid to the amount of variability within populations from the same host form,
and it seems that the time has come to consider this problem as a whole and to try
to get some conformity within the suborder.

In the distribution of the Mallophaga it is usual for an order or suborder of birds
to be parasitized throughout by the same genus (or genera) of Mallophaga. The
populations? of this genus on the different species of birds may be apparently indis-
tinguishable, only statistically distinguishable, or may comprise individuals which
are slightly but constantly different, or which are markedly different. The present

1 T should like to draw attention to a misquotation in this paper ; on p. 114 it is stated that I use the
shape of the abdomen as the principle generic character of Oxylipeurus ; I have never considered shape
of either abdomen or head as of any phylogenetic importance and as the whole of the passage to which
Mr. Carriker refers was an attempt to demonstrate the dangers of using shape as a generic character in
the Mallophaga it is apparent that Mr. Carriker has misunderstood what I was attempting to say, as
is also shown by his remarks on p. 115, paragraph three.

2 The word population is here used for all the individuals of a taxa of Mallophaga found on one host
form which can potentially interbreed because their hosts are potentially capable of interbreeding.
Thus, all the Degeeriella from Buteo b. buteo throughout its range would be considered as comprising
one population.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 133

distribution and relationships of the mallophagan genera suggest that these allopatric
populations have, in general, been separated from each other by the splitting and
species formation of the host stock and are thus analogous to populations of free-
living animals on a group of continental islands which have been isolated by the
disappearance of land connections (Clay, 1949). As in the case of such populations
of free-living animals each of the mallophagan populations is an isolated unit without
zones of contact with any other populations. Thus, as with all isolated allopatric

O OO
O00
OOO

Fics. 15-25.—Heads of nymphs. 15-17.—D. fulva from Buteo buteo. 15. First instar.
16. Second instar. 17. Third instar. 18-20.—D. rufa from Falco tinnunculus.
18. First instar. 19. Secondinstar. 20. Third instar. 21. Third instar D. rufa from
Falco rusticolus islandus. 22. Third instar D. rufa from Falco rusticolus candicans.
23. Third instar D. beaufacies. 24. Third instar D. n. nisus frim Accipiter nisus.
25. Third instar D. n. frater from Accipiter badius, Thailand.

populations where there is no evidence available on the degree of reproductive
isolation, there are no criteria for separating the polytypic species from the super-
species except morphological ones. As these populations are obviously allopatric
replacements of each other on the different host group it might be possible in many
cases to consider them as belonging to one polytypic species. But this is to ignore
the morphological evidence and obscures the fact that while some show marked
morphological differences others are hardly separable taxonomically. Further, some
distinct populations may each have a number of related morphologically similar

134 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

populations, making it more convenient to call each of these population groups, a
species divided into a number of subspecies.

It seems probable that there have been two tendencies in the evolution of the
Mallophaga. One was to speciate rather rapidly, perhaps due to the original occu-
pation of an empty ecological niche provided by the feathered bodies of birds, a
changing environment due to the evolution of the birds themselves, together with
the increasing isolation of the populations of the Mallophaga. The second tendency
was a conservatism due to the later similarity of the environments afforded by birds
belonging to one group, and to the close adaptation to a host which results from the
parasitic habit and perhaps limits subsequent morphological change. The first
tendency was probably responsible for the formation, in the Ischnocera, of the large
number of genera and distinctive species groups, while the second has led to the
similarity of the forms comprising these groups. The uniform environment and
the necessity of being able to move easily through the feathers has probably been
responsible for the relatively smooth uniform surface of the Mallophaga without the
development of feathered setae, scales and other modifications of the exoskeleton
which provide useful taxonomic characters in many groups of insects. It is rather
frequent in the genera of the Ischnocera to find a series of populations superficially
similar and differing mainly in the characters of the male genitalia, the uniformity
of the environment having led to superficial similarity and the isolation of the popu-
lations being shown in differences in such non-adaptive characters as the male
genitalia. It must be expected in the Mallophaga that the character differences
between related groups will be small, and these must of course be judged for each
group of related species ; similar character differences cannot of course be used in
separating analogous taxa in the Ischnocera and Amblycera, for instance.

The degree and time of isolation cannot be used to determine the specific or
subspecific status of a population: the populations of Degeeriella (D. regalis regalis)
on Milvus and on Buteo galapagoensis are separated by host and geographical distri-
bution, and although there cannot have been any gene flow between these populations
over great periods of time, and although the gene pools must now be distinct, there
is no clear cut morphological difference between these populations. If distribution
is taken into account there is a further difficulty that the exact relationship between
the hosts is not always known, so that on the analogy of the free living allopatric
populations the exact position of the locality of any one population in relation to
another is uncertain and deductions of which are the most nearly related populations
cannot always be made. Thus, although some groups may show gradients in such
characters as the size and shape of head and number of abdominal setae these cannot
be equated with clinal variation in free-living populations, as the populations are
isolated and they have a host (not geographical) distribution, the most similar
forms not necessarily being most nearly related. For instance, in Degeeriella
there are examples of Harrison’s law that in related populations those parasitizing
the larger hosts tend to comprise larger individuals; correlated with this increase
in size there is a tendency towards larger heads, broader anteriorly, and sometimes
to a greater number of abdominal setae. This tendency is seen in some of the popu-
lations of D. rufa on Falco, D. nisus on Accipiter and D. fulva on Buteo. Thus,

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 135

sometimes the similarity of characters is partly due to ecological factors and not
relationship (although in some cases of course the former may be dependent on the
latter). Some of the subspecies in the Mallophaga differ from each other in only
one character or in two or three correlated characters perhaps associated with size
differences which are themselves dependent on host size. Thus, there may be
populations, not very closely related, which are indistinguishable from each other
and must be included in the same subspecies (Mayr, Linsley, Usinger, 1953 : 32) ;
these are analogous to the polytopic subspecies of the free-living animal.

It has been suggested (Mayr et al., 1953 : 104) that the morphological differences
between sympatric species of the same genus might give an indication of the correct
status of isolated populations, but Brown & Wilson (1956 : 49) have shown that when
two species of animals overlap geographically the difference between them is accent-
uated in the zone of sympatry and weakened or lost entirely in parts of their range
outside this zone. This might explain the differences between the species of Degeeriella
(a genus in which sympatry is rare) on Pernis, which are so much greater than is
usual between species found on hawks belonging to the same genus. The two species,
Pernis apivorus and P. ptilorhynchus might originally have had the same species of
Degeeriella, the populations of which split into two and diverged sufficiently to
remain distinct when they later became sympatric (see Clay, 1949) ; if the fact that
that they had become sympatric caused them to diverge to a greater extent and if
D. phlyctopygus became extinct on Pernis ptilorhynchus and D. mookerjeei on P.
apivorus, the differences between these two species of Degeeriella would be more
marked than if they had not formerly been sympatric. This explanation is partly
supported by the fact that these two species are separated by the characters of the
male antennae, a common difference between sympatric species of the same genus
(Clay, 1949). It is perhaps for this reason that differences between allopatric
species are sometimes much smaller than those distinguishing sympatric species.
If we accept the definition of subspecies as populations which would interbreed under
natural conditions if they occurred sympatrically, then any morphological differences
which might prevent interbreeding should be considered as specific characters. It
seems reasonable to suppose that at least some of the character differences between
closely related sympatric species are those which prevent or discourage cross-breeding.
In the Ischnocera closely related sympatric species may be distinguished by the
male genitalia, male antennae and in one genus (Oscwulotes) the legs of the male, and
in size and proportions of the head and abdomen. The former characters would
probably all prevent or discourage cross-breeding, while the last two characters
might mean that the populations were partly restricted to different ecological niches
on the body of the bird resulting in partial isolation from each other. An example
of this in the Anoplura is provided by Pediculus humanus humanus and P. h. capitis,
whose occupation of different ecological niches on man has resulted in impaired
fertility when they are crossed (Hopkins, 1949: 419). Even gross differences in
the form of the male genitalia in insects may not form a mechanical bar to successful
copulation (Dobzhansky, 1955: 189). Jordan (1896) in his analysis of the genitalia
of Papilio showed that in general each of the species was distinguishable by the
form of the male genitalia ; he also showed that there was geographical variation

136 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Fics. 26-34. Endomeral plate, dorsal view. 26. D. fulva from Aquila chrysaétos.
27. D.carrikeri. 28.D.emersoni. 29. D.n.nisus from Accipiter n. nisus. 30. D. fusca
from Circus aeruginosus. 31-32.—D. n. fratey from Accipiter badius, Thailand ;
2 specimens from the same host individual to show variation. 33. D.. hopkinst.
34. D. leucopleura.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 137

in the structure of the male genitalia and concluded that it was not possible to draw
a distinction between specific and subspecific characters and that a peculiarity of a
structure might be an individual aberration, a subspecific or a specific character.
Jordan did, however, believe that divergence in the organs of copulation was a
means of preventing intercrossing. Within the Mallophaga the genitalia may be
uniform, with only minor or no apparent differences throughout genera, or large
species-groups, examples of this are found mainly in the Amblycera (e.g. Colpo-
cephalum and Actornithophilus), and in some Ischnocera (e.g. Anaticola) ; in others
there may be relatively small but constant differences in the population from nearly
every host species, as in some groups of Quadraceps, and in other genera the differences
may be so great that it is difficult to homologize the sclerites forming the genitalia
of the different species. It must, therefore be presumed that the differentiation
of the genitalia has taken place at different rates in different groups and that simi-
larity of genitalia cannot always be used as a criterion of conspecificity, this is
especially so in some genera of Amblycera. In Anaticola again, where the genitalia
are similar throughout the genus it would seem to be necessary to use the characters
of the preantennal region of the head for specific divisions. It is clear therefore,
that the delimination of the specific and subspecific categories in the Mallophaga
must be based on criteria which differ in each genus and that a study of the whole
genus is necessary before a decision on these categories is made. Moreover, it
is necessary to choose completely arbitrary criteria for the decision as to whether a
population should have specific or subspecific rank, and this, in spite of some of the
criticisms mentioned above, must be based on the characters of the genus as a whole,
the number of character differences present, the characters separating sympatric
species of the same genus and to a lesser degree host distribution.

It is apparent that the male genitalia of the Degeeriella-complex (see above p. 124)
are rather constant in character, those of Capraiella, for instance, being quite near
the fulva group of species, and that small differences in these structures may therefore
be of significance in distinguishing species. A population has been considered as a
full species if the individuals comprising it show one of the following qualifications :

I. Male genitalia quite distinct.

2. Male genitalia differ to a lesser extent, sometimes to a rather minor degree,
but there are also a number of other character differences, such as the presence or
absence of the pleural setae on certain of the abdominal segments, 4 or more setae
on each of the sterna III-VI, together with other morphological characters such as the
form of the pleural thickening, marginal carina and ventral suture of the head, and
marked differences in the shape of the nymphal heads.

3. Male genitalia apparently indistinguishable but the individuals differ in many
of the other characters listed above.

Populations are treated as subspecies when the male genitalia are apparently
identical or only differ to a minor degree (e.g. number of setae as in D. rufa caruthi),
which differ in the shape and proportions of the head and in a minor way in the breadth
of the temporal marginal carinae and pleural thickenings or the shape of various
sclerites.

The second, and more controversial problem is that of deciding whether certain
ENTOM. 7, 4. 6

138 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

populations should be recognized taxonomically at all. Various procedures have
been adopted within the classification of the Mallophaga, one is to describe as new
every population occurring on a different host species, in the hope, it is presumed,
that 50% or more may prove to be valid and leaving some other worker to find out.
Another method is to take single specimens and to describe them as new species or
subspecies on some minor character which is likely to be variable within the popu-
lation or even an artefact due to method of preservation and of no taxonomic signi-
ficance. These two examples of bad taxonomic procedure, unfortunately still
rather frequent in the systematics of the Mallophaga, need not be further considered.
The difficult cases are those where there are differences and where the populations
must be genetically quite distinct, but it is considered unsatisfactory to recognize
them taxonomically. In Degeeriella it is possible to distinguish three categories,
apart from those where insufficient material is available, the taxonomic recognition
of which it is considered would not assist in the classification of the group :

1. Certain populations are only separable from each other statistically ; here no
useful purpose would be served in naming these microsubspecies, where many
individuals would not be identifiable.

2. Certain populations may appear to differ, but when large series are examined too
much variation is found to support the divisions, an example of this are the popu-
lations from Aguila and the various species of Buteo (see p. 146).

3. The populations from two hosts may be distinctly separable on such characters
as size and shape of head, but if between these two there is a series of populations
from related hosts showing a character gradient in these characters it is not considered
that any of the populations should be recognized. The populations of D. rufa
from Falco provide a particularly difficult problem (see further p. 183) as they differ
from each other in the outline of the anterior margin of the head, showing all degrees
from marked differences to very slight ones, the latter being complicated by individual
variation. If any subspecies are recognized then the classification of the populations
showing minor differences becomes almost impossible ; this may be a case where
subspecies should not be recognized.

This policy of not overwhelming the classification by naming every statistically or
barely separable population is not to discourage the study of populations, their
variation and host distribution; there is much interesting information on these
subjects to be gathered from detailed statistical analysis, all that is here recommended
is that these populations should not be givennames. In this present paper an attempt
has been made to sort out the populations deserving taxonomic rank and not to study
detailed variation.

VARIATION AND ARTEFACTS. The populations of Degeeriella from the various
hawks are frequently very similar to each other and forms are separated on rather
slight character differences, for this reason it is necessary to consider the amount
of variation within populations from one host form. Further, it is necessary to work
with specimens which have been treated in various ways so that they can be examined
under high-power microscopes and this may cause various artefacts dependent on the
methods used. Individuals in populations of Mallophaga, unlike some other groups
of insects, tend to show little variation in size and external characters, due no doubt

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 139

to the similarity of the environment in all stages of development and to the unlimited
and easily accessible food supply. The reliability of the morphological characters
which have been used in the taxonomy of the group are discussed below.

1. Size. As already mentioned populations of Mallophaga tend to be rather
constant in size. A number of experiments were carried out to see which was the
most reliable measurement in Degeeriella. A male and female of each of D. fitva,
D. r. regalis and D. rufa were measured at each stage of the following treatments :

35
36
\) () (
38
J
NY 39
40 4)

Fics. 35-41. Endomeral plate, dorsal view. 35. D. d. discocephalus. 36. D. elani.
37. D. tendetvoit. 38. D. rufa from Falco tinnunculus. 39. D. r. regalis from Milvus
miluus. 40. D.r. deignani. 41. D. punctifer.

(a) In 80% alcohol after two to three years storage ; (b) in a saturated solution of
phenol in 70% alcohol, warmed to clear; (c) after 22 hours in cold 10% caustic
potash, body contents removed, cleared in clove oil and mounted in canada balsam ;
(d) after immersion for 15 minutes in 10% caustic potash in a boiling water bath,
mounted in canada balsam and the cover glass pressed well down. It was found the

140 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

breadth of the temples remained either constant under the different treatments or
changed no more than 0004 mm., while other measurements especially total length,
breadth of pterothorax and length and breadth of abdomen were rather variable due
to contraction or expansion between the different regions of the body or changes in
shape due to pressure by the cover slip. This means that in Degeeriella the breadth
of the head is a measurement that can be taken quickly and accurately in any media,
does not alter with the age of the adult, the abdomen for example in teneral females
is usually smaller (Clay, 1956) and it is possible to compare the measurements of other
workers as there is no ambiguity about the exact position of where the measurement
is taken. The whole of the collected populations from one bird can be measured in
phenol solution without the labour of mounting them in canada balsam and ensures
that not only the larger specimens, which consciously or unconsciously are likely to
be picked out for permanent mounts, are measured. This measurement, therefore,
is useful in comparing populations from various hosts which differ only in absolute
size; the size of the temple breadth being roughly proportional to the total size.
It cannot of course be used in comparisons of populations which differ in the shape of
the postantennal region of the head. It should be noted that this is a different
problem from the consideration of which measurements show the least variation in
a population from one host where all individuals have been treated in the same way.
Tjonneland (1955) compiled the variation coefficients for various measurements of
40 males and 40 females of Degeeriella d. aquilarum Eichler taken from the same host
individual and subjected to the same treatment ; it was found that the measurement
of the head showed the least variation within the populations. It has been found
in numbers of specimens belonging to one species that those from the different hosts
may differ in average measurements of head breadth, but that the ranges overlap ;
it is important therefore to give the range and number of specimens measured. For
reasons discussed elsewhere (p. 138) time has not been spent on statistical analysis
of the measurements of the different populations of Degeeriella mentioned in this
paper. It is doubtful whether subspecies should be recognized on size differences
alone and certainly not when only two or three specimens are available.

2. Pigment and sclerotization. As it is frequently necessary to work with material
which has been kept long in alcohol or over treated with caustic potash it is difficult
to use the characters in the comparison of all species. However, the amount and
arrangements of pigment may be a taxonomic character (see D. fusca). The scleroti-
zed plates may vary in outline as some of these, especially the thoracic sternal plates
and the male and female genital plates, may have part of the plate more lightly
sclerotized and in some specimens, either naturally or due to treatment, the lighter
part is not apparent, thus altering the outline.

3. Head. The shape and size of the head is a useful character and as shown above
the breadth is not affected by the various methods of preparation. However, in
some populations there appears to be a certain amount of variation in the curvature
of the anterior margin (see under D. fulva). The thickness of the marginal carina
and the presence or absence of an inner median indentation are usually reliable
characters, but there may be intrapopulation variation in these characters, sometimes
due to methods of preparation ; teneral specimens especially may be misleading in

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 141

these characters (see below under D. pseudophaea). Thus, specimens of the fulva-
group from the same host form may have the typical flattened anterior margin,
with broad marginal carina and well marked inner marginal indentation, whereas
other specimens may have rather rounded anterior margins, rather narrow marginal
carina and the inner marginal indentation not apparent. Specimens which have
been left too long in caustic potash may have the marginal carina appearing narrower,
the head often more rounded anteriorly and the anterior end of the ventral suture not
distinguishable; the extent of the hyaline margin may also vary in mounted specimens
according to the position and pressure exerted. The proportions of the head, that
is ratio of length of preantennal region to postantennal region and ratio of breadth
to length of these regions may be misleading as these show variation within popu-
lations. Reduction of these proportions to mathematical terms is unsatisfactory
owing to the difficulty of finding exact points of measurement and a more accurate
method is that described in Clay & Hopkins (1954 : 230) in which an outline of a head
is drawn with a camera lucida and comparisons of other heads made by projecting
them on to this outline ; by adjusting the magnification it is possible to get a fixed
measurement such as the breadth of the temples and thus compare the proportions
of the head (see also p. 184). If this is done with a large number of specimens from
one host it will be seen that proportions are often variable and cannot be used for
subspecific divisions. Both the marginal and temporal marginal carinae may have
indentations, the number, shape and position of which show some individual varia-
tion. However, the thickness and outline of these carinae, with the reservations
discussed above, may be of taxonomic importance. The conus tends to be variable
in shape and length mainly due to the position in mounting and except where the
differences are strongly marked (e.g. D. punctifer), this structure has not been used
as a taxonomic character. The position of the second ventral submarginal seta
(Clay, 1951) shows individual variation being found either above or below the level
of the inner margin of the marginal carina.

4. Thorax. The number of sternal setae and the shape of the sternal plate show
individual variation (Text-figs. 112-118). and is of no taxonomic value amongst
nearly related species. There are usually eight elongated posterodorsal setae on the
pterothorax arranged in two groups of two each side, but there may be individual
variation in the number and position.

5. Abdomen. In general the presence or absence of a partial division of tergal
plate II-III is constant for a given taxa, but there are cases where this character
especially in II shows individual variation. The width and the dorsal and ventral
outline of the pleural thickening is often a useful character, but in mounted specimens
is liable to distortion ; this distortion is particularly marked in the shape and details
of the re-entrant head ; teneral specimens do not always show the normal characters
of the adult pleural thickening. In the female the subvulval sclerites may show slight
individual variation.

6. Male genitalia. The basal apodeme may show slight variation in outline either
due to individual variation or to distortion in preparation. The shape of the tips of
the parameres must again be used with caution as the appearance of these is dependent
on position of mounting. The sclerotization round the penial sclerite and penial

142

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

arms is irregular and rather variable in outline. The fusion or not of the dorsal
endomeral arms with the basal apodeme may be a specific character or it may show
individual variation and differ on the two sides of the same individual. There is
also frequently considerable variation in the shape and length of the distal ends of

pea

45
Fics. 42-48. Male genitalia, ventral view of distal area. 42. D. fulva from Aquila
chrysaétos. 43. D. beaufacies. 44. D. carrikeri. 45. D. emersoni. 46. D. n. nisus
from Accipiter nisus. 47. D. n. frater from Accipiter badius, Kenya. 48. D. fusca

from Circus aeruginosus.

the ventral endomeral arms and the position of the setae, the two sides in one indi-
vidual often being asymmetrical in these characters. It is not always possible to
see the relationship. of the dorsal and ventral parts of the mesosome to each other
unless the genitalia are dissected and mounted separately on the slide.

7. Abdominal chaetotaxy. This frequently forms a useful taxonomic character,
but it is important to consider the amount of individual variation. The presence
or absence of pleural setae on some of the anterior segments and on X in the male
can be used to separate species or species groups, but occasionally an individual will

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 143

be found with one seta present on one side of a segment when its absence is characteri-
stic of the species. Another character which can be used to separate species groups
is whether the sterna of III-VI normally have 4 or more setae ; however, the species
characterized by the presence of 4 setae may have the occasional specimen with
one or two segments with 3 or 5 setae. The number of tergal setae may also be
taxonomically important but here again there is individual variation and a more
useful character is the range in the total number of setae found on segments ITI-VII.
The dorsal setae on segment X of the male may vary from 1-3 each side, but in some
populations one each side seems to be the rule with occasional exceptions.

Characters of taxonomic importance. The following characters have been found to
be of taxonomic importance in Degeeriella and should be given together with their
variation in all descriptions of new taxa: Shape of head: form of marginal and
ventral carinae, and anterior extension of ventral suture ; thickness of temporal
marginal carinae; number of elongated marginal temporal setae; presence or
absence of postantennal sutures. Form of tergal plates of segments II-III, and XI
in male and IX—XI in female ; width, and dorsal and ventral outline, and develop-
ment of re-entrant head of pleural thickening. Outline of female genital plate,
inner genital sclerites and subvulval sclerites. Presence and absence of pleural
setae on segments II-VI and of X in male and numbers of sternal setae. The male
genitalia should be figured to show the length of the penis and the form of the penial
arms, and a dorsal and ventral view of the endomeral plate.

SYSTEMATIC SURVEY OF THE SPECIES OF DEGEERIELLA
PARASITIC ON THE FALCONIFORMES

For convenience in classification and to avoid frequent repetition in descriptions,
the species are divided into a number of species groups. There is naturally not always
a clear cut distinction between the species groups and these may not always form
natural phylogenetic assemblages. The groups are based mainly on the characters
of the head, abdominal chaetotaxy and the male genitalia. Characters given under
the definition of the genus (p. 126) and for the species groups are not usually repeated
again in the descriptions of the species.

The fulva Species Group

1. Head index less than 0-90.

2. Dorsal head sutures not apparent.

3. Two of the marginal temporal setae each side elongated.

4. Thoracic sternal plate and chaetotaxy as in Text-figs. 112-118; this plate
shows individual variation in shape and in the number of associated setae.

5. Thorax and abdomen with general shape as in Pl. 1, fig. 1.

6. Tergal plates of segment XI not apparent in male.

7. Terga of segments [X—XI in female as in Text-fig. 105.

8. Pleural thickening of segments III-VI usually with well developed re-entrant
heads,

144 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

g. Sternites of II-VI in the form of quadrilateral median plates.

10. Male genital plate of irregular and variable outline.

11. Female genital plate without median posterior prolongation.

12. Female inner genital sclerites never fused in mid-line.

13. Male genitalia of type shown in PI. 8, fig. 3; penial sclerite present.

14. Setae each side of posterodorsal margin of pterothorax: 1 (lateral) spine-
like seta, 1 elongated seta, 2 pairs of elongated setae (as Text-fig. 14).

15. Pleural setae absent on segments II-III and usually IV, and on segment X
in male.

16. Sternocentral setae of segments III-IV normally 4.

17. Ventral chaetotaxy of male segments VII—XI as in Text-fig. 102; in some
specimens one or both of the outer setae on segment VII may be absent.

Degeeriella fulva (Giebel), 1874
Type host : Aquila chrysaétos (Linn.)

(Pl. 1, figs. 1-7; Pl. 8, fig. 3; Text-figs. 1, 9, 11-17, 26,
42, 70, 84, 102, 105, 109, 112-118)

Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch, 1861, nec Nirmus fuscus Denny, 1842. In Giebel, Z. ges. Nat Wiss.
17: 525. Host: Buteo vulgaris = Buteo b. buteo (Linn.).

Nirmus fulvus Giebel, 1874. Insecta epizoa: 124. Host: Aquila fulua = A. chrysaétos (Linn.).

Nirmus angustus Giebel, 1874. Insecta epizoa: 126. Host: Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan).

Nirmus flavidus Giebel, 1874. Insecta epizoa: 301, Host: Buteo jaktal = Buteo r. rufofuscus
(J. R. Forster).

Degeeriella giebeli Hopkins, 1947. Entomologist, 80:77. Host: Buteo b. buieo (Linn.).

Degeeriella borealis Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent. 39:41, figs. Host: Buteo jamaicensis
borealis (Gmelin).

Degeeriella genitalis Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent. 39: 43, figs. Host: Buteo regalis (G. R.
Gray).

The description, figure and host of D. fusca (Nitzsch) make it certain that this
name, already preoccupied, is a synonym of D. fulva (see also Hopkins, 1947 : 76).

The original description of D. fulva together with the fact that it was placed between
fuscus and rufus, both figured, show that Giebel’s original specimen must have been
the elongated type (PI. 1, fig. 1) of Degeeriella found on Aguila not the round-bodied
type (Pl. 9, fig. 2). As this species appears to be indistinguishable from that on
Buteo there seemed a possibility that the known specimens might have been strag-
glers from this latter genus. However, an examination of all the available material
from Aguila, that is 18 3, 36 2 from nine individuals of seven species of Aquila,
shows there is no doubt that Aguila was the true host of at least three of these records;
the hosts of the remainder cannot now be confirmed. It can be assumed, therefore,
that the species described below is a natural parasite of Aguila.

Degeeriella fulva is distinguishable from other species in the species group by a
combination of the characters of the marginal carina, ventral suture, tergites II-III,
pleural thickening, number of pleural setae and the details of the male genitalia.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 145

Mate. Inner dorsal margin of marginal carina indented medially ; ventral suture
passes to anterior margin of head (Text-fig. 109, v.). Tergite II only with definite
median unsclerotized indentation. Pleural thickening narrow with inner edges
comparatively straight. Genital plate as in Text-fig. 102. Genitalia as in Pl. 8,
fig. 3 and Text-figs. 26, 42 ; there is some variation in the shape of the basal apodeme

Fics. 49-53. Male genitalia, ventral view of distal area. 49. D. hopkinsi. 50. D. leuco-
pleura. 51. D. ad. discocephalus. 52. D. elbeli. 53. D. tendeivoi. ps.—penial
sclerite ; pa.—penial arm; pst.—penial setae ; va.—ventral endomeral arm.

and of the base of the endomeral plate which does not always show an inner inden-
tation. Internal genitalia as in Text-fig. 1.

FEMALE. Terga of segments IX-XI as in Text-fig. 105 and genital region as in
Text-figs. 70, 84.

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae: II normally 6! range 4-7;
III-V normally 8, range 6-8 ; VI-VIII normally 6, range 4-8. X in the male has

1 In this and all subsequent descriptions the two anterior setae always found on II are omitted.

146 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

from 1-3 setae each side ; of 16 males from Aquila 11 had one (1 + 1) each side, 3
had 1 + 2 and two had 2 + 2; in 80 males taken at random from various species
of Buteo, 8 had 1 + 1, 19 had 1 + 2, 44 had 2 + 2, 7 had 2 4 3 and 2 had 3 + 3.
Tergal setae of segments X—XI of female as in Text-fig. 105. Pleuralsetae: II-IV
o; V,1oneach side; VI-VII, 2; VIII, 3. In the male IX has 2 each side and X,
o. In the female IX and X each have 1-3 each side. Sternocentral setae of II-VI
normally 4 with the occasional segment of the occasional specimen with 3 or 5.
In the male total number of marginal setae of last segment dorsal and ventral,
varies from 9-14.

Nympus. Nonymphs have been seen from any species of Aguila ; pterothoracic
setae and heads of the three instars of specimens taken from Buteo are shown in
Text-figs. 9, I1I-13, 15-17.

VARIATION AND HOST DISTRIBUTION. The detailed comparison made by Tendeiro
(1955 : 590) between specimens from Buteo buteo and Aquila chrysaétos has been
studied closely, but the conclusions reached are different ; this is probably due to the
availability of specimens from a greater number of species of Aquila and Buteo.
Through the kindness of Dr Tendeiro it has been possible to examine three males and
six females from Aguila chrysaétos ; these have been compared with 15 males and
30 females from six other species of Aquila and about 350 males and 400 females from
17 forms of Buteo. Certain characters were found to be too variable within the

Measurements in mm.

Male
B
c te ie |
A Length Breadth
cacometeet paar var si a: c ain =
Length Breadth . Range Mean Range Mean
Head. - 0°53 0°43 0°50-0°58 (17) 0°55 0°38-0°45 (17) 0°43
Prothorax . — O°30.—Ct« — — 0+25-0°30 (12) 0:27
Pterothorax . _— 0°47 — — 0+42-0'47 (12) 0°45
Abdomen « 2°28 0°58 I*O2-1'25 (10) 1:14 0+50-0:67 (10) 0°58
Total , - 2:06 —_— 1-83-2-20 (II) 2-02 _— —
Genitalia* - 0°34 —_ 0+34—-0:38 (4) 0°37 —_ _—
Head index . 0°81 — 0°75-0°79 (17) 0°77 — —
Female

Head ; - 0°60 0°47. . 0*58-0'62 (12) 0°59 0*45-0°49 (12) 0°47
Prothorax : — 0°30.—O — — 0+28—0-33 (10) 0-*29
Pterothorax . — 0-50 —«w — — 0*47-0°53 (10) 0-50
Abdomen ; — — . I+13-1-43 (9) 1°17 0:60-0:70 (10) 0°65
Total : : — — . -2*03-2*35 (9) 2°23 — —_—
Head index . 0:78 — . 0'77-0°81 (II) 0°79 — —

A. Single specimen from A. chrysaétos. B. Specimens from Buteo lagopus.

* Length of genitalia of male taken from anterior margin of basal apodeme to posterior
margin of endomeral plate. Number of specimens measured given in brackets. Head
index = breadth : length.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 147

Cc
Male
Length Breadth
, ces ~ i. | Ss > 2 |
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (10) . : . 0*50-0°55 0°53 0+40-0+ 43 (12) 0*42
Prothorax (7). ; — —_ 0:25-0:28 0:26
Pterothorax (7) . : — — 0*40—0°47 0°43
Abdomen (7). ; I*03-1 +22 1°13 ; 0-*50-0:60 0+54
Total (7) . ‘ , I *80-2-10 1-96 ‘ — _
Genitalia (4) ; , 0+ 33-0°37 —_ i — —
C.T..{z0) ‘ : 0+77-0:80 0:79 : — —
Female
Head (9) . ; ; 0+55-0°58 0°57 ; 0+44-0+46 0°45
Prothorax (9) . ‘ —_— — ‘ 0:27-0:28 0:28
Pterothorax (8) . ; — — : 0+46-0°49 0°47
Abdomen (7). ; 1-27-1°38 ¥*32 ‘ 0+ 58—0-62 0-60
Total (7) . ‘ ? 2*15-2°30 2°22 : — oem
C.i(9). *% ‘ , 0+76-0-80 0:78 : — —_

C. Specimens from Aquila clangula and A. wahlbergi.

D
Male
fo AW * Female
Length Breadth Breadth
Head : . ‘ 0+50-0°58 0:38-0°47 d 0*40—-0°50
Prothorax ‘ "i — 0:23-0:30 : —
Pterothorax . ‘ _— 0+38-0-48 : —
Abdomen ; : I 00-1 +32 0+48-0-67 ; —
Total Z ; < I+75-2°23 — : =
Ca : ; ‘ 0°75-0°81 — S =

D. Maximum and minimum measurements of specimens from Buteo species.

populations from one host species to be used for taxonomic divisions. These are :
exact curvature of the anterior margin of the head and thickness of the marginal
carinae, both these characters also seem to be affected by the method of treatment
(see p. 140) ; outline of gular plate and thoracic sternal plates and the number of
associated setae (Text-figs. 112-118) ; shape and extent of unsclerotized area of
tergite II ; central narrowing of fused tergite [X—X in male ; outline of male genital
plate ; exact outline of basal apodeme, differences in its total length and ratio of
its length to that of the mesosome ; shape of penial arms ; ratio of height to breadth
of female genital plate and exact outline of subvulval sclerites. Pl. 1, figs. 1-7,
show the variation in the shape of the head of specimens from various hosts ; figs.
3-4 are specimens from the same host individual and mounted on the same slide.
As already discussed above (p. 134) there is a tendency for the populations on larger

148 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

host species to have a greater number of larger individuals. This is true of the
populations from the species of Buteo: measurements of head breadth of 321 males
from 17 forms of Buteo and 396 females from 16 forms show a difference in the average
breadth of the head between some of these populations. Thus, in males (53 speci-
mens) from Buteo buteo (the smaller bird) the average is 0-41 mm., while in those

r——— en

EN eas

Fics. 54-57.—Male genitalia, ventral view of distal area. 54. D.elani. 55. D. rufa from
F. tinnunculus. 56. D. 1. vegalis from Milvus milvus. 57. D. punctifer.

(41 specimens) from Buteo jamaicensis borealis (the larger bird) the average is 0*44
mm. Populations from other species of Buteo have intermediate averages and there
is overlap in measurements of individuals of all populations. In addition to size
some of the populations are composed of individuals in which the head tends to be
more rounded anteriorly, such as that from Buteo jamaicensis (Pl. 1, fig. 7), although
even in this case there are individuals indistinguishable from those from other

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 149

hosts. For these reasons it has not been found possible to recognize taxonomically
the populations from the different species of Buteo and to separate these from the
populations from Aquila ; this is also true of the population parasitic on Geranoaetus.

There are considerable difficulties in placing the populations from the following
hosts : Ichthyophaga, Polemaétus, Lophaétus, Hieraaétus, and Spilornis, Specimens
from Ichthyophaga and Polemaétus can probably be included with fulva, but the avail-
able material is not in sufficiently good condition for exact comparison. Those from
Lophaétus and Hieraaétus are rather similar and have the anterior inner margin of
the marginal carina sloping posterolaterally instead of being nearly parallel with the
anterior margin as in typical fulva; however in some specimens the difference is
less marked and a similar condition is found in some specimens from Aquila wahlbergi.
In the specimens from Hieraaétus the shape of the penial arms differ slightly from
those of typical fulva, but in Lophaétus both types occur. The population from
Melierax musicus poliopterus resembles that from Lophaétus in the characters of
the margin carina, but specimens from some subspecies of Melierax metabates are
intermediate between the latter and fulva. Specimens from Sfilornis resemble the
Lophaétus population but have a broader head anteriorly and may differ in colour
pattern but the material is not in sufficiently good condition for identification.
Nymphs are available from the Melierax metabates population only ; these resemble
those from Buteo. Taking all these facts into consideration it does not seem that
at the present time the classification will be simplified by giving subspecific names to
all these poorly separable, perhaps inseparable, populations (see above p. 138) and
these are, therefore, here kept for the present under the name /ulva.

The material available from Melierax is confusing: as shown above that from
M. musicus poliopterus (5 3 from 3 individuals from Kenya) and that from some
forms of M. metabates ((11 g from Portugese E. Africa, Aden (1,000 $ and 2,068
Q in spirit), Morocco and SW. Africa)) are near fulva while 9 ¢ from M. gabar and
7 $ from M. metabates from two individuals from Uganda differ constantly in the
characters of the male genitalia and cannot be included in fulva. Specimens from
Hypomorphus urubitinga belong to the fulva species group but seem to differ in the
details of the male genitalia but the available material is not in sufficiently good
condition for a decision on this.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Three 4g, 6 2 from Aguila chrysaétos (Linn.), Portugal ;
3 2 from Aguila heliaca Savigny, Kurdestan ; 2 2 from Aguila rapax (Temminck),
Rajputana and Kenya; 3 4, 5 2 from Aquila clanga Pallas, Czechoslovakia and
Germany; 4 4, 5 2 from Aquila verreauxit1 Lesson, Rondebosch, South Africa ;
746,72 from Aquila wahlbergi, Sundevall, Uganda; 1 g, 8 9 from Aguila pomarina
Brehm, no data. Many males and females from the following forms of Buteo :
B. rufinus rufinus (Cretzschmar), B. rufinus cirtensis (Levaillant), B. rufofuscus
(R. J. Forster), B. 7. augur Riippell, B. hemilasius Temminck & Schlegel, B. regalis
(G. R. Gray), B. gamaicensis alascensis Grinnell, B. 7. borealis (Gmelin), B. 7. kriderii
Hoopes, B. 7. costaricensis Ridgway, B. harlani (Audubon), B. 1. lineatus (Gmelin),
B. b. buteo (Linn.), (including holotype, allotype and paratypes of D. giebeli Hopkins),
B. v. vulpinus (Gloger), B. b. burmanicus Hume, B. 1. lagopus (Pontoppidan), B. 1. s.-
johannis (Gmelin). Four ¢, 25 2 from Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis Swan,

150 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Chile. Eighteen g, 25 2 from Icthyophaga ichthyaetus tchthyaetus (Horsfield), Deccan,
India. Eight 3, 7 9 from Lophaétus occipitalis (Daudin), Sudan, Uganda, Kenya.

Seven 4, 7 2 from Hieraaétus ayresit (Gurney), Uganda ; 1 3, 1 9 from H. pennatus
(Gmelin), Palestine. Sixteen 3, 38 9 from Spilornis cheela albidus (Temminck), Raj-
putana; 2 3g, 1 2 from Spilornis c. cheela (Latham), Nepal, 2 3, 1 2 from Spilornis
c. burmanicus Swan, Thailand. Nine ¢, 7 2 from Polemaétus bellicosus (Daudin),
Natal and Zoo. Five 3g, 16 2 from Melierax musicus poliopterus Cabanis, Kenya ;
II g, 5 2 from Melierax metabates subspp. from Aden, Morocco, SW. Africa, Portugese
E. Africa.

Degeeriella rima sp. n.
Type host : Kaupifalco monogrammicus (Temminck)
(Text-figs. IoI, 123)

This subspecies is distinguished from fulva by the head being narrower and more
rounded anteriorly (Text-fig. 123), by the pleural thickening of at least some of the
segments having the ventral outline rounded and in the male by having a definite
lateral slit each side of the basal apodeme (Text-fig. ror). This last character should
not be confused with a displacement of the lateral thickening of the basal apodeme
at the usual slight interruption of this thickening, which may be found in any of the
species.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Eleven ¢, 8 2 from the type host from Uganda and N.
Rhodesia. ;

Holotype male and allotype female, slide No. 629 in the British Museum from
Kaupifalco monogrammicus (Temminck) from Bunyoro, Uganda collected by
W. J. Eggeling, 4.iv.1940 and presented by G. H. E. Hopkins. Paratypes: 10 3,
7 9 from the same host species with data as given above.

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
oa onl a) am bey. “ale aN
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (10) . ; : 0*49-0°53 0+52 ; 0*37-0°40 0-38
Prothorax (2) ; ; — — 0+23-0°25 —
Pterothorax (2) . ‘ — — ‘ 0+ 38-040 —
Abdomen (2) , ; 0+97-1°02 — ‘ O0+51-0'52 _—
Total (2) ‘ , ‘ I+73-1°83 — -- —
Genitalia (1) : 7 0+34 — , — —
C.I. (10) : ‘ ; 0*72-0°77 0°74 : —_— —
Female
Head (8) é ; : 0+53-0°59 0°57 ‘ 0*40-0°45 0°42

C.I. (8) ‘ ‘ . 0°735-0°775 0°76 : —_ --

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 151

Degeeriella africana sp. n.
Type host : Stephanoaétus coronatus (Linn.)
(Pl. 2, fig. 1; text-fig. 85)

This form is distinguished from fulva by the shape of the head and marginal carina
and the absence of a pleural seta on segment V.

Mate. Head with inner dorsal edge of marginal carina indented medially, ventral
suture reaches to anterior margin of head. Tergum II with median indentation,

Fics. 58-61. Male genitalia. 58-59.—D. guimardesi. 58. Ventral. 59. Dorsal.
60-61.—D. meinertzhageni. 60. Ventral. 61. Dorsal. da.—dorsal endomeral arm.

III with small median concavity of varying depth. Width of pleural thickening
as in fulva, but that of segment VII has a smaller re-entrant head. Genitalia as in
fulva, except that on the available material the sides of the basal apodeme appear to
be straighter.

FEMALE. Terga of IX-XI as in fulva. Genital plate relatively broader in the
anteroposterior line and subvulval sclerites shorter and blunter (Text-fig. 85).

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. As in fulva except that tergocentral setae of III-V
are normally 6, range 5-8, and there is no pleural seta each side of V.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Six 4, 8 2 from Stephanoaétus coronatus (Linn.), Nairobi,
Kenya, 5.ii.1917 (skin in Nairobi Museum) collected by G. H. E. Hopkins.

152 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Holotype male and allotype female, slide no 624 in the British Museum (Natural
History) from Stephanoaétus coronatus with data as given above, presented by Mr.
G. H. E. Hopkins. Paratypes: 5 3, 7 9 from the same host individual.

Measurements in mm.

Male
(5)
Length Breadth
r ai ane | —imniam
Range Mean Range Mean
Head . i : : 0+ 58-—0-60 0°58 : 0+47-0°48 0°47
Prothorax . ‘ : — —_ ; 0- 28-0: 33 0°32
Pterothorax . ‘ : — — . 0*47—0°50 0°49
Abdomen I+ 20-1 +33 1°25 ; 0+60—0-67 0-62
Total : 2*12-2°31 2*20 : — _
Genitalia (1) . 0+43 — ‘ _— _—
Ch 0+79-0°82 0-80 A — _
Female
Head (7) : , : 0+ 60-063 0-62 : 0-48-0°52 0-50
Prothorax (8) ‘ : —_ — ‘ O+31-0°35 0+33
Pterothorax (8). ‘ — _— : 0*49-0°55 0-52
Abdomen (6) , , I+22-1°50 1°37 4 0+63-0°70 0:67
Total (6) ‘ , 2*17-2°53 2°33 , — _
C.I. (7) : é ‘ 0:79-0:83 0-81 , —_ _—

Degeeriella beaufacies Ansari, 1955
Type Host: Butastur teesa (Franklin)
(Pl. 8, fig. 4; Text-figs. 2, 23, 43, 77)

Degeeriella beaufacies Ansari, 1955. Proc. VIIth Pakistan Sci. Conf., Biol. : 43. Host:
Butastur teesa.

Degeeriella beaufacies Ansari, 1956. Indian Journ. Entom. 17: 395 (1955). Host: Butastur
teesa.

It is being assumed that the specimens available from Buwtastur teesa are this species,
although in the first reference the few words of description do not distinguish the
species from any other Degeeriella, and the second reference, in which the species
is also referred to as new, is even less informative.

This species is distinguished from fulva by the form of the ventral suture, internal
and external male genitalia and the nymphs.

Mae. Shape of head similar to that of fulva, anterior margin varies from flattened
to somewhat rounded; ventral suture does not reach anterior margin of head ;
marginal carinae of temples as in fulva. Tergites and pleurites as in fulva. Geni-
talia differ from those of fulva in details of the mesosome (PI. 8, fig. 4, Text-fig. 43).
Internal genitalia as in Text-fig. 2.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 153

FEMALE. Terga of segments [IX—XI and genital region as in fulva, but inner
genital sclerites somewhat narrower (Text-fig. 77).

MEASUREMENTS. These fall within the range for specimens of D. fulva from
Buteo species. The measurements given by Ansari for the types of beaufacies are
markedly smaller.

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. As in fulva but the total number of marginal setae
on the last segment of the male varies from 11-17. One female has 2 tergocentral
setae on the anterior margin of IX as in discocephalus.

Fics. 62-63. Male genitalia, ventral view of distal area.
62. D. phlyctopygus. 63. D. mookerjeet.

Nympus. Third instar nymphs differ from those of fulva in having the preantennal
region narrowed to a greater extent anteriorly and somewhat pointed (Text-fig. 23).

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Eighty-one g, 65 2 from Butastur teesa from various locali-
ties in India; 1 g from Butastur liventer (Temminck) from Burma.

Degeeriella carrikeri sp. n.
Type host : Leucopternis polionota Kaup.
(Pl. 2, fig. 2, Text-figs. 27, 44, 86)

This species is distinguished from fulva by the sculpturing of the dorsal surface
of the head, pleural thickening and details of the male genitalia.
MALE. Head similar to that of fulva, but flattened anteriorly with slight median
concavity ; inner margin of marginal carina with median indentation; dorsal
ENTOM. 7, 4. 7

154 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

sculpturing more marked and forming semicircular patch near anterior margin of
head ; ventral suture passes nearly to anterior margin and is broad anteriorly ;
marginal carinae of temples as in fulva. Tergites as in fulva. Pleural thickening
broader than in fulva, with ventral outline of segments III—-VII and dorsal outline
of segments V—VII convex. Genitalia differ from those of fulva in the shape of
the basal apodeme and details of mesosome.

FEMALE. Terga of [X—XI and genital region as in fulva except for the shape of
the subvulval sclerites (Text-fig. 86).

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. As in fulva except for the smaller number of tergo-
central setae on segments II-V: II normally 4, range 3-5, III-V normally 6, range
4-7. Inthe male total number of marginal setae on last segment varies from 13-18.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Fifteen g, 11 9 from Leucopternis polionota Kaup from
S. Paulo, Brazil collected by S. Lima, November, 1949.

Holotype male and allotype female in the collection of Dr. L. R. Guimaraes from
Leucopternis polionota with the above data. Paratypes: 14 gf, 10 2 from the same
host individual.

Named in honour of Mr. M. A. Carriker.

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
A 7 =
c ™ os: \
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (15). ; . 0:60-0:62 0:61 . 0+46-0:49 0°47
Prothorax (10) ‘ . —- — . 0*3I-0°35 0°33
Pterothorax (10) . ; — — ‘ 0*45-0°53 0+48
Abdomen (10) : , I-+13-1+27 I-19 . 0+58-0°65 0-60
Total (10). ; ; 2*15-2°30 2°19 ; — —
Genitalia (3) . : - 0*408-0+412 — ; — _—
C.I. (15) : : - 0°770-0:795 0-786. — —
Female
Head (10) . . : 0:62-0:67 0°65 ; 0+48-0°52 0°51
C.I. (10) , ‘ - 0*790-0:815 0-796 . — —_

Degeeriella emersoni sp. n.
Type host : Buteogallus gundlachi1 (Cabanis)
(Text-figs. 28, 45, 78, 87)

This species is distinguished from fulva by the form of the marginal carina, pleural
thickening and male genitalia.

MALE. Head with general outline as in fulva, but anterior margin of marginal
carina flattened and slightly concave medially ; inner margin of marginal carina
indented medially ; ventral suture reaches to or nearly to anterior margin of head ;
marginal carinae of temples as in fulva. Abdominal tergites as in fulva. Pleural

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 155

thickening ventrally as in fulva, that is narrow with straight margin ; dorsal outline
broader and curved. Genitalia similar to those of fulva, but differ in details of penial
arms and endomeral plate.

FEMALE. Terga of IX—XI and genital region as in fulva ; genital plate and sub-
vulval sclerites as in Text-figs. 78, 87.

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae with range as in fulva, but
segments II-V normally have 6-7 rarely 8. Pleural and sternal setae as in fulva.
In the male the total number of marginal setae of the last segment varies from II-15.

Measurements fall within the range as given for specimens from Buteo lagopus
(see table).

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Twenty-three 4, 34 2 from Buteogallus gundlachi Cabanis
from Doce Legues, Cuba (collected by H. S. Peters). 4 3, 3 2 in rather poor
condition from Parabuteo unicinctus (Temminck) seem to belong to this species.

Holotype 3 and allotype 2 in U.S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington from Buteo-
gallus gundlachiit with data as above. Paratypes: 22 3, 33 9 from the same host
individual.

This species is named in honour of Dr. K. C. Emerson.

Degeeriella nisus (Giebel)

Specimens of Degeeriella have been seen from only nine species of Accipiter out
of the 44 listed by Peters (1931), but even this small number shows more diversity
in the populations from the different host species than in the case of the populations
from Buteo. Four forms are here recognized and placed as subspecies of nsus,
although when a greater amount of material is available from Accipiter it may be
necessary to recognize some of the populations as species. For instance, haydocki
and frater are rather different from misus and vagans and could perhaps be considered
as specifically distinct. It should be noted that there tends to be some variation in
the outline of the endomeral plate.

Degeeriella nisus nisus (Giebel), 1866
Type host : Accipiter n. nisus (Linn.)
(Pl. 3, fig. 1; Pl. 8, fig. 5; Text-figs. 24, 29, 46, 88, 110)

Niyvmus nisus Giebel, 1866. Z. ges. NatWiss. 28: 364. Host: Astur nisus = Accipiter
n, nisus (Linn.).

This species is distinguished. from fulva by the shape of the head, the form of the
marginal carina, the pleural thickening and the details of the male genitalia and
from fusca as given under that species.

MALE. Inner edge of marginal carina straight or with slight median indentation ;
small area of dorsal thickening immediately below marginal carina ; ventral suture
does not reach to anterior margin of head (Text-fig. 110). Marginal temporal
carinae broad with many indentations. Terga II-III indented medially. Pleural

156 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

thickening broad with ventral outline convex. Genitalia similar to those of fulva
but differ in detail (Pl. 8, fig. 5; Text-figs. 29, 46) ; there is some variation in the
shape of the dorsal endomeral and penial arms. Internal genitalia, represented
by one example in rather poor condition, appear to be the same as those of D. fulva
from Buteo buteo.

FEMALE. Abdominal terga of IX—X as in fulva. Genital region similar to that
of fulva ; subvulval sclerites as in Text-fig. 88.

Fics. 64-69.— 64-67.—D. phiyctopygus. 64. Male genitalia. 65. Pleural thickening
of segment IV. 66. Male thoracic sternal plate. 67. Dorsal arms of endomeral plate.
68-69.—D. mookerjeci. 68. Pleural thickening of segment IV. 69. Dorsal arms of
endomeral plate.

—
eee

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae: II normally 4, range 3-5;
III-VI normally 6, range 4-7, VIII range 4-6 ; X in the male with 1 seta each side
(58 specimens examined), in the female 2 each side; in the male total number of
marginal setae, dorsal and ventral on last segment varies from 5-12. Pleural
and sternal setae as in fulva.

Nympus. Anterior margin of head of third instar rather less flattened than in
adult (Text-fig. 24).

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Sixty-six g¢, 113 2 from various subspecies of Accipiter
nisus (Linn.) from the British Isles, Hungary, Cyprus, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan and

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 157

Pakistan. Two 4, 4 2 from Accipiter striatus velox (Wilson) from British Columbia
and U.S.A. are included under nisus nisus, although in the small number of specimens
available the marginal temporal carinae are somewhat narrower.

Neotype of Nirmus nisus Giebel: Male, slide no. 627, in the British Museum
(Natural History) from Accipiter n. nisus (Linn.) from Kildare, Ireland, presented
by Mr. G. H. E. Hopkins.

Degeeriella nisus vagans (Giebel), 1874
Type host : Accipiter gentilis (Linn.)
(P]..3; fig. 2)

Nirmus vagans Giebel, 1874. Insecta epizoa:126. Host: Astur palumbarius = Accipiter
gentilis (Linn.).

This differs from the nominate form in the larger average size of both sexes, the
shape of the head, the inner edge of the marginal carina, which is usually rather more
indented medially, the narrower and less indented marginal carinae of the temples
and the number of tergocentral setae. Tergocentral setae: II normally 6 (rarely
5 or 8, often 7); III-V normally 8; VI-VIII normally 6; thus in msus the total
number of tergocentral setae on segments III-V is 15-20, normally 18 and in vagans
22-26, normally 24.

Nympus. Third instar nymphs with head similar to those of nisus nisus, but
differ slightly reflecting the differences in the adult heads.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Forty-one g, 44 92 from Accipiter gentilis (Linn.) from
Germany, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Canada and Alaska. Fourteen ¢, 48 92
from Accipiter coopertt (Bonaparte) from United States of America and British
Columbia are not separable from vagans.

Neotype of Nirmus vagans (Giebel), 1874: Male, slide no. 628 in the British Museum
(Natural History) from Accipiter gentilis from Rheinfelden, Switzerland, 15.11.1943
presented by Mr. G. H. E. Hopkins.

Measurements in mm.

Male
D. n. nisus
Length Breadth
eS cr = .
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (50) . ; ‘ 0*45-0°52 0*49 ‘ 0+33-0°39 0-36
Prothorax (10) . ; — — : 0*22-0°25 0°23
Pterothorax (10) : —_— — : 0+ 33-038 0-36
Abdomen (10) . , 0+QO-I-I0 0+99 : 0+42-0'53 0-48
Total (10) . . - 1+56-1-87 1°72 ; --- —
Genitalia (2) . : 0+29-0°31 — ; — —

C2..(s0) -. ° . 0+73-0°79 0-76 : _ —

158 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Male
D. n,. vagans
Head (12) . : 4 0+52-0°56 0°54 0+39-0'43 (30) 0°42.
Prothorax (10) . ; — — 0+*27—0°29 0:28
Pterothorax (11) : — — 0*42-0'47 0°44
Abdomen (10) I*O5-1-+17 III : 0*55-0°59 0°57
Total (10) . 1°83-2-00 1-94 - — —_
Genitalia (1) 0+32 — : — —
Ca. (52) 0:77-0:80 0°79 ‘ — —
Female
D. n,. nisus
Head (10) . ; , 0+52-0'57 0+54 0+37-0°42 (30) 0-40
Prothorax (10) . : — _— 0+22-0:27 0+26
Pterothorax (10) ; — — 0+37-0°43 O*4I
Abdomen (10) . ; I+I3-1°36 1°27 0+45-0°58 0+54
Total (10) . 2 I ‘QI-2°23 2:09 - — _
ils (0) : ‘ 0+73-0°78 0°75 ; — —
Female
D. n. vagans
Head (12) . : , 0+57-0'58 0°57 0+42—0°46 (30) 0°45
Prothorax (10) . : — — 0+ 28-0 +32 0*30
Pterothorax (10) ‘ — — 0*47-0°49 0°48
Abdomen (10) . ; I+2I-1I°35 I*30 0*57-0°63 0-62
Total (10) . : 2*O7-2°25 2°19 ; — st
CT. (z2)°... . : 0:74-0:81 0:78 : —_ =.

Degeeriella nisus frater (Piaget), 1880
Type host (emended) : Accipiter badius (Gmelin)
(Pl. 3, fig. 3: Text-figs. 25, 31-32, 47)

Nirmus frater Piaget, 1880. Pediculines : 145, pl. 12, fig. 2. Host: Lamprotornis amethystina.
Error.

Nirmus frater is represented in the Piaget collection by a single male labelled as
from the original host with “‘ Habesh’”’ in brackets, perhaps Habesh in N. Syria.
It has not been possible to separate specimens from Accipiter badius (African and
Syrian birds, see below) from the type of frater (although exact comparison of the
male genitalia is not possible) and it is presumed that this bird was the original host.

This subspecies is distinguished from the nominate form by the shape of the head,
by the slight concavity of the central part of the outer edge of the marginal carina,
by the rather larger dorsal central thickening below the marginal carina, by the
narrower and more curved penial arms and the shape of the endomeral plate. There
is, however, some variation in this last character (Text-figs. 31-32). Tergum II
does not have a narrow median indentation as is usual in nisus, but a shallow con-

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 159

cavity which is sometimes hardly visible ; tergum III and chaetotaxy of the abdomen

as in nisus.
Nympus. Second and third stage nymphs have been seen from A badius poliopsis
and third stage from A. virgalus affinis, these resemble each other and differ from

Pe tetetetetal To

Fics. 70-79. 70-76.—Female genital regions. 70. D. fulva from Aquila chyrsaétos.
71. D. hopkinsi. 72. D. d. discocephalus. 73. D. meinertzhageni. 74. D. guimardesi.
75.D. rufa. 76. D.elbeli. 77. Inner genital sclerite of D. beaufacies. 78-79.—Female
genital plates. 78. D. emersoni. 79. D. leucopleura.

those of Degeeriella n. nisus and D. n. vagans in having the anterior margin of the
head more pointed and a larger thickened area anteriorly.

Specimens have been seen from subspecies of Accipiter badius from Syria, Somali-
land, Uganda, Kenya, Nepal and Thailand. Those from the Thailand birds (A.

160 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

badius poliopsis) tend to differ from those from the Syrian and African birds in having
the outer edge of the marginal carina somewhat more concave medially and in having
none or very few indentations in the inner edge of the marginal carina laterally.
The specimens from Nepal resemble those from Thailand in the form of the anterior
margin of the head and the African specimens in the lateral indentations of the,
marginal carina. However, there are individuals from all these localities which are
indistinguishable from each other ; it does not seem reasonable, therefore, to dis-
guish taxonomically the populations from these different subspecies of Accipiter
badius. There is also some variation in the shape of the dorsal endomeral arms.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. One ¢ type of Nirmus frater; males and females from
Accipiter badius (Gmelin) from Syria (1 g, 3 9), from Africa (Uganda, Kenya,
Somaliland, 14 3, 26 $), from Nepal (23 3, 27 9), from Burma (7 3, Io 9) and
Thailand (9 g, 14 9). Three g, 8 2 from Accipiter tachiro (Daudin) from Uganda
and S. Africa. One g, 4 2 from Accipiter virgatus affinis Hodgson from Thailand
and 2 3, 3 2 from A. virgatus gularis (Temminck & Schlegel) from Thailand.

Lectotype of Nirmus frater Piaget: 3 (slide no. 1270) in the Piaget collection,
British Museum (Natural History).

Measurements in mm.
Lectotype (3) of frater

Length Breadth
Head . : é 0°57 : 0°43
Prothorax : s —_ F 0:29
Pterothorax . é ite ; 0°47
Abdomen F ‘ 1-18 ‘ 0°58
Total “4. . = 2°03 : —
Genitalia : . 0+ 33

C.£ . : . — ° —

Breadth of Head of Male Specimens from Accipiter badius

East Africa (11) Nepal (22) Thailand (10)
ae A 2 rs on Y r ap me. '
Range Mean Range Mean Range Mean
0:38-0:42 0+40 , 0+38-0°43 0°42 ; 0+ 38-040 0*39

Degeeriella nisus haydocki subsp. n.
Type host : Acctpiter minullus (Daudin)
(Pl. 2, fig. 3)

This form is separated from the other known subspecies of mzsus with the exception
of epustulata by having only four tergocentral setae on segments II-VIII. It is
separated from this latter species by the size and shape of the head. It resembles
frater in the characters of the anterior margin of the marginal carina ; in having a
dorsal triangular-shaped thickening below the marginal carina, which is rather larger ;
in the form of tergum II and in the shape of the penial arms.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 161

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Nine 4, 11 Q from Accipiter minullus (Daudin) from
Gulu, Uganda and N. Rhodesia.

Holotype male and allotype female, slide no 625 in the British Museum (Natural
History). from Accipiter minullus, Mulashi, N. Rhodesia, 27.vi.1955 collected by
Major E. L. Haydock. Paratypes: 8 g, 10 2 from the same host species with data
as given above.

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
fa ans ae C — Y
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (9) ; : ; 0+49-0°53 0-50 0+35-0°37 0-360
Prothorax (7) ; : — — 0-24-0:26 0-250
Pterothorax (7). ‘ — — 0+ 37-039 0°375
Abdomen (7) : j 0°95-1°05 0:97 . 0+46-0:50 0°475
Total (7) ; é : I+7I-1-83 1°75 : — —_—
Genitalia (2) . ; . 0*325-0°330 — : — —
C.I. (9) , ‘ F 0:69-0:73 O-71 : — —
Female
Head (10) . ‘ ; 0+53-0°57 0°55 0+37-0°42 0+39
Prothorax (8) ; , — — 0+26-0-28 0°27
Pterothorax (8) . ; — — 0+40-0+43 0*42
Abdomen (8) ; ; I-I7-1:27 ier : 0+52-0'57 0°53
Total (8) , : i 2+00-2+10 2°03 ; — —
C.I. (10) ; : i 0:68-0:74 0°71 s — —

Degeeriellia nisus epustulata (Carriker), 1903
Type host : Accipiter bicolor (Vieillot)
(Text-fig. 124)
Nirmus fuscus epustulatus Carriker, 1903. Univ. Nebr. Stud. 3: 133. Host: Accipiter bicolor.

Through the kindness of Mr. Carriker it has been possible to examine a single
female paratype of this form. It resembles haydocki in having only four tergal
setae on each of segments III-VIII, but differs from this form in the shape of the
head and the larger size.

Measurements in mm.

Female
Length Breadth
Head. ; ; 0-60 : 0°47
Prothorax : R — é 0+30
Pterothorax . ‘ — F 0°47
Abdomen ‘ I +30 : 0°57

Total , . < 2°12 ‘ -—

162 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Degeeriella fusca (Denny), 1842
Type host : Circus ae. aeruginosus (Linn.)
(Pl. 4, fig. 3; Pl. 8, fig. 6; Text-figs. 3, 30, 48)

Nirmus fuscus Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 49, 118. Host: Circus rufus = Circus ae.
aeruginosus (Linn.).
Niymus socialis Giebel, 1874. Insecta epizoa:127. Wosts: Circus cineraceus = C. pyargus

(Linn.), and C. aeruginosus (Linn.

Nirmus aeruginost Denny, 1852. List Brit. Animals in Brit. Mus., pt. 11, Anoplura: 16.

Nomen novum for Nirmus fuscus Denny.

Kélerinirmus circi Boetticher & Eichler, 1954. Biol. Zbl. 73: 215. Host: Circus aeruginosus

(Linn.).

Hopkins (1947 : 76) has discussed the confusion which has arisen over the author
of this name and the type host and shown that Denny must be considered as the
sole author with Circus ae. aeruginosus as the type host.

This species resembles most nearly D. . nisus from which it is distinguished by
the colour pattern and details of the male genitalia.

MALE. Dorsal surface of head with an area of lighter sclerotization between the
anterior dorsal setae. Inner dorsal margin of marginal carina indented medially ;
ventral suture as in misus. Tergites II-III with median indentation ; central area
of tergite II more strongly pigmented than lateral areas. Pleural thickening broad
and strongly pigmented with dark inner line, contrasting with the rather lightly
sclerotized terga ; this character is not so marked in specimens from Circus cyaneus.
Genitalia similar to those of fulva but differ in detail. Internal genitalia as shown in
Text-fig. 3.

FEMALE. Terga of IX—XI and genital region as in fulva.

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae: II normally 6, range 5-7;
III-IV normally 8, range 6-9; V normally 7-8, range 5-8; VI-VII normally
6, range 5-8; VIII normally 6, range 4-6; X in the male has 1 seta each side
(58 examined), in the female 2 each side; total number of marginal setae on last
segment varies from 6-12. Pleural and sternal setae as in fulva.

Nympus. Third instar nymphs have been seen from two host species, Circus
cyaneus and C. melanoleucus ; these have the anterior margin of the head more
pointed than in the adult.

HosT DISTRIBUTION. There appear to be no taxonomically recognizable differ-
ences between the population from the five species of Circus listed below. Eleven
specimens from one host individual of Circus melanoleucus average somewhat smaller
(breadth of head: 0-40 mm.). Specimens from Circus cyaneus do not seem to have
the colour pattern quite typical of fusca, except for the darker central area of tergum
II ; it is possible that these may prove to be a distinct subspecies, but fresh material
from all hosts is needed.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Fifty-five g, 81 2 from Circus aeruginosus (Linn.) from
Czechoslovakia, Malta, Cyprus, Saudi Arabia, India, Ceylon, Cape Colony; 13
3, 37 2 from Circus c. cyaneus (Linn.) from Orkneys, Hungary and Czechoslovakia ;

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 163

10 4, 12 9 from Circus cyaneus hudsonius (Linn.) from British Columbia and various
localities in the United States of America; 55 3, 74 2 from Circus pygargus (Linn.)
from Cyprus and Kenya; 16 g, 24 9 from Circus macrourus (S. G. Gmelin) from
N. Africa, Saudi Arabia and Aden; 10 g, 9 9 from Circus melanoleucus (Pennant)

weet
- a
—

90 = 94 95

Fics. 80-95. 80~-83.—Female genital regions. 80—81.—D. r. regalis, to show variation ;
80 from Milvus m. milvus and 81 from Milvus migrans aegyptius. 82. D. rv. castanea.
83. D. punctifer. 84-95.—Subvulval sclerites. 84. D. fulva from Aquila chrysaétos.
85. D. africana. 86. D.carrikeri. 87. D. emersoni. 88. D.n.nisus. 8g. D. leucopleura.
go. D. elbeli. 91. D. elani. 92. D. tendeivoi. 93. D. meinertzhageni. 94. D. guima-
vaest. 95. D. rufa from Falco tinnunculus.

from Assam and Thailand. In the Denny collection there are 7 9 labelled Nirmus
fuscus by the person responsible for mounting this collection and who rarely kept
Denny’s original labels. These specimens have no host label, but three of the slides
have a small circular (probably original) label with what appears to be ‘‘ aeruginos ”’.
This must refer either to aeruginosi, the new name given to fuscus by Denny in 1852
or to the name of the host, C. aeruginosus, The three females so labelled together

164 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

with one other are the species usually found on C. aeruginosus : two other females
are D. 7. regalis and presumably came from Milvus ictinus referred to by Denny (1842 :
11g) and one other female is D. fulva and presumably came from Buteo lagopus also
referred to by Denny. One of the females labelled ‘‘ aeruginos’’ will be selected
as lectotype of fusca.

Lectotype: 9, slide no. 350, in the Denny collection, British Museum (Natural
History) ; paratypes, 3 9 in the same collection,

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
ray eS Sag oy aie > cm
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (50) . ; : O*5I-0'57 0+54 ; 0+39-0°45 0+42
Prothorax (10) — — . 0-25-0:28 0:27
Pterothorax (10) . : — _— ; 0+42-0°45 0°43
Abdomen (10) I +08-1+23 I-I4 ; 0+52-0:60 0+56
Total (10) 1 +88-2-+12 1-98 ‘ — te
Genitalia (2) . 0+ 32-0°35 — ; — —
C.I. (50) 0+75-0:81 0:78 : — —
Female
(Io)
Head .. ‘ j : 0+57-0:60 0:58 0*42-0°47 0°45
Prothorax . ; ; — — 0*28-0°31 0-29
Pterothorax . F , — — 0+47-0°50 0-48
Abdomen. ; : I+3I-1+40 1+36 0:62-0:68 0:64
Total : j 2*22-2°42 2°28 ; — =
es Se ‘ ‘ , 0+75-0°80 0+78 ‘ — —

Degeeriella hopkinsi sp. n.
Type host: Terathopius ecaudatus (Daudin)
(Pl. 4, fig. 2; Text-figs. 33, 49, 71)

This species is distinguished from the rest of the fulva species group by the presence
of a pleural seta on segment IV.

Mate. Head broad and rounded anteriorly; inner edge of marginal carina
indented dorsally in mid-line ; ventral suture extends to or nearly to the anterior
margin. Terga II-III indented ; pleural thickening narrow with re-entrant heads
normal only on segment III, gradually becoming more and more reduced on the
following segments. Genitalia similar to those of fulva but differ in detail (Text-
figs. 33, 49). There is some variation in the number and position of the setae
associated with the ventral arms of the endomeral plate in the five males examined :
two specimens had an extra seta each side anterior to the end of the arms, one had
three setae on one arm and on the other one anterior to the arm and one on the arm,
one specimen was normal and in one the setae could not be seen.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 165

FEMALE. Terga of IX-XI as in fulva. Genital region similar to fulva but
genital plate narrower from side to side and the subvulval sclerites shorter with
blunter ends (Text-fig. 71) ; there are fewer sensillae anterior to the vulval margin.

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae: II, 6; III-V, 6-8; VI-VIII,
6; X in the male has 1-2 each side and in the female 2. Pleural and sternal setae
as in fulva except that there is a pleural seta each side of IV.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Five 3, 11 2 from Terathopius ecaudatus (Daudin) from
Lodwar, Kenya, 7.iv.1934 (skin in Nairobi Museum) collected by G. H. E. Hopkins.

Holotype male and allotype female slide no. 623 in the British Museum (Natural
History) from Terathopius ecaudatus with data as given above, presented by Mr.
Hopkins. Paratypes: 4 3, 10 9 from the same individual.

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
ta se me | ia “ip era
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (5) : 3 ‘ 0+53-0°57 0°55 , 0°43-0°48 0°45
Prothorax (5) ‘ - — — ‘ 0+ 28-0: 30 0:28
Pterothorax (5). . — — ; 0+43-0°49 0°47
Abdomen (4) I*I2-1+22 1°18 , 0+58-0°65 0-62
Total (4) I +Q2—2:°07 2+00 d — —
Genitalia (1) . 0-38 _ : — —_
CE; (5) 0:81-0:85 0:82 : — —
Female
Head (11). : : 0+53-0°59 0°57 : 0*45-0°50 0°47
Prothorax (7) i i — — F 0:28-0:30 0:28
Pterothorax (7). : —_ — : 0*47—-0°50 0-48
Abdomen (7) ‘ : 1-18-1°28 1+25 , 0:60-0:63 0:62
Total (7) ‘ : 2°O7-2°17 2°13 : — —
C.I. (11) ‘ : , 0°82-0°85 0°83 ; —_— —_—

Degeeriella leucopleura (Nitzsch), 1874
Type host : Circaétus cinerascens J. W. Muller

(Pl. 4, fig. 1; Text-figs. 34, 50, 79, 89)

Nirmus leucopleurus Nitzsch, 1874. In Giebel, Insecta epizoa: 129. Host: Falco brachy-
dactylus = Circaétus cinerascens J. W. Muller.
Nirmus temporalis Piaget, 1890. Tijdschr. Ent. 33: 228. Pl. 8, fig. 6. Host: Buceros manil-

lensis. Error.

This is a distinctive species separated by the shape of the head, form of the pleural
thickening and absence of pleural seta on V.

Mate. Head broad with preantennal region rounded; inner dorsal edge of
marginal carina with slight median indentation ; ventral suture does not reach
anterior margin. Abdomen elongated and with neither terga II nor III with a

166 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

definite median slit-like indentation although II may show a slight concavity. In
spite of the elongated abdomen the pleural thickening does not have the strongly
sclerotized re-entrant heads characteristic of this species group. Genitalia as shown
in Text-figs. 34, 50.

FEMALE. Terga of IX-XI as in fulva. Posterior margin of genital plate deeply
emarginate and subvulval sclerites stouter than in fulva (Text-figs. 79, 89).

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae: II normally 6, range 4-6;
III-V normally 8, range 6-8; VI-VII normally 6, range 5-7; VII normally 4,
range 3-4; X in the male with 1 each side, in female 2 each side. One female has
4 tergocentral setae on II and 6 on III-VII. Pleural setae: II-V, 0; VI-VII,

Fics. 96-98. Degeeriella phiyctopygus, female. 96. Genital region. 97. Subvulval
sclerites. 98. Dorsal view of segments IX-XI. ig.—inner genital sclerites; os.—
opening of spermathecal tube ; sv.—subvulval sclerite.

2 each side; VIII, 3; in the male IX has 3 and X, 0. In the female IX has 3 and X
2 each side. Sternocentral setae: II-VI normally 4, one male has 3 on VI and
one female has 6 on V; in the male the last segment does not have the usual spine-
like seta each side and the second seta therefore, if present, is not distinguishable
from the marginal setae which total from 10-15.

Nympus. Second and third instars have the curvature of the anterior margin
of the head similar to that of the adult ; the preantennal region is shorter and the
sides less straight, as is usual in nymphs.

Nirmus temporalis Piaget said to have come from Buceros manillensis is represented
in the Piaget collection by a single male which appears to be the same as D. leucopleura
and is presumably a straggler from Czrcaétus.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Four 4, 2 2 from Circaétus cinerascens J. W. Miller from
Kapenguria, Kenya and 1 ¢ from the same host species from E. Africa (skin) ;
7 3g, 11 2 from Circaétus gallicus (Gmelin) from France, Czechoslovakia, Egypt
(skin) and Cameroons (skin); 1 g, 1 2 from Circaétus cinereus Vieillot from
Portuguese Guinea.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 167

Lectotype of Nirmus temporalis Piaget : gin the British Museum (Natural History),
slide no. 1421. .

Neotype of Degeeriella leucopleura (Nitzsch): 3 in the Meinertzhagen collection,
British Museum (Natural History), slide no. 20568 from Circaétus cinerascens from
Kapenguria, Kenya, March 1956.

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
( 5 ae) US A me
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (5) ‘ ; : 0:65-0:67 0-66 : 0*52-0'53 0:52
Prothorax (5) , , — _ ‘ 0+32-0:33 0:33
Pterothorax (5). ‘ —_ — ‘ 0*50-0°55 0:52
Abdomen (3) I+ 32-1 +43 1-38 : 0:65-0:68 0:67 (5)
Total (3) 2°33-2°45 -2°39Cti«i a a
Genitalia (1) . 0°43 — ; —_ —
C.I. (5) 0:79-0:81 0:80 é — —
Female
Head (2) ‘ : : 0:68-0:69 — 0°53
Prothorax (2) : ; — — 0°35 —
Pterothorax (2). : — — 0*53-0°55 —
Abdomen (1) , ; +40 — 0:67 —
Total (1) ‘ : , 2°43 — —
C.I. (2) ‘ : : 0:77-0:78 a a -~

The discocephalus Species Group

1. Head index greater than 0:94.

2-3. As in fulva group.

4. Thoracic sternal plate as in Text-fig. 119.

5. Thorax and abdomen with shape as in Pl. 9, fig. I.

6-7. As in fulva group.

8. Pleural thickening without well sclerotized re-entrant heads.

g. Sternite II in form of central triangular plate, III-VI narrow central strips of
sclerotization.

10. Male genital plate small and irregular and less indented laterally than in
fulva group.

11-13. As in fulva group.

14. Setae each side of posterodorsal margin of pterothorax variable in number and
position.

15. Pleural setae absent on segments II-III.

16. Sternocentral setae of segments III-VI variable.

17. As in fulva group.

This species group is distinguished from the fulva group by the shape of head and
abdomen ; from the punctifer group by the absence of head sutures and chaetotaxy
of the temples, and in the females by the dorsal chaetotaxy of tergum IX and in the
male by the characters of the male genitalia.

168 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Degeeriella discocephalus discocephalus (Burmeister), 1838
Type host : Haliaeétus albicilla (Linn.)
(Pl. 9, fig. 1; Text figs. 35, 51, 72, 106, 119)

Nivmus discocephalus Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent. 1: 430. Host: Agquil. albicilla
= Haliaeétus albicilla (Linn.).

Nirmus discocephalus var. amblys Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2), 6: 499, pl. 67,
fig.6. Host: Haliaeéetus leucocephalus (Linn.).

The specimens used by Burmeister for his description of this species were figured
by Nitzsch in Giebel, 1874 (pl. 7, fig. 10) and represent the species described below.

MALE. Marginal carina thick and entire ; ventral suture reaches to or nearly to
inner margin of marginal carina. Thoracic sternal plate as in Text-fig. 119, but
shows some variation in outline ; posterodorsal marginal setae of pterothorax variable
in number and position, 4-6 each side (omitting the lateral spine-like seta and the
seta with sunken alveolus). Tergum II with median unsclerotized area, tergum
III somewhat narrowed medially. Genitalia of fulva type ; dorsal endomeral arms
may or may not join basal apodeme.

FEMALE. This species differs from all other known Degeeriella in having two
(occasionally one) setae in the middle of the anterior region of tergite IX ; these
setae are occasionally found as an abnormality in species of the fulva group. The
subvulval sclerites are small and indistinct and almost covered by the vulva (Text-
fig. 72).

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae: II range 6-8; III-V, normally
8, range 6-9 ; range 6-8 ; VII-VIII normally 6, range 6-7 ; X in the male normally
2 each side, range 2-4; in the female IX has 2 (rarely I) anterior setae ; X has 2
each side. Pleural setae; II-III, 0; IV-V, 1 each side; VI-VII, 2 (occasionally
I or 3 on one side); VIII, 3; IX, 2; X in the male has o and in the female 2.
Sternocentral setae irregular in number: II, 4-7; III-IV, 5-8; V, 5-7; VI,
4-7; total number of setae of segments II-VI of specimens counted varied from
24-34 ; in the male the last pair of sternal setae are both elongated. Total number
of marginal setae of last segment in male varies from 12-16.

NympuH. One third instar from Haliaeétus albicilla has been seen, this resembles
the adult in the shape of the head.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Fourteen 4, 12 9 from Haliacétus albicilla (Linn.) from
Germany, Czechoslovakia, Finland and Russia; 2 g, 5 2 from Haliacetus pelagicus
(Pallas) from Siberia ; 7 3, 3 2 from Haliaeétus 1. leucocephalus (Linn.) from various
localities in N. America. There appear to be no constant characters on which the
population (i.e. D. amblys (Kellogg)) found on this latter host can be separated from
discocephalus. |

Neotype of Nirmus discocephalus Burmeister: ¢ in the British Museum (Natural
History), slide no. 617 from Haliaeétus albicilla from Samorin, Czechoslovakia,
Q.xil. 1952.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 169

‘oe Pe

108

Fics. 99-108. 99. Male antenna, D. mookerjeei. 100. D. guimardest, terminal segments
of male abdomen. tor. D. rvima, basal apodeme (lateral slits somewhat exaggerated).
102—103.—Male genital plates. 102. D. fuluafrom Aquila chrysaétos. 103. D. punctifer.
104. D. rufa from Falco tinnunculus, pleural thickening of segment IV, ventral.
105—108.—Segments IX—XI of female abdomens, dorsal. 105. D. fulva from Aquila
chrysaétos. 106. D. d. discocephalus. 107. D. rufa from F. tinnunculus. 108. D. punctifer.

ENTOM, 7, 4.

170 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
C conactie ii.’ c sla ow
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (11). : ; 0+44-0°47 0*46 ; 0+ 42—0°47 0°45
Prothorax (6) ; ‘ — — ; 0+25-0°28 0'27
Pterothorax (8) . ‘. — — ‘ 0+35-0°43 0+40
Abdomen (7) 0-70-0°87 0°77 ; 0+52—0:68 (8) 0:61
Total (7) : I+37-1°53 1°45 ‘ — —
Genitalia (3) . : , 0+42-0'44 — , _— —
Ci. 423) ; ‘ 0-96-1°00 0-98 f — —
Female
Head (7) ; ; ; 0*50-0°53 o*51 : 0*50-0°53 0+52
Prothorax (6) , : — — X 0+ 28-0: 33 0-31
Pterothorax (6) . : — — ‘ 0+45-0'49 0+46
Abdomen (6) ; ‘ 0+97-1°13 1-05 ; 0*68-0°77 0°73
Total (6) ‘ . ; I+17-1°95 1°83 ; — —_
C.F.) , : ’ I ‘00-1 +03 I‘OI : — —

Degeeriella discocephalus aquilarum Eichler, 1943
Type host: Aguila n. nipalensis (Hodgson)
(Pl. 9, fig. 2)

Degeeriella aquilarum Eichler, 1943. Zool. Anz. 142: 92, fig. 1. Host: Aquila n. nipalensis
(Hodgson).
This subspecies is close to the nominate form, from which it can be separated by
the shape of the anterior margin of the head, the slightly better developed pleural

thickening, especially on segment III and the fewer number of tergo- and sternocentral
setae as follows :

Tergocentral II-VIII Sternocentral II-VI
Le aie ~— me ft st YY
Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum
D.d.discocephalus . 52 48 — . 34 24
D.d aquilarum . ‘ 42 38 i 22 18

(1 2 with 31)

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Nine 4, 8 2 from Aguila n. nipalensis Hodgson from
Somaliland; 1 g, 1 2 from Aguila nipalensis orientalis Cabanis, no data; 4 4,
4 2 from Aguila chrysaétos (Linn.) from Norway and Serbia; 1 g, 2 9 from Aguila
pomarina hastata (Lesson) from Rajputana, India and Manipur ; 8 J, 4 9 from Aguila
vapax raptor A. E. Brehm from Somaliland ; 4 3, 3 2 from Aguila h. heliaca Savigny
from Czechoslovakia, Egypt and Rajputana, India; 1 9 from Aguila clanga Pallas
from Russia.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA z71

There appear to be no constant differences between the populations from these
species of Aguila, although no doubt there will be found some differences in average
sizes when larger numbers are available.

Measurements in mm.
Specimens from Aquila n. nipalensis

Male
(9)
Length Breadth
¥ ee

CAs ‘\ tS IE |
Range Mean Range Mean
Head . : , ; 0*44-0°47 0°45 ; 0*43-0°47 0°45
Prothorax . : ° — — 3 0+25-0°27 0:26
Pterothorax . ‘ ; — — ; 0+ 38-042 0+40
Abdomen. ; ‘ 0:81-0:93 0:89 : 0+55-0°67 0:62

Total . : ; j I+45-1°63 1+56 d — —

Gey : - , 0+96-1-02 0-99 : — —_

The elani Species Group

1-5. As in fulva group.

6. As in fulva group : elbeli and tendeivo1r. Tergal plates of segment XI apparent
in male: elant, meinertzhagem, guimardest.

7. As in fulva group: elbeli, tendetroi and guimardesi. As in rufa group: eant
and meinerizhagent.

8-9. As in fulva group.

ro. As in fulva group: elbelt. Male genital plate laterally indented to a greater
extent : elant, tendeiroi, meinertzhagem and guimardest.

ir. As in fulva group: elbeli, elant, tendetrot, meinertzhagem. Female genital
plate with median prolongation : guimardesi.

1z. As in fulva group: elbeli, elant, tendeirot. Inner genital sclerites fused:
metinertzhagent and guimardest.

13. As in fulva group: elbelt, elani, tendeiror. Distinctive types: metnerizhagent
and guimaréest.

14. As in fulva group.

15. Pleural setae absent on segments II-IV: elbeli. Pleural setae absent on
segments II-V: elani, tendeirot, meinertzhagent, guimardest.

16-17. As in fulva group.

It is apparent that these five species do not form a very homogeneous group and
are here placed together mainly on the form of the ventral carinae which show a
greater development anteriorly than those of any other species groups ; this character
is more marked in meinertzhagent and guimardesi than in the others. Apart from
this character e/belt and perhaps tendeivoit could be included in the fulva group ; the
rest of the species share some rather distinctive characters ; guimardest has certain
characters found elsewhere only in rufa. It is possible that these five species do not,
in fact, form a related group.

172 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Degeeriella elbeli Clay, 1958
Type Host : Aviceda lewphotes burmana (W. L. Sclater)
(Pl. 7, figs. 3,6; Text-figs. 52, 76, go)

Degeeriella elbeli Clay, 1958. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 27: 6, Pl. 1, figs. 3, 6; Text-figs, 3,

9, 14,17. Host: Aviceda leuphates burmana (W. L. Sclater),

This species is distinguished from the rest of the species group by the presence
of pleural setae on segment V, by the shape of the head and the male genitalia.
is separated from members of the fulva group, which it resembles in many characters,
by the greater development of the ventral carinae oe and by a combination

Cot 4

SAS!

116 117 118

112 113

119 121

120

122

Fics. 109-122. 109—111.—Central anterior margin of head. 109. D. fulva from Buteo

lagopus. 110. D. n. nisus. 111. D. rufa, 112-122.—Thoracic sternal plates.
118.—D. fulva ($3) to show variation. 112-114. From Aquila chrysaétos.

116. From Aquila wahlbergi. 117. From Buteo lagopus. 118. From Buteo buteo.
119. D. d. discocephalus (g). 120. D. rufa (9) from F. tinnunculus. 121. D. 1. regalis

(9) from Milvus milvus. 122. D. punctifer. v.—ventral preantennal suture.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 173

of the characters of the ventral suture, the marginal carinae of the temples, the pleural
thickening of the abdomen and the details of the male genitalia.

Mate. Inner dorsal edge of marginal carina indented medially ; ventral suture
reaches to or nearly to anterior margin ; marginal temporal carinae broad. Tergites
II and III show all stages from a slight median concavity to a well marked slit.
Pleural thickening with dorsal outline narrow and straight and ventral outline
broader and more rounded. Male genitalia as in Pl. 7, fig. 6 and in Text-fig. 52.
Internal genitalia are similar to those of D. fulva from Buteo buteo but the vesicular
apparatus is longer (1 specimen: 0-78 mm.) and the lateral lobes are relatively
shorter (0:32 mm.).

FEMALE. Terga of IX—XI asin fulva Genital region with rather narrower inner
genital and subvulval sclerites than in fulva (Text-figs. 76, 90).

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae: II, 4; III-VII normally 6,
range 5-8 ; VIII varies from 3-7 ; X in the male with one each side, in female with
2 each side. Pleural and sternocentral setae as in fulva. Total number of marginal
setae of last segment of male varies from 8-10. One female has only 4 tergocentral
setae on each of segments ITI-V.

Nympus. Second and third stage nymphs have the anterior margin of the head
pointed.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Holotype male and allotype female and 16 3, 13 2 para-
types from Aviceda leuphotes burmana from Dansai District, Thailand. A small
number of specimens from Aviceda cuculoides Swainson from Africa differ from the
above, but are not in sufficiently good condition for identification.

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
| ee a ie eat | | ae roti 2)
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (17) . F , 0+55-0°58 0°57 ‘ 0*43-0°47 0+450
Prothorax (10) j : —_ _ : 0+ 30-0: 32 0+315
Pterothorax (10) . : —_ —_ . 0+48-0°52 0+505
Abdomen (10) ‘ - I*20-1°29 1°25 : 0+58-0:63 0:620
Total (10). , ‘ 2*:12-2:22 2°18 : — —
C.4.:(47) : ; : 0+78-0:80 0°79 ; — —
Genitalia (3) . : ; 0+*40-0°42 —_— ‘ — ao
Female
Head (10). . ° 0*59-0:62 0-61 : 0*47-0°50 0-48
C.I. (10) : : : 0+78-0:81 0-80 ; — —

Degeeriella tendeiroi sp. n.
Type host : Gampsonyx swatnsonit swainsonit Vigors
(Pl. 6, fig. 2; Text-figs. 37, 53, 92)

This species in general appearance resembles elanz, but the head is more pointed,
the median point being formed by the marginal carina and not in part by the hyaline

174 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

margin as in elami. It is distinguished from other species in the species group,
except elbeli, by the absence of tergal plates on segments XI of the male and from
elbeli by the shape of the head.

Mate. Marginal carina pointed medially and inner margin indented; ventral
suture does not reach to anterior margin. Tergite II only with median indentation.
Pleural thickening broad with inner ventral margin rounded. Genitalia of fulva
type.

FEMALE. Terga of IX—XI as in fulva. Inner genital sclerites as in elbelt ; sub-
vulval sclerites as in Text-fig. 92.

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. ‘Tergocentral setae: II normally 4, range 3-4;
III-VI normally 6, range 5-6 (one ¢ with only 3 setae on III) ; VII-VIII, range
4-6; X in male 2-3 each side, in the female 2 each side. Pleural setae: II-V, 0;
remainder as in fulva. Sternocentral setae: II, range 2-4, remainder as in fulva.
Total number of marginal setae of last segment of male varies from II—12.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Four 4, 3 9 from Gampsonyx s. swainsont Vigors (skin)
from Argentine.

Holotype 3, allotype 2 in the British Museum (Natural History), slide no. 622 and
3 3d, 2 2 paratypes all from Gampsonyx s. swainsoni with data as given above.

Named in honour of Dr. Jodo Tendiero in acknowledgment for his co-operation
during this study of Degeeriella.

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
Range Range
Head (4) 0+48-0°52 0+37-0:38
Prothorax (3) — 0+25-0°27
Pterothorax (3) . _ 0+37-0'43
Abdomen (3) : I-O7—I +13 ' 0+48-0+52
Total (3) . : ; I+81-1 +93 ‘ —
Genitalia (1) : 0°28 | . —
CT) : ‘ 0°73-0'77 : —_
Female
Head (3) . ‘ : 0+48-0°55 , 0+38-0°41
re AD fee . : 0*74-0°79 : —_

Degeeriella elani Tendeiro
Type host : Elanus caeruleus (Desfontaines)
(Pl. 6, fig. 1; Text-figs. 4, 36, 54, 91)

Degeeriella elani Tendeiro, 1955. Bol. Cult. da Guiné Port. 9 (35) : 598, figs. 36-37, photo.
17-18. Host: Elanus caeruleus (Desfontaines).

This species is separated from elbeli, meinertzhageni and guimardesi by the shape
of the head and other characters as given above under the species group ; its diff-
erences from fendeiroi are given above under that species,

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 175

Mate. Head pointed anteriorly, the median point is formed largely by the pointed
hyaline margin and if this is shrunk or otherwise distorted in a specimen the head
will appear less pointed ; inner dorsal margin of marginal carina indented medially ;
ventral suture does not reach anterior margin. Tergite II only with median inden-
tation ; tergites of XI present as a small strip of sclerotization each side, immediately

125

129

126 128

Fics. 123-129. Heads of Degeeriella ; scales various, see measurements. 123. D. rima
(g). 124. D. nu. epustulata, female paratype. 125. D. meinertzhageni (gf). 126-
128.—D. rufa carruthi ($3) drawn to same scale to show variation in shape of anterior
margin. 129. Preantennal region of D. rufa. from Falco mexicanus, male paratype.

below suture between segments X and XI. Pleural thickening similar to that of
tendeivoi. Genitalia as shown in Text-figs. 36, 54; there is considerable variation
in the height of the ventral endomeral arms. Internal genitalia from a specimen
from Elanus caeruleus vociferus from Thailand are rather similar to those of D. fulva
from Buteo buteo (Text-fig. 4).

FEMALE. Terga IX—XI with unsclerotized areas round setae usually as in Text-
fig. 105, but there is some variation in this character. Genital region as in Text-
fig. gt.

176 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae: II normally 4, range 4-5;
III-V normally 6, range 5~7; VI normally 6, range 4-6; VII normally 4 range
4-6; VIII normally 4, range 4-5 ; X in the male 1-2 each side, in the female 2 each
side. Pleural setae: II-V, 0; rest of pleural setae and sternocentral setae as in
fulva. Total number of marginal setae, dorsal and ventral of last segment of male
varies from II-14.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. One Q paratype from Elanus caeruleus without locality ;
II 9,17 2 from Elanus c. caeruleus (Desfontaines) from Kenya, Uganda, N. Rhodesia
and the Cameroons ; 5 4, 4 2 from Elanus caeruleus vociferus (Latham) from Deccan,
India and Thailand; 3 ¢, 1 2 from Elanus notatus Gould from Cairns, Australia ;
3 3,1 2 from Elanus 1, leucurus (Vieillot) from S. Paulo, Brazil.

Measurements in mm.

Male
(10)
Length Breadth

€: my Y fia A > ee
Range Mean Range Mean

Head 0+47-0°52 0°49 0+36-0-40 0+37
Prothorax . —_ — 0+25-0°27 0°26
Pterothorax — — 0+35-0°42 0°39
Abdomen . : : 0+96-1 +08 1°03 0+45-0°53 0+48
Total : ; : I-71-1°88 1+78 1-71-11 -88 1°79

Genitalia (1) : : 0°35 — ; —_— —

i - . . 0*73-0°79 0°75 F —_ —

Female
(10)

Head . , ; 0+50-0°53 0*52 0+38-0°4I 0+39
Prothorax . — — 0+23-0:28 0°27
Pterothorax ‘ ; — — 0+42-0°45 0°43
Abdomen . ‘ : I+23-1°35 1-28 055-060 0°57

Total 2*O2-2°22 2+10 ‘ —_ _—

Chics 0+73-0'79 0-76 : _ —_

Degeeriella meinertzhageni Clay, 1958
Type host : Chelictinia riocourz (Vieillot)
(Pl. 7, figs. 2,5; Text-figs. 60, 61, 73, 93, 125)

Degeeriella meinerizhageni Clay, 1958. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 27:4, Pl. I, figs. 2, 5;
text-figs. 2, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16. Host: Chelictinia riocourii (Vieillot).

This species resembles guimardest most nearly in the form of the ventral carinae
and is distinguished by the shape of the head and the male genitalia.

MALE. Inner dorsal margin of marginal carina indented medially; ventral
suture does not reach to anterior margin of head ; ventral carinae each with flattened
edge parallel to that of opposite carina to which is attached a lobe of the pulvinus.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 177

Tergite II only with median indentation ; sclerotization of tergum XI in the form of
two small plates variable in size and shape. Genitalia of distinct type as shown in
Pl. 7, fig. 5 and Text-figs. 60-61 ; there is some variation in the size of the penial
arms and in the position of the setae on the ventral endomeral arms.

FEMALE. Tergites IX—XI with unsclerotized areas as in Text-fig. 107. Genital
region as shown in Text-figs. 73, 93 ; inner genital sclerites fused in mid-line.

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae: II normally 4, range 3-4;
III-VII normally 6, range 3-8; VIII normally 4, range 4-5; X in male has 1-2
each side and in the female 2 each side. Pleural setae: II-V,0; VI-VII, one each
side, VIII, 3; inthe male IX has 2 each side and X, 0; in the female IX and X
each have 1-2eachside. Sternocentral setae: II-VI, 4. In the male total number
of marginal setae of last segment varies from 17-24.

Nympus. Third instar nymphs have the front of the head pointed as in the adult
but the sides of the preantennal region are straighter.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Holotype male and allotype female and 15 3, 9 9 paratypes
of D. meinertzhageni from Chelictinia riocourii (Vieillot) from Abyssinia and the
Sudan.

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
c a ~ c 26 ‘
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (16) . ‘ ; 0+50—-0°56 0°52 0:38-0:44 (16) 0-40
Prothorax (10) . ‘ — — 0:28-0:31 0:28
Pterothorax (10) : — — 0+44-0'50 0°47
Abdomen (10) I-I3-I +30 1°22 0+57-0:68 0:63
Total (10) . 2:00-2:21 2°08 : — —
Genitalia (3) 0+48-0°50 — : = =
C.I. (16) 0+73-0°82 0°77 ‘ = —
Female
Head (10) . ‘ ‘ 0*52-0°57 0°55 0+40-0°45 0+42
Prothorax (5). ; — _— 0+ 28-0: 32 0+30
Pterothorax (5) . ‘ — — ‘ 0+ 46-0°52 0*49
Abdomen (5). ‘ I+37-1°44 I*4I : — —
Total (5) ; 2°33-2°37 2°32 : — =
Cl. (f07) 4 ; ; 0+73-0-80 0°77 : — =

Degeeriella guimaraesi Clay, 1958
Type host : Elanoides forficatus forficatus (Linn.)

(Pl. 7, figs. 1, 4; Text-figs. 58, 59, 74, 94, 100)

Degeeriella guimardesi Clay, 1958. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B) 27: 2, pl. I, figs. 1, 4; text-
figs. I, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15. Host: Elanoides f. forficatus (Linn.).

This is the most distinctive species of the species group, distinguished from all
by the characters of the male genitalia and the female genital plate.

178 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Mate. Marginal carina reduced centrally with hyaline margin in this area;
inner dorsal margin of marginal carina indented medially ; ventral suture does not
reach anterior margin ; ventral carinae and pulvinus as in meinertzhagemi ; dorsal

138

Fics. 130-138. Heads of Degeeriella, males. 130-137.—D. yr. vegalis (drawn to same
scale) from various hosts to show variation in outline of head and marginal carina.
130-132.— From Milvus milvus. 133-134.—From Buteo swainsoni. 135-137.—From
Buteo galapagoensis. 138. D. vegalis subsp. (3) from Gypohierax.

preantennal region with sculpturing. Tergites II-III without median indentation,
but II usually shows a more lightly sclerotized central concave area ; shape of fused
terga IX-—X characteristic (Text-fig. 100); tergal thickening of XI present as a
single plate which may be interrupted medially. Pleural thickening narrow.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 179

Genitalia distinctive (Pl. 7, fig. 4; Text-figs. 58-59); penial sclerite present but
not joined to penis, setae usually associated with penial arms absent ; there is some
individual variation in the length of these arms and the dorsal endomeral arms may
or may not join parameres.

FEMALE. Tergites [X-XI as in fulva. Genital region as shown in Text-figs.
74, 94; genital plate with median prolongation ; inner genital sclerites fused in
mid-line and inner edge of vulva toothed.

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae of male: 4; III-IV normally 4,
range 4-5 ; V—VI range 4-6; VII-VIII normally 6, range 4-6 ; X normally 2 + 2,
one specimen with 4+ 4. In the female tergocentral setae fewer in number :
II-VIII normally 4, range 3-5; X, 2+ 2. Pleural setae: II-V, 0 (two females
have one on each side of V); VI-VII, 2 each side; VIII, 3; in the male IX has
2 and X, 0; in the female IX—X, 1-2 each side. Sternocentral setae: II, 2;
III-VI normally 4, range 3-4. Total number of marginal setae dorsal and ventral,
of the last segment in the male varies from 10-I4.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Holotype male and allotype female and 9g 9, 15 9 para-
types from Elanoides f. forficatus (Linn.) from Florida and from Elanoides f. yetapa
(Vieillot) from Brazil.

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
c ~ ~Y fs = 2
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (9) . m A 0+57-0'58 0°575 0+43-0°46 0°44
Prothorax (6) : F — — 7 0+ 32-0°35 0*33
Pterothorax (6) . : = — : 0*47-0°50 0°49
Abdomen (6) I-12-1°18 I*I5 Z 0*55-0'65 0-60
Total (6) 2*00-2°15 2:08 5 — =
Genitalia (2) . 0+42-0°44 — . = —
C.I. (9) 0*74-0'79 0°76 : = =
Female
Head (10) . : . 0+ 58-0 +62 0:60 , 0+45-0°48 0°47
Prothorax (10) : , — — é 0+ 33-037 0°35
Pterothorax (10) . : — — ‘ 0+49-0°55 0°52
Abdomen (8) ‘ , I°I7-1 +38 1°30 : — —
Total (8) , ; 2+20-2* 33 2°27 : —- =
C.T. (10) , . ‘ 0*75-0°79 0°77 ? — —

The rufa Species Group

1-3. As in fulva group.

4. Outline of thoracic sternal plate rather more rounded than in fulva group,
and as in this group shows individual variation in shape, and arrangement and
number of setae.

5. As in fulva group.

6. Tergal plates of segment XI apparent in male,

180 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

7. Terga of segments IX—XI of female as in Text-fig. 107.

8-10. As in fulva group.

11. Female genital plate with median posterior prolongation.

12. As in fulva group.

13. As in Pl. 8, fig. 7, penial sclerite absent.

14. As in fulva group.

15. Pleural setae absent on II-III and present on X of male.

16. Sternocentral setae of segments III-VI average more than 5 per segment.
17. As in fulva group.

This species group contains a single species which has a superficial resemblance
to members of the fulva group, but is, however, quite distinct from these and other
species considered here in having 2 pleural setae each side of segment X in the male
and in the absence of the penial sclerite ; in the female it differs from all other species,
except D. guimardest, in the form of the genital plate. The ventral carinae and
pulvinus of the nymph resemble those of the nymphs and adults of this latter species.

Degeeriella rufa rufa (Burmeister), 1838
Type host : Falco tinnunculus Linn.

(Pl. 6, fig. 3; Pl. 8, fig. 7; Text-figs. 5, 10, 18-22, 38, 55, 75, 95, 104, 107, III,
120, 129, 139-164)

Nirmus rufus Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent. 2: 430. Host: Falco tinnunculus Linn.

Nirmus rufus was described by Burmeister from specimens in the Nitzsch collection
from which the figure in Giebel, 1874 (pl. 7, figs. 11-12) were made; these figures
represent the species described below.

The characters distinguishing D. rufa are given above under the definition of the
species group of which it is the only species.

Mate. Inner edge of marginal carina not or slightly indented medially ; ventral
suture variable in form, does not reach anterior margin of head (Text-fig. 111).
Tergites II-III with median indentation, that of III occasionally being partly
occluded ; tergites of XI present as two well marked sclerites. Pleurites as in
Text-fig. 104. Genitalia as in Pl. 8, fig. 7, and Text-figs. 38, 55; penial sclerite
absent. Internal genitalia characteristic (Text-fig. 5).

FEMALE. Fused terga of IX—XI with a continuous unsclerotized area round the
two setae each side (Text-fig. 107). Genital region as in Text-figs. 75, 95; genital
plate differs from all other known species except guimardesi in having a central
posterior prolongation (Text-fig. 95).

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae: II, normally 6, range 5-8;
III-VI, normally 8, range 6-11; VII normally 6, range 5-8; VIII range 4-8,
in the female rarely less than 6; X, 2 each side. Pleural setae: II-III, 0; IV-V,
1 each side; VI-VII, 2; VIII, 3; IX-—X, 2 each side. Sternocentral setae:
II, normally 5, range 4-6 ; III-VI normally 6, range 5-7. Total number of marginal
setae of last segment of male varies from 10-14.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 181

Nympus. All nymphal instars of this species are available and have been discussed
above, p. 129 and figured (Text-figs. 10, 18-22).

Measurements in mm.

D. rufa from Falco t. tinnunculus

Male
Length Breadth
Sie a my, | | * 2
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (57) . ‘ , 0+46-0°55 0-50 f 0*37-0°44 0-40
Prothorax (20)* . : — — : 0*25-0:29 0:26
Pterothorax (20) : — a ; 0+ 33-0°42 0°37
Abdomen (50) I*05-1 +32 I*I5 : 0+48-0:67 (20) 0:53
Total (20) . I-78-2:-03 I‘9o0 : — as
Genitalia (10) 0*41I-0°44 0+ 43 : —- —
Head index (56) 0°75-0°83 0°795 ; — a
Head index A (28) : 0:80-0:86 0:83 : _ —
* First 20 picked at random. A. Head index of specimens from F. rusticolus islandus.
Female
(20)
Head ; ; : 0+ 50-0°57 0°53 : 0+*40-0°45 0*43
Prothorax . , : — —_— Fs 0:26-0°29 0:28
Pterothorax : : —_ — : 0+37-0°43 O-4I
Abdomen . : ; I+23-1*40 1°31 : 0+53-0:63 0+59
Total : : i 2*OI-2°25 2°14 5 _ —
Head index é , 0:78-0:83 0:80 ‘ — —

TABLE I.—Average Number of Total Tergocentral Setae of Abdominal Segments II-V III
and Breadth of Head at Temples in Males of D. rufa from Various Species of Falco

Breadth of head in mm.
Tergocentral [— an

=
setae Range Mean
A 47°6 (30) 0°33-0°40 (51) 0°37
B — 0+37-0°43 (14) 0°39
C 49°5 (14) 0+38-0-41 (18) 0-40
D 50°6 (51) 0*37-0°44 (57) 9°40
E 52°3 (40) 0+38-0-44 (42) = O41
F — 0+40—0-42 (8) o-4l
G 51°9 (11) 0+ 40-0 +43 (9) 0+42
H 5§1°2 (22) 0+41-0: 43 (7) 0+42
I 53°1 (18) 0+40-0°45 (28) 0°43

A, F. sparverius; B, F. subbuteo; C, F. columbarius; D, F. tinnunculus; E, F. jugger; F, F.
vespertinus ; G, F. peregrinus ; H, F. biarmicus ; 1, F. rusticolus ; number of specimens given in brackets.

VARIATION AND HOST DISTRIBUTION. Over 1,160 specimens have been examined
from 19 of the 38 species of Falco. With the exception of the population from
Falco sparverius no differences could be found between the populations from the
various hosts except in measurements, number of abdominal setae and characters

182 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

woe
- .
mr .

151 152

Fics. 139-153. Heads of D. rufa from various species of Falco. Scale adjusted so that
breadth of temples is approximately the same in all figures, actual breadth of head
is given after host name. 139. Falco biarmicus subsp. 140. F. b. biarmicus, 0-42 mm.
141. F. c. cherrug, 0°45 mm. 142. F. juggey, 0-42 mm. 143-145.—F. rusticolus
islandus. 143.0°42mm. 144. Paratype of D. fasciata (Rudow),0-43mm. 145.0°45
mm. 146-147.—F. rusticolus candicans. 146. 0°43 mm. 147. 0°41 mm. 148-
149.—F. peregrinus calidus. 148. 0:40 mm. 149. 0°41 mm. 150. F. s. subbuteo,
0-38 mm. 151-153.—F. eleonorae. 151.0°42mm. 152.0°38mm. 153. 0°39 mm.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 183

of the preantennal region of the head. In the case of the measurements of the head
breadth some populations averaged larger but there was overlap between individuals
of most of the populations measured (Table I). Again some populations averaged a
larger number of tergocentral setae but there were individuals in all populations
with a similar number of setae on each segment. A statistical analysis of these
numbers may show that the differences between some of these populations are
significant, but it is not considered that such populations should be recognized
taxonomically on these characters alone. As pointed out by Tendeiro (in press)
there is in addition marked differences in the shape of the preantennal region of the
head in the populations from some of the species of Falco making them easily recog-
nizable, while between others the differences are slight. These differences are also
reflected in the nymphs, which in some cases (Text-figs. 21-22) differ more in
this stage than in the adults (Text-figs. 144, 147). The problem is further compli-
cated by some populations showing considerable individual variation ; three speci-
mens (Text-figs. 151-153) from Falco eleonorae taken from the same host and sub-
jected to the same treatment might be included in three different subspecies ;
the specimen from F. biarmicus (Text-fig. 139) is more similar to that from F.
peregrinus (Text-fig. 149) than are the specimens from these two hosts shown in
Text-figs. 140, 148. Variation in specimens from other hosts are shown in Text-
figs. 143-145, 146-147 and 163-164. Further, it is not possible to reduce these
differences to mathematical terms and the human eye is easily subject to optical
illusions. |

There is a tendency in some cases for the populations in which the members
average larger for these to have the preantennal region of the head more rounded
(cf. Text-figs. 146 and 150, 142 and 155) and to average a greater number of abdomi-
nal setae ; the increase in size of the specimens is roughly related to the size of the
host. Thus, similar-sized species of Falco may be parasitized by Degeertella with
similar average size, a similar number of abdominal setae and heads of a rather
similar shape even though these falcons may not be closely related. If the sub-
generic divisions of Falco as given in Peters (1931) are taken as a measure of relation-
ship, then the not closely related F. peregrinus and F. biarmicus of similar size are
found to have parasites with similar average measurements for the breadth of the
head, average number of abdominal setae and a rather similar shaped head (Text-
figs. 139, 149) whereas those from the related tinnunculus and sparverius differ on
the larger host by having a larger average measurement of the head with a less
narrowed anterior margin and a larger number of abdominal setae. Thus, two or
three differences between two populations may all be associated with difference
in size which is itself correlated with differences in host size and does not, therefore,
necessarily reflect relationship. This is shown in Table I which gives the head
measurements and tergocentral setae; these are arranged in order of increasing
size of the breadth of the head. It will be seen that this reflects the size of the
hosts, but an exact numerical comparison is not possible as the races of different
species of hawks overlap, thus the larger races of the “‘ smaller’ Falco may overlap
with the smaller races of the “ larger ”’ species, and moreover the males of the smaller
races of the “larger ’’ species may be smaller than the females of the ‘‘ smaller ”’

184 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

species. More material is required from some species to confirm that the differences
between the Degeeriella populations are significant and adequate samples of parasites
from the different races of a species such as F. peregrinus, which vary considerably
in size, must be measured to see whether those from the smaller races differ from
those from the larger. In addition, there is some similarity between the shape
of the heads of specimen from related hosts, e.g. those from F. rusticolus and F. jugger.
Thus, the size and shape of the head may reflect either relationship or size of the host
irrespective of relationship. Figs. 139-164 show the outline of the anterior margin
of the heads of specimens from various species of Falco and the related Jeracidea ;
these are not drawn to the same scale but in such a way that the breadth of the temples
is the same throughout, this enables a more accurate comparison of shape to be made.
It will be seen from these figures that while some of the populations are quite distinct,
others, especially taking into account individual variation, are doubtfully separable.
As already discussed above it must be largely a matter of personal opinion as to
which of these populations should be recognized taxonomically and it is possible
that the systematics might be simplified by considering them as belonging to a
single species with a tendency to develop local populations on the different species
of Falco. The recognition by name of the more distinct populations must result
in the endless proliferation of names for those which vary slightly in size, proportions
and curvature of the anterior margin, often depending on the individual specimen
available. Names have been given to many of the populations, as listed below,
and the present writer does not at the moment intend to increase these by naming
other populations which do not exactly correspond to these ; this should perhaps
wait until adequate series have been seen from more species of Falco and their
races.

Names Given to the Different Populations of D. rufa from Falco

Nirmus fasciatus Rudow, 1869. Beitr. Kennt. Malloph.:20. Host: Falco islandicus = Falco
vusticolus tslandus Brunnich.

Nirmus quadraticollis Rudow, 1870. Z. ges. NatWiss. 35: 469. Host: Falco vespertinus
Linn.

Nirmus nitzschi Giebel, 1874. Insecta epizoa:125, nec N. nitzscht Ponton, 1871. Host:
Falco subbuteo Linn., F. aesalon = F. columbarius aesalon Tunstall and F. peregrinus Tunstall.
See D. drostt.

Nivmus burmeisteri (Giebel), 1874. Insecta epizoa:126. Host: Falco rufipes = Falco
vespertinus Linn.

Nirmus platyclypeatus Piaget, 1880. Pediculines: 145, pl. 12, fig. 1. Host: Motacilla alba.
Error = Falco sp.

Kéleriniymus rufus boliviensis Eichler, 1954. Beitr. Fn. Perus, 4:38. Host: Falco fusco-
caerulescens pichinchae Chapman.

Degeeriella vufa dvosti Timmermann, 1955. Ndttirurufraedingurinn, 1:49. Nomen novum
for Nirmus nitzschi Giebel nec Ponton, 1871. Host restriction to Falco columbarius.

Degeeriella falconoides Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent. 39: 42, figs. Host: Falco mexicanus
Schlegel.

1 Degeeviella masumae Ansari, 1955. Proceedings VIIth Pakistan Sct. Conf., Biology : 42.
Host: Falco jugger Gray.

1 Degeeriella splendidus Ansari 1955. Proceedings VIIth Pakistan Sci. Conf., Biology : 42.
Host : Cerchneis tinnunculus interstinctus McClell = Falco tinnunculus interstinctus Horsfield.

1 The interpretation of these names is doubtful, see below, p. 199.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 185

MATERIAL EXAMINED. ¢ lectotype and 2 4, 3 2 paratypes of Nirmus fasciatus
Rudow (see Clay & Hopkins, 1955: 59); 3 lectotype and 5 g, 3 2 paratypes of
Nirmus quadraticollis Rudow (see Clay & Hopkins, 1955: 59); d lectotype (slide
no. 1388), Piaget collection in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) and 1 3, 1 9 paratypes
of Nirmus platyclypeatus Piaget; 1 3g, I Y paratypes of Degeertella falconoides
Carriker ; 4 3, 4 2 paratypes of D. rufa applanata Tendeiro. Over 1,000 specimens
(males and females) from the following species of Falco: F. brarmicus Temminck
from Sinai, Somaliland, Tanganyika, Natal and Cape Colony ; F. cherrug J. E. Gray
from Czechoslovakia and India; F. mexicanus Schlegel from U.S.A. and Mexico ;
F. jugger J. E. Gray from Afghanistan and India ; F. rusticolus Linn. from Greenland,
Iceland, Norway and Canada; F. peregrinus Tunstall from Czechoslovakia, Egypt,
Sudan, Ceylon, Mandalay and British Columbia; F. swbbuteo Linn. from Finland,
Uganda, Tanganyika, and Afghanistan ; F. cwviertt A. Smith from French Cameroons;
F. eleonorae Géné from Morocco, Crete and Cyprus; F. concolor Temminck from
Egypt ; F. hypoleucos Gould from New South Wales, Australia ; F. fuscocaerulescens
Vieillot from S. Paulo, Brazil ; F. columbarius Linn. from British Isles and Hungary ;
F. ardosiaceus Vieillot from Portugese Guinea and Uganda; F. vespertinus Linn.
from Fair Isle, Estonia and Cyprus ; F. amurensis Radde from Kenya ; F. naumannt
Fleischer from Palestine, Kenya and Afghanistan ; F’. tinnunculus Linn. from British
Isles, France, Switzerland, Poland, Madeira, Asia Minor, Palestine, Jordan, Egypt,
Uganda, Tanganyika, Cape Colony, Aden, Northern India, Ladak, Sikkim, Manipur
and Burma ; Falco alopex (Heuglin) from the Sudan. Eleven J, 22 9 from Ieracidea
orientalis (Schlegel), no data.

Degeeriella rufa carruthi Emerson, 1953
Type host : Falco s. sparverius Linn.
(Text-figs. 126-128)

Degeeriella cavrvuthti Emerson, 1953. J. Kansas ent. Soc. 26: 132, pl. 1, figs. 2, 5. Host:
Falco s. sparverius Linn.

This subspecies differs from the nominate form in the narrower preantennal
region, the anterior margin sometimes being rather pointed, but this pointed
appearance is absent in some specimens (cf. Text-figs. 126-128). In addition, both
sexes can be recognized by the sculpturing of the middle of the dorsal surface of
the head near the anterior margin, this appears as a small dark mark in fresh speci-
mens; this is sometimes also apparent to a lesser extent in specimens of D. 1.
vufa. In the male there is only one seta each side of the ventral endomeral arm
instead of the usual two. Second and third stage nymphs resemble those of 7.
vufa in the shape of the head. Breadth of the head in the male: range 0-33-0-40
mm., mean 0:37 (5I specimens) and in the female: range 0:37-0:46 mm., mean
0-41 (85 specimens).

MATERIAL EXAMINED. One 4, I @ paratypes of D. carrutht Emerson; 81 4,
go 2 from subspecies of F. sparverius Linn. from Alaska, British Columbia, various
localities in the United States of America, Cuba, British West Indies and Brazil.

ENTOM. 7, 4. 9

186 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

The regalis Species Group
1-11. As in fulva group.
12. Female inner genital sclerites may or may not be fused in mid-line.
13. Male genitalia of unique type (Text-fig. 56) ; penial sclerite present.
14. As in fulva group.
15. Pleural setae absent on II-III.
16. Sternocentral setae of segments III-VI normally 6-8.
17. As in fulva group.

This species group which has a superficial resemblance to the fulva group can be
distinguished in both sexes by the greater number of sternocentral setae and in the
males by the genitalia.

Degeeriella regalis regalis (Giebel), 1886
Type host : Milvus m. milvus (Linn.)
(Pl. 5, fig. 1; Text-figs. 6, 39, 56, 80, 81, 121, 130-137)

Nirmus vegalis Giebel, 1866. Z. ges. NatWiss. 28: 364. Host: Miluvus regalis = Milvus m.
milvus (Linn.).

Nirmus vitiatus Giebel, 1874. Insecta epizoa:127. Host: Milvus ater = Milvus migrans
migvans (Boddaert).

Nirmus appendiculatus Piaget, 1880. Pédiculines : 132, pl. 11, fig. 2. Host: Milvus ater
= Milvus migrans migrans (Boddaert) and Milvus migrans aegyptius (Gmelin).

Nirmus incertus Piaget, 1885. Pédiculines Supplément: 20, pl. 2, fig. 9. Host: Totanus
glottis. (Error. Probably Milvus sp.]

Nirmus curvilineatus Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 4: 470, pl. 29, fig. 4.
Hosts: Nesopelia galapagoensis and Oceanites gracilis. [Error. Probably Buteo gala-
pagoensis (Gould).]

Nirmus pseudophaeus Carriker, 1903. Univ. Stud. Neb. 3: 143, pl. 3, fig. 1. Host: Pezopetes
capitalis. [Error. Probably Buteo swainsont Bonaparte.]

Nirmus regalis was the name given by Giebel in 1866 to the description of a
‘“‘ Niymus spec. indet.” from Milvus regalis appearing in Giebel, 1861 (Z. ges.
NatWiss. 17 : 524).

MALE. Head as shown in PI. 5, fig. 1 with ventral suture as in fulva. Tergite
II only with median indentation. Pleural thickening as in fulva but broader.
The genitalia (Text-fig. 56) differ from all other known species of Degeeriella in the
form of the penis and in the presence of an anteriorly curved sclerite each side.
Most specimens have the usual two setae on each ventral arm of the endomeral
plate, but some may have one arm with one seta; the dorsal arms are usually
fused to the side of the basal apodeme, but may be interrupted on one side. There
is variation in the length of the penis and the curvature of the lateral margins of the
dorsal endomeral plate. The internal genitalia are of characteristic form (Text-fig. 6).

FEMALE. The genital region differs from all preceding species and from the other

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 187

subspecies of vegalis in having the two inner genital sclerites either fused together
or closely approximated in the mid-line (Text-figs. 80-81).

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae: II normally 6, range 5-7;
III-VII normally 8, range 7-10; VIII normally 6-7, range 5-8; X in the male

Fics. 154-164. Heads of D. rvufa from various species of Falco and Ieracidea (as figs.
139-153). 154. Falco cuvierii,o:42 mm. 155. F. concoloy,o-40 mm. 156. F. hypo-
leucos, 0°39 mm. 157. F. fuscocaerulescens subsp. ?, 0:38 mm. 158. F. columbarius
subaesalon, 0-40 mm. 159. F. ardosiaceus, 0:41 mm. 160. Falco sp.? Lectotype
of D. platyclypeata (Piaget), 0-42 mm. 161. Falco vespertinus, 0°38 mm. 162.
F. t. tinnunculus, 0:39 mm. 163-164.—Ieracidea orientalis. 163. 0°42 mm. 164.
0:40 mm.

normally 2 each side, range 1-3, female 2 each side. Pleural setae: II-III, 0;
IV-V, 1 each side: VI-VII, 2; VIII, 3; IX in the male normally 2, occasionally
3 each side; X, 0; IX-—X in the female 2, occasionally 3 each side. Sternocentral
setae: II normally 6, range 4-7, III-VI normally 8, range 6-9; VII in the male
varies from 2 to 4 each side ; VIII-XI as in fulva. Total number of marginal setae,
dorsal and ventral, in the male varies from I1—16.

Nympus. Second and third instars have been seen from Milvus migrans parasitus,

188 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

except for the normal shorter preantennal region, these resemble the adult in the
curvature of the anterior margin of the head.

Specimens from Buteo galagapoensis appear to be indistinguishable from those from
Buteo swainsont, except that on the available material they average slightly larger
in size. It has also not been possible to distinguish these from specimens from
Miulvus, that is Degeeriella regalis. The shape of the anterior margin of the head and
the thickness of the marginal carina are characters which are found to vary within
the populations from the different host species (see Text-figs. 130-137) ; other charac-
ters which vary within the populations are the shape of the gular and thoracic
sternal plates, the curvature of the anterior and posterior margins of tergal plate
IX-—X in the male and the area of junction between the inner genital sclerites ;
the apparent differences in the length of the penis and shape of the parameres
probably depend on the preparation of the specimens. The only character which
shows some degree of constancy is the junction of the dorsal endomeral arms with
the basal apodeme: in specimens from Milvus the arms are usually joined to the
basal apodeme each side (34 specimens) and rarely interrupted on one side (5 speci-
mens), whereas in specimens from Buteo swainsont and B. galapagoensis the arms are
usually separate on both sides (10 specimens) and rarely joined on one side (2
specimens). However, the number of specimens especially from Buteo, in which this
character can be seen is small and as there is some overlap it does not seem to be
desirable to separate the two on this character. Specimens from Haliaeétus
leucoryphus show an even distribution between arms joined on one (8 specimens)
or neither side (8 specimens) and more rarely specimens (3) with the arms joined on
both sides. It is considered, therefore, more satisfactory to include the populations
from the two Buteo species under D. 7. regalis and to sink the names D. curvilineata
and D. pseudophaea Carriker as synonyms. The population on Halaeétus voctfer
is however a recognizable subspecies (see below under D. regalis castanea).

Specimens from Haliastur indus (Boddaert) are found to differ in different locali-
ties. Those from Thailand and Ceylon can be separated from vegalis on a number of
characters and are described below as a new subspecies. Specimens from this host
collected in Mulug, Deccan (7 g, 13 2,) Bharatpur, Rajputana (63, 4 9), Lucknow
(i g, r 9) and Dili, Timor (2 4, 2 9, host not confirmed) cannot be distinguished from
v. vegalis. Collecting records (none from Timor) show that these specimens could
not have come from any species of Milvus. At present it is not possible to suggest
any explanation for this distribution, further species of Degeeriella are needed from
Haliastur indus throughout its range.

Degeeriella regalis has an interesting distribution : it occurs on all the species of
Milvus (restricted to the Old World), Buteo galapagoensis and Buteo swainsont
(both restricted to the New World) and possibly Haliaeetus leucoryphus (found in
eastern Europe and central Asia,) but fresh material is required for certain identi-
fication. Specimens have also been found on one individual of Buteo jamaicensis
in circumstances which preclude contamination after death. Subspecies are found
on Gypohierax angolensis, Haliaeétus vocifer and on Haliastur indus in parts of its
range. It seems possible that vegalis and fulva may derive from a common ancestor,
that they later became sympatric, both having a wide distribution and that regalis

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 189

has since become extinct on many species, perhaps lingering on rarely on some, as
suggested by the specimens found on Buteo jamaicensis sympatric with fulva:
while fulva has become extinct on Milvus, Buteo galapagoensis and B. swainsont.

Degeeriella curvilineata (Kellogg & Kuwana) was described from a male alleged
to have come from Nesopelia galapagoensis and a female from Oceanittes gracilis
collected by the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos Expedition of 1898-99. The figure
of the male shows this to be a typical hawk Degeeriella. The only hawk collected by
this expedition in the Galapagos (see Snodgrass & Heller, 1904) was Buteo galapa-
goensis (Gould) which must therefore be assumed to be the true host of D. curvili-
neata. Dr. K.C. Emerson has most kindly examined the two syntypes of this species
and tells me that these both have more than four setae on the sterna of abdominal
segments III-V ; this fact together with the original figure show that curvilineata
must be identical with specimens in the British Museum (Natural History) from
Buteo galapagoensis and thus becomes a synonym of 7. regalts.

Degeeriella pseudophaea (Carriker). Through the kindness of Mr. Carriker it
has been possible to examine the type of this species. This is a single female which
in the characters of the chaetotaxy, form of abdominal terga II-III and in having
the subvulval plates fused in the mid-line resembles the species found on Buteo
swainsom. The head in size and general shape also resembles that of this species
‘but the marginal carina is markedly different ; however, a teneral specimen from
this host has a similar form of narrow marginal carina and there seems little doubt
that pseudophaea is straggler from this host and a synonym of Degeeriella r. regalis
(Giebel).

MATERIAL EXAMINED. One 4, 1 9 from Milvus aegyptiacus and 3 2 from Milvus
ater types of Nirmus appendiculatus Piaget ; 1 2 type of Nivmus incertus Piaget
from type host ; 1 9 holotype of Nirmus pseudophaeus ; 18 3, 15 9 from Milvus m.
milvus (Linn.) from Germany, Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia and the U.S.S.R.; 70
3, 96 2 from Milvus migrans migrans (Boddaert), M. m. parasitus (Daudin), M. m.
arabicus Swan and M. m. govinda Sykes from Italy, Greece, Kenya, Uganda,
NW. Rhodesia, Bechuanaland, Saudi Arabia, Aden, Deccan, India and Nepal;
4 3,29 from Milvus 1. lineatus (J. E. Gray) from Thailand ; 9 3, 15 2 from Buteo
galapagoensts (Gould) from the Galapagos Islands; 9 g, 15 9 from Buteo swainsoni
Bonaparte from North America ; 1 3, 12 2 from Buteo jamaicensis borealis (Gmelin)
from Arizona ; 14 3, 19 2 from Haliastur 7. indus (Boddaert) from Deccan, Rajputana
and Lucknow in India ; 36 3, 28 2 from Haliaeetus leucoryphus (Pallas) from various
localities in India.

Neotype of Nirmus regalis Giebel : ¢ (slide no. 626) in the British Museum (Natural
History) from Milvus m. milvus from Czechoslovakia. Neallotype, 2 and neopara-
types, 17 3, 14 2 from the same host from Germany, Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia
and U.S.S.R.

Lectotype of Nirmus appendiculatus: @ (slide no. 1182) in the Piaget collection
of the British Museum (Natural History) from Milvus aegyptiacus. Paratypes:
I 2 from Milvus aegyptiacus and 3 2 from Milvus ater.

Lectotype of Nirmus incertus : 9 (slide no. 740) in the Piaget collection of the British
Museum from Totanus glottis.

190 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Degeeriella regalis deignani subsp. n.
Type host : Haliastur 7. indus (Boddaert)
(Pl. 5, fig. 2; Text-fig. 40)

This subspecies differs from the nominate form in the average larger size of the
head (the specimens from Ceylon average rather smaller than those from Thailand)
and in the slightly different shape of the preantennal region. In the male the shape
of the tergite on fused IX—X is intermediate between that of regalis and castanea,
the shape of the endomeral plate differs (Text-fig. 40) and segments II-VI have
fewer sternal setae (normally 6 per segment) ; in the female the inner genital sclerites
are widely separated. This subspecies is distinguished from 7. castanea by the shape
and colour pattern of the head, and the shape of the endomeral plate and tergite
of IX—-X in the male. A third instar nymph examined has the anterior margin of
the head rather more pointed than those of 7. vegalis or 7. castanea.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Five g, 7 2 from Haliastur 1. indus from Thailand ;
3 3,3 2 from Burma and 6 3, 4 2 from Ceylon.

Holotype male and allotype female, slide no. 619 in the British Museum (Natural
History) from Haliastur 1. indus (Boddaert), no. RE 2490, from Khlong Khlung
district, Thailand, collected by R. Elbel and H. G. Deignan, 28th April, 1953.
Paratypes: 14 3, 13 2 from the same host form from Thailand, Burma and Ceylon.

Degeeriella regalis castanea (Piaget), 1890
Type host (emended) : Haliaeétus vocifer (Daudin)
(Pl. 5, fig. 3; Text-fig. 82)
Nirmus castaneus Piaget, 1890. Tijdschr. Ent. 33 : 232, pl. 8, fig. 9. Host: Sula piscatrix.

There is a single male in the Piaget collection with this name and host which
agrees with Piaget’s figure; it is the same as specimens from Haliaeétus voctfer
and preseumably came from that host.

This subspecies can be distinguished from the nominate form in both sexes by
the greater amount of sculpturing on the dorsal surface of the preantennal region
of the head (not always apparent in treated specimens) and by the colour pattern
of the marginal carina. In the male the fused sclerite of terga IX—X is less arched
and narrowed medianly, and in the female the inner genital sclerites are widely
separated in the mid-line. The number of sternal setae of segments II-VI average
less and both sexes average larger in size. Second and third instar nymphs resemble
those of 7. vegalis but have the anterior margin of the head somewhat broader and
more rounded.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. One ¢ (slide no. 967) in the Piaget collection; 15 0,
27 2 in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History), G. H. E. Hopkins
and the Natal Museum from Haliaeétus vocifer (Daudin) from Uganda and Natal.

Lectotype of Nirmus castaneus Piaget: ¢ (slide no. 967) in the Piaget collection,
British Museum (Natural History).

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 191

Degeeriella regalis subsp.
Type host : Gypoherax angolensis (Gmelin)
(Text-fig. 138)

Tendeiro (in press).

This subspecies resembles most nearly D. 7. castanea in the form of terga IX-X
and number of sternal setae in the male and the form of the inner genital sclerites
of the female; it is distinguished by the shape of the head (Text-fig. 138). On
the available material it is not possible to say whether the absence of pigment is
secondary due to the method of treatment nor whether the male genitalia differ
in any details from those of the nominate form. In the female the inner genital
sclerites are not fused or approximated in the mid-line. Tergocentral setae of male
holotype: II, 6; III-VII, 8; VIII, 6. Sternocentral setae: II, 6; III-IV,
7; V-VI, 6. The tergal setae of the male are somewhat shorter and stouter than
in 7. regalis.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Two 4g, I @ from the type host from Piche, Gabu and
Mansoa in Portugese Guinea.

Measurements in mm.
D. r. regalis from Milvus milvus.

Male
Length Breadth
C —- ant c a regs 2
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (10) . 0+52-0:58 0°55 0:38-0:43 (18) 0-40
Prothorax (10) —_ —_ 0+26-0:28 0-28
Pterothorax (10) — — 0*43-0°49 0:46
Abdomen (10) I-*O5-I +23 I°I5 0+52-0:63 0°57
Total (10) . 1+87-2:17 2°02 —_ —
Genitalia (1) 0*40 — —_ —
C.I. (10) 0+74-0:78 0:76 — —
Female
Head (10) . 0+57-0:60 0°58 0+4I-0°46 (12) 0°44
Prothorax (10) — — 0+ 28-030 0:29
Pterothorax (r10) — — 0+49-0°53 o-51
Abdomen (10) 1+37-1°48 I*41 0:60-0:70 0°65
Total (10) . 2*25-2°43 2°33 — —
C.I. (10) 0+74-0°80 0°77 — —
Degeeriella v. deignani
Male head
Thailand (5) Ceylon (5)
| is in teen | 9 ai ‘\
Range Mean Range Mean
Length 0+57-0:60 0:58 0+57-0°58 0°57
Breadth 0+42-0°45 043 0+41I-0'43 042

192 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Degeeriella v. castanea

Male
Length Breadth
c Ae YY ie 9 ee tee
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (15) . ; ; 0*55—-0°60 0°57 O*41-0°45 0°43
Prothorax (10) . ‘ —_ — 0+27-0° 32 0+29
Pterothorax (10) ‘ — — 0*42-0°50 0°47
Abdomen (10) I+17-1 +32 1°24 ° 0+52-0:67 0°59
Total (10) . 2*05-2°25 2°14 . — _
Genitalia (3) 0*4I-O+42 — . — —
C.I. (15) 0*74-0°76 0°75 ; —_ —
Female
Head (27) . ; ; 0*57-0°65 0:61 0+43-0°49 0°46
Prothorax (10) . ‘ _ —_ 0-*29-0:33 0-32
Pterothorax (10) : = — O*51-0°54 0*52
Abdomen (10) . : I+ 50-160 1°52 ; 0+62-0:69 0:67
Total (10) . y ; 2°47-2°57 2°49 ; —_ —
C5. (27) ; ‘ 0+74-0°79 0-76 . — —
Degeeriella v. subsp.
(from Tendeiro, in press)
Male (2) Female (5)
tc = Tain ia =i Fae
Length Breadth Length Breadth
Head : ; 0-57-0°58 0*46-0-47 ‘ 0-61 0-*49-0°50
Prothorax ; — O° 34 ‘ —= —
Pterothorax . — 0+48-0'49 , ~ =
Abdomen : I+20-1 +23 0°55 . — an
Total F : 2+16-2:18 — ; — ei
C.I. : ; 0:81 _ ; 0+80-0-82 —

The phlyctopygus Species Group

1-12. As in fulva group.

13. Male genitalia of distinctive type ; penial sclerite present.

14. As in fulva group.

15. As in regalis group.

16. Sternocentral setae of segments III-VI normally more than 4.
17. As in fulva group.

This species group, which has only two known species, is distinguished from all
other groups by the form of the male genitalia ; in the characters of the chaetotaxy
of the abdomen it resembles the vegalis group.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 193

Degeeriella phlyctopygus (Nitzsch), 1861
Type Host: Pernis a. apivorus (Linn.)
(Pl. 8, fig. 1; Text-figs. 62, 64-67, 96-98)
Nirmus phlyctopygus Nitzsch, 1861. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss. 17: 526. Host: Pernis
apivorus.

This species (redescribed by Clay, 1957a@) is distinguished from D. mookerjeei
the only other species in the species group, by the antennae and the genitalia in the
male and by the shape of the head in the female.

Mate. Anterior margin of head slightly concave, inner margin of dorsal marginal
carina slightly indented medially ; ventral suture does not reach anterior margin
of head. Tergite II only with definite median indentation. Pleural thickening
of segments III—VI with well-developed re-entrant heads (Text-fig. 65). The genitalia
(Text-fig. 62) are unlike any other known species of Degeertella except those of
D. mookerjeet.

FEMALE. Terga of [X—-XI and genital region as in Text-figs. 96-98.

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Male. Tergocentral setae: II, 5-6; III-V, 8:
VI, 7; VII, 6; VIII, 6-7; X, 1-2 each side. Pleural setae: II-III, 0; IV-V,
rt each side; VI-VII, 2; VIII, 3; IX, 3-5; X-—XI, 0. Sternocentral: II, 5-6;
III, 6-7; IV-V,6; VI, 5-6. Total number of marginal setae, dorsal and ventral,
of last segment (I specimen): 13. In the female tergocentral setae: II normally
6, range 5-7; III-V normally 8, range 7-8; VI range 6-8; VII-VIII normally
6, range 5-6; X, 2 each side. Pleural setae: II-VIII as in male; IX normally
3 each side, range 3-5 ; X normally 3, range 2-3. Sternocentral setae : II normally
6, range 4-6; III-IV normally 6, range 6-7; V normally 6, range 5-6; VI range
4-6; VII-XI as in Text-fig. 96.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. g neotype and 2 g, 12 2 from Pernis a. apivorus (Linn.)
from Scotland, Germany and Italy.

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
Cee a “ [ nm YY
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (2) ; ‘ ; 0+56-0°58 —_ 0*42-0'45 —
Prothorax (2) : : —_ — 0+ 30—-0°31 —
Pterothorax (2). P — _ : 0+46-0°47 _—
Abdomen (1) ‘ ‘ 1°17 — . 0:62 —
Total (1) , ‘ ; 2°10 —_ =
Genitalia (1) . ; . 0°42 ae oa ras
C.I. (2) ; : ; 0+76-0°77 — —
Female
Head (11). : : 0+59-0:63 0-61 0+44-0°48 0:46
Prothorax (8) ‘ ° — — 0+32-0°34 0°33
Pterothorax (8) . ‘ — — 0*49-0°53 0°51
Abdomen (8) ° ° 1+23-1°53 I+42 0*62-0:72 0-68
Total (8) ‘ ; ‘ 2+22-2°50 2°42 ; — eet

C.1. (11) ‘ ; . 0+74-0°77 0°75 . oe =

194 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Degeeriella mookerjeei Clay, 1957
Type Host: Pernis ptilorhyncus gurneyi Stresemann
(Pl. 8, fig. 2; Text-figs. 7, 63, 68, 69, 99)

Degeeriella mookerjeei Clay, 1957, Proc. zool. Soc., Calcutta, Mookerjee Memor. Vol. : 342, pl. 15,
figs. 2, 4, text-figs. IB, C, 2B, 3D, F, 4B. Host: Pernis ptilorhyncus gurneyi Stresemann.

The male of this species is at once distinguished from phlyctopygus and all other
known species of Degeeriella by the enlarged antennae ; the species is further distin-
guished from phlyctopygus in the male by the details of the male genitalia, the greater
number of marginal setae on the last abdominal segment and the pleural thickening ;

and in the female by the shape of the head and the form of the pleural thickening.
Mare. Marginal carina and ventral suture of head as in phlyctopygus, shape as in
Pl. 8, fig. 2. Antenna with segment I enlarged and III with distal post-axial angle
prolonged (Text-fig. 99). The ocular and marginal temporal setae are shorter and
finer than in phlyctopygus, a reduction which may be correlated with the increased
size of the antennae. Tergite II-III as in phlyctopygus ; pleural thickening narrower
with smaller re-entrant heads (Text-fig. 68). Genitalia similar to those of phlycto-
pygus but differ in detail (Text-fig. 63) ; it should be noted that the sclerite supporting
the penis is curved dorsoventrally and therefore when pressed flat on a slide is
distorted in various ways. Internal genitalia unlike any other seen, with short
broad vesicular apparatus, apparently formed from two single-chambered lobes
only and with vasa deferentia entering near base (Text-fig. 7) ; ductus ejaculatorius
long and coiled.

FEMALE. Similar to that of phlyctopygus but differs in the shape of the head
(see Clay, 1957). There do not appear to be any constant characters distinguishing
the genital region of the two species ; there is individual variation in the shape of
the genital plate, number of setae and a small amount of variation in the shape of
the sclerites.

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae: II normally 6, range 6-7;
III-V normally 8, range 6-9; VI-VIII in the male normally 6, range 6-7, in the
female VI-VII normally 6, range 4-9; VIII range 3-6; X in the male, 1-3 each
side and in the female 2 each side. Pleural setae as in phlyctopygus. Sternocentral
setae: II, 4-7; III—VI in the male normally 6, range 4-6, in the female range
5-8; VII-VIII in male as in fulva, the usual spine-like seta may be elongated in
some specimens. Total number of marginal setae on last segment of male varies
from 22-29.

Nympus. Third instar nymphs have the anterior margin of the head rather similar
to that of D. fulva but somewhat more pointed.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. ¢ holotype and 20 4, 26 2 paratypes from Pernis ptilor-
hyncus gurneyi+ from Thailand and from P. ptilorhyncus ruficollis from Nepal ;
8 3, 8 2 from Pernis ptilorhyncus subsp. from Myitkyina, Upper Burma.

1 The form gurneyi is doubtfully distinct from ruficollis.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 195

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
OF A a | Cre Aen B |
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (9) . : : 0-60-0°63 0:62 0+45-0°47 (10) 0-46
Prothorax (6) . : —_ — 0+33-0°35 0:34
Pterothorax (6) . ; —_ — 0*49-0°52 0-50
Abdomen (6) I*I7-1°29 1°25 . 0+55-0:62 0:59
Total (6) 2*21-2°37 2°30 ‘ —_ aes
Genitalia (4) 0°47-0°'49 0°48 : — =
C.I. (9) O73 0°77 oy £ a = es
Female
Head (19) . ; ; 0:62-0:67 0:63 0*47-0°50 0°48
Prothorax (10) . ; — —_ 0+ 34-0°37 0°35
Pterothorax (10) ; — — 0*50-0°55 0°53
Abdomen (10) . ‘ 1+55-1°68 1-60 0:°64-0°75 0:68
Total (10) . : : 2°57-2°78 2°67 : —_ —
C.1. (17) . . + 0°745-0°775 OF755. O43 ea =

The punctifer Species Group

Head index greater than 0-94.
Postantennal dorsal sutures present.
Three of the marginal temporal setae each side elongated.
. Thoracic sternal plate as in Text-fig. 122.
Thorax and abdomen with general shape as in PI. 9, fig. 3.
As in fulva group.
As in rufa group.
8. Pleural thickening of segments III-VI without well developed re-entrant
heads.
g. Sternal thickening reduced and irregular in shape.
10. Male genital plate as in Text-fig. 103.
tr. As in fulva group.
12. Female inner genital sclerites fused in mid-line.
13. Male genitalia as in Text-figs. 41, 57 ; penial sclerite present.
14. As in discocephalus group.
15. Pleural setae absent on segment II and on X of male.
16. Sternocentral setae of segments III-VI normally more than 4.
17. As in fulva group but the last pair of sternal setae are both elongated.

Sees Po

This species group is distinguished from all others by several distinctive characters,
see 2, 3, 13 and 15 above; it has a superficial resemblance to discocephalus due to
the rounded form of the head and abdomen.

196 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Degeeriella punctifer (Gervais), 1844
Type host : Gypaétus barbatus barbatus (Linn.)
(Pl. 9, fig. 3; Text-figs. 8, 41, 57, 83, 103, 108, 122)

Philopterus punctifer Gervais, 1844. In Walckenaer’s Hist. nat. Ins. 3 : 353, pl. 49, f.1. Host:
Gypaétus barbatus.

Nirmus euzonius Nitzsch, 1861. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss. 17: 521. Host: Gypaétus
barbatus.

Some doubt has been raised about the correct interpretation of Philopterus
punctifer: Eichler (1941a: 179 and 1941): 350) followed Giebel (1874: 209) and
Piaget (1880 : 296) in believing this to be a Falcolipeurus, and erected a ‘‘neotype”’
(1941a: 179), although without description or figure. However, Neumann (1922:
235) had already shown that Gervais’ figure corresponds with the Degeeriella from
Gypaétus barbatus and not at all with a Falcolipeurus. Neumann is undoubtedly
correct ; for although the shape of the head in Gervais’ figure of the female is quite
unlike the species of Degeeriella, the figure is also unlike the description of the head,
which is referred to as “‘ disciforme ”’, which in fact it is; further, the shape of the
head of what is obviously meant to be a Struthioliperus on the same plate is also
totally unlike that of a Struthiolipeurus, so that it must be assumed that Gervais
was not able to represent shapes accurately. The dorsal view of the female abdomen
and the dorsal and ventral view of the male abdomen represents that of the Degeeriella
described below.

MALE. Head with marginal carina interrupted by ventral suture and only slightly
sclerotized at this point dorsally; narrow but definite hyaline margin present.
Mandibles and mandibular supports larger and more strongly sclerotized than
in previous species. First marginal temporal seta elongated in addition to the two
usual elongated temporal setae. Coni more elongated and more strongly sclero-
tized than in other species. Postantennal suture present and variable in form ;
may be complete and semicircular as in Lagopoecus or in the form of two lateral
sutures. Thoracic sternal plate as in Text-fig. 122; dorsal pterothoracic setae
vary from 4-5 each side. Terga II with median unsclerotized area, III narrowed
medially. Sternal plates small and irregular, and variable in outline ; genital plate
as in Text-fig. 103. Genitalia of distinctive form (Text-figs. 41, 57).

FEMALE. Terga of IX—XI as in Text-fig. 108. Genital region as in Text-fig.
83 ; inner genital sclerites fused in mid-line.

CHAETOTAXY OF ABDOMEN. Tergocentral setae: II normally 6, range, 5-7;
ITI-IV normally 8, range 7-9; V range 6-8; in the male VI-VII, 6-7, occasionally
40r5; VIII, 4-7; IX, 1-3 each side. In the female VI as in male; VII normally
4, range 3-7; VIII normally 4, range 2-6; X, 2 each side. Pleural setae: II,
o; III-V, 1 each side ; VI-VII, 2; VIII, 3 (occasionally 4) ; IX, 2; X in the male,
o and in the female 2 and occasionally 3 on one side. Sternocentral setae: II-V
normally 8, range 5-10; VI normally 6, range 6-8. In the male the last pair of

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 197°

sternal setae are both elongated. Total number of marginal setae of last segment
of male varies from 10-16.

Nympus. First and second instar nymphs have been seen, these resemble the
adult in the shape of the head, but the marginal carina is fully sclerotized dorsally.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Eighteen 3, 34 2 from Gypaétus barbatus aureus (Hablizl)
from Afghanistan and Sikkim.

Neotype of Philopterus punctifer Gervais: Male, slide no. 20071, in the Meinertz-
hagen collection, British Museum (Natural History) from Gypaétus barbatus aureus
from Sikkim ; 16 3, 34 2 neoparatypes from the same host form.

Neotype of Nirmus euzonius Nitzsch: Male, slide no. 10047, in the Meinertzhagen
collection, British Museum (Natural History) from Gypaétus barbatus aureus from
Afghanistan.

Measurements in mm.

Male
Length Breadth
iia si as [ im cai aw |
Range Mean Range Mean
Head (14). ; : 0*55-0:60 0°57 0-*59-0°65 0:63
Prothorax (10) , : — — 0+33-0°37 0-36
Pterothorax (10) . : — — 0+52-0°57 0°54
Abdomen (10) I-00-I-13 I-10 j 0-83-0°95 0:89
Genitalia (1) . 0°53 — ‘ —_ _
Total (10) 1 +82-2°05 1-96 - _— _
C.I. (14) I+05-I°13 IIo : _ a
Female
Head (23) . : ‘ 0+ 58-0-67 0:61 0-64-0°73 0-68
Prothorax (10) ‘ ‘ — — 0+35—-0°42 0:39
Pterothorax (10) . . — — , 0*57-0°65 0:60
Abdomen (10) ‘ ‘ 1+18-1-+48 1°34 ‘ = a
Total (10). ‘ ; 2+08—2:68 2°35 , _ —_
C.I. (23) 5 , ; I-09g-I ‘13 be & 2 . — —

Degeeriella gypsivorum Eichler, 1943
Type host : Gyps himalayensis Hume

Degeeriella gypsivorum Eichler, 1943. Zool. Anz. 142: 93, fig. 2. Host: Gyps himalayensis
Hume.

There is practically no description of this species : it is said to be somewhat smaller
than punctifer, but no measurements are given and the preantennal region of the
head is said to be parabolic in form, but there is no figure. The figure of the genitalia
shows these structures to be similar to those of punctifer. Whether this is a good
species, a subspecies or a synonym of punctifer must wait for an examination of the
types or material from the type host.

198 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

SPECIES SEDIS INCERTAE
Philopterus aguiae Gervais, 1844

Philopterus (Nirmus) agiae Gervais, 1844. In Walkenaer’s Hist. nat. Ins. 3: 350. Host:
Spizaetus melanoleucus = Geranoaetus melanoleucus.

It seems probable that the specimen from which Gervais made his description
of Philopterus aguiae did not belong to the Degeeriella. In the description he states
that the head is twice the breadth of the thorax, but in the Degeeriella species from
Geranoaetus the head is not twice the breadth of the prothorax and certainly not of
the pterothorax. Monsieur Brin of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
in Paris has kindly told me that there is none of Gervais’s type material in that
Museum ; and it is most probably no longer in existence. Specimens from Geran-
oaetus melanoleucus are the same as those from Aquila, namely D. fulva. It does
not seem reasonable to replace the established name fulva by aguiae which doubtfully
refers to a Degeeriella and which has never been in general use. The name Philop-
terus aguiae Gervais will, therefore, be submitted to the International Commission
on Zoological Nomenclature as a nomen dubium for inclusion in the Official Index
of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology. While this is under consideration
by the Commission the name aguiae should not be used to replace fulva.

Nirmus kunzei Giebel, 1874
Nirmus kunzet Giebel, 1874. Insecta epizoa: 125. Host: Falco tinnunculus.

This species was described from a single female specimen said to have been taken
from Falco tinnunculus ; according to the original description the specimen was quite
different from rufa. The type is lost and the original specimen was probably a
straggler, and as the species is not identifiable from the description this name should
be discarded as a nomen dubium.

Nirmus stenorhynchus Giebel, 1874
Nirmus stenorhynchus Giebel, 1874. Insecta epizoa:129. Host: Milvus aetolius.

This species said to have come from Milvus is not the same as regalis and is impos-
sible to identify from the original description. It is presumably a straggler, perhaps
not even from one of the Falconiformes and as the type is lost this name will be
submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for inclusion
in the Official Index on Zoological Names as a nomen dubium.

Nirmus secondaria Osborn, 1896
Nirmus secondaria Osborn, 1896. Bull. U.S. Bur. Ent. (N.s.)5: 227. Host: Corvus americanus.

It is not possible to assign this species with certainty to the Degeeriella; if the
types are no longer in existence the name should be discarded as a nomen dubium.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA 199

Degeeriella masumae Ansari, 1955

Degeeriella masumae Ansari, 1955. Proceedings VIIth Pakistan Sci. Conf., Biology : 42. Host:
Falco jugger Gray.

Degeeriella splendidus Ansari, 1955

Degeeriella splendidus Ansari, 1956. Proceedings VIIth Pakistan Sci. Conf., Biology : 42.
Host: Cerchneis tinnunculus interstinctus McClell = Falco tinnunculus interstinctus Horsfield.

Both D. masumae and D. splendidus were published twice as sp. n.: once in
the reference given above; and again in Indian Journ. Entom. 17 (1955): 395,
1956, when the name was changed to splendens. There are no figures and the
descriptions of the male genitalia make it doubtful whether these belong to the
genus Degeeriella at all.

Kry TO THE SPECIES OF Degeeriella PARASITIC
ON THE FALCONIFORMES

Three marginal temporal setae elongated, remainder minute; postantennal

dorsal sutures present. (Head index more than 0-94) : ; : punctifer
~ Two marginal temporal setae elongated ; postantennal sutures absent . : 2
2 (1) Head index more than 0-94 : ‘ : ; 4 . : : ‘ 3
- Head index less than 0:90 : : ‘
3 (2) Tergocentral setae of segments II-VI total more than 46; shape of head

diagnostic (Pl. 9, fig. 1) . ‘ . 4d. discocephalus
- Tergocentral setae of segments ‘II-VI total less than 44; shape of head

diagnostic (Pl. 9, fig. 2) . : d. aquilarum
4 (2) Sternocentral setae of segments II-VI normally ~ never r total more than18 . 13
~ Sternocentral setae of segments III-VI normally 6 or more, never total less than

20. (Pleural setae present on segment IV) ; ; : ‘ 5
5 (4) Male without penial sclerite and with pleural setae on segment x: female

genital plate with median posterior scaainacigaty ‘ ; : : : 6

- Without above characters .
6 (5) One seta each side of ventral sidenietal arm ; ead as in T ext figs. 126-1 28

vy. cavrvutht

- Two setae each side of ventral endomeral arm ; head as in Pl. 6, fig. 3
vy. vufa
7 (5) Males , : ‘ ‘ ; ‘. ‘ : : é : ; ‘ 8
~ Females . 2 P : ‘ 12
8 (7) Anteriorly curved sclerite supporting penis each side (Text- fig. 56) : F 9
- Genitalia not as above (Text-figs. 62-63) . : ‘ ‘ ‘ : : II
g (8) Shape of dorsal endomeral plate as in Text-fig. 40 J : ; . 4. deignani
- Shape of dorsal endomeral plate as in Text-fig. 39 i 10

Io (9) Fused terga of IX-—X considerably narrowed and arched medially (PL. 5, ‘fig. 1)

rv. vegalis

Fused tega of IX—X not so narrowed and arched medially (Pl. 5, fig. 3) 7. castanea*
vy. subsp.* (p. 191)
1r (8) First segment of antenna enlarged, third with distal postaxial angle prolonged
mookerjeet
= Antenna simple ‘ ‘ ‘ . ‘ . : : phlyctopygus
* Shape of heads of males and females Seen see figures and descriptions.

(7)

(4)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(17)

(18)

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA

Inner genital sclerites fused or approximated medially (Text-fig. 80) : v. vegalis
Inner genital sclerites separated medially . : : : ; . 4. deignani*
v. castanea*
vy. subsp.*
phiyctopygus*
mookerjeei*
Segment IV with one pleural seta each side (terga II-III indented medially)
hopkinsi
Segment IV without pleural seta i : ; ; : : . ; 14
Segment V with one pleural seta each side . 5 ; : ; 4 ; 20
Segment V without pleural seta . ‘ 15
Ventral carina with a definite flattened edge enteriorly, to which is attached
lobe of pulvinus (Text-fig. 12 ah inner genital sclerites fused medially ; 16
Not as above . ; : ‘ . ‘ ' ‘ : ‘ 17
Penial sclerite not joined to penis ; female genital plate with median posterior
prolongation , : ; : ; . ; , : . guimaraesi
Not as above . ; ; ' meinerizhagent
Pleural thickening without ‘well developed re- >-entrant heads ‘ ‘ . leucopleura
Pleural thickening of at least some segments with well developed re-entrant
heads . : ‘ ; ‘ 18
Head broad and rounded anteriorly, breadth at temples : 0+47-0°52 mm.
africana
Head narrower and pointed anteriorly, breadth at temples: 0-36-o-'41 mm. . 19
Tergal plates apparent on a XI of male; genitalia diagnostic (Text-figs.
36, 54). ‘ : : ; : elani*
Tergal plates not apparent - on segment XI of male ; spear diagnostic (Text-
figs. 37, 53) .- ‘ . tendeiroi*

Ventral carina developed anteriorly each with a ‘flattened inner edge. (Mar-
ginal temporal carinae broad ; tergite III with at least an anterior concavity)

elbela
Not as above . ; : , ‘ : ‘ 2I
Tergite III without definite median indentation ‘ ; are ’ é 22
Tergite III with definite median indentation ‘ ‘ ‘ : 25
Ventral outline of pleural thickening approximately straight . : ; : 23
Ventral outline of pleural thickening of at least some segments convex . 24
Ventral suture reaches anterior margin of head; male genitalia diagnostic
(Text-figs. 26, 42) : : . fulva
Ventral suture does not reach anterior margin of head ; male genitalia diagnostic
(Text-fig. 43) ‘ , : ‘ ; . beaufacies
Male genitalia diagnostic (Text-fig. 4 5) ‘ " : ; ; ‘ emersont
Male genitalia diagnostic (Text-fig. 44) ; ‘ ‘ d , " carvikert
Male genitalia diagnostic (Text-fig. 101) . . . vima
Central area of tergite IJ round median indentation more strongly pigmented.
(Shape of head and male genitalia diagnostic) . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ . fusca
Not as above . : ; ° . , : . ‘ 26
Tergocentral setae on segments III-VIII, 4 : ‘ ; ; : ; 27
Tergocentral setae on segments III-VIII, 60r more. , ; 5 ; 28
Head narrow, breadth at temples of males and females: 0-35-0-42 mm.
n. haydockt
Head broader, breadth at temples of single female: 0°47 mm. ‘ n. epustulata
Tergite II with definite median slit . ‘ : ; ; ‘ . nisus*
n. vagans*
Tergite Il with at most shallow concavity . 4 i 3 5 = n. frater

* See footnote on previous page.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA

HOST-LIST
FALCONIFORMES
Host* . Degeeriella species
Suborder CATHARTAE No Degeeriella.

Suborder FALCONES
Superfamily SAGITTARIOIDEA
Superfamily FALCONOIDEA

Family ACCIPITRIDAE
Subfamily ELANINAE
x Elanus caeruleus
E. notatus .
E. leucurus
x Chelictinia riocourit
Subfamily PERNINAE
x Elanoides forficatus
x Aviceda leuphotes
x Pernis apivorus .
x Pernis ptilorhynchus
Subfamily MILVINAE
x Milvus milvus
Milvus migrans
Milvus lineatus

x Haliastuy indus .

Subfamily AcCIPITRINAE

x Accipiter nisus
Accipiter striatus

x Accipiter gentilis
Accipiter cooperit
Accipiter badius
Accipiter tachiro
Accipiter virgatus

x Accipiter minullus

x Accipiter bicolor .
Melierax musicus
Melievax metabates
Melierax gabar

Gevanoaetus melanoleucus

Buteo rufinus
Buteo rufofuscus
Buteo hemilasius
Buteo regalis

Buteo jamaicensis

Buteo havlani
Buteo lineatus
Buteo buteo

Buteo vulpinus
Buteo burmanicus
Buteo lagopus}
Buteo swainsont .
Buteo galapagoensis

2 i

No Degeeriella.

elant
a”)

a”?

meinertzhagent
guimaraesi

elbeli

phlyctopygus
mookerjeet

v. vegalis

{ xr. deignant

Nisus nisus

nisus vagans

nisus frater

nisus haydocki
nisus epustulata
fulva+

te
?

fulva

rv. vegalis
fulva

vegalis vegalis

”? >

GENERA

Species group

elant

phlyctopygus

a”?

vegalis

a”?

vegalis
fulva

vegalis

a”?

* Genera and species from which no Degeeriella have been seen are not included.

x Type host, + or subspecies.
ENTOM. 7, 4.

201

Page No.

174

176
177
172

193
194

186

190
155
157

158

160
161
149
149
149

144

186

144

186

202 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGA GENERA
Host* Degeeriella species Species group
Parabuteo unicinctus emersont fulva
x Leucopternis polionota carvikeri fulva
x Kaupifalco monogrammicus . vima e,
x Butastur teesa ‘ beaufacies es
Hypomorphnus urubitinga ? és
x Buteogallus gundlachii emersont és
Lophaétus occipitalis fulva+ s
x Stephanoaétus coronatus afvicana i
Polemaétus bellicosus fulva+ +
Hieraaétus ayresit ‘ fulva+ =
fulva ne
x Aquila chrysaétos ; discocephalus discocephalus
aquilarum
; ; ulva ulva
ane Dinar d. jhe oe.
: ulva —
ses esas ba d. Bathe discocephalus
x Aquila nipalensis A » te
; ulva ulva
ATU CONES d. pene ji ee
: ; ulva fulva
AIS DONA d. piace discocephalus
Aquila verveauxit fulva fulva
Aquila wahlbergi a ee
x Haltaeetus voctfer v. castanea vegalis
Haliaeetus pelagicus d. discocephalus discocephalus
Haliaeetus leucoryphus vegalis + vegalis
Haliaeetus leucocephalus d. discocephalus discocephalus
x Haliaeetus albicilla Ke = “
Icthyophaga ichthyaetus fulva+ fulva
Subfamily AEGYPIINAE
x Gyps himalayensis ? gypsivorum punctifer
x Gypohierax angolensis . vy. subsp. vegalis
x Gypaétus barbatus punctifer punctifer
Subfamily CrrRcINAE
Circus cyaneus fusca fulva
Circus macrourus + is
Circus pygargus . ” ”
Circus melanoleucus 9 ”
x Circus aeruginosus Pr ”
Subfamily CriRCAETINAE
x Terathopius ecaudatus . hopkinsi js
Circaétus gallicus leucopleura i
Circaétus gallicus leucopleura ie
Circaétus cinereus ” ”
x Circaétus cinerascens a ”
Spilornis cheela . ? ”
Family FALCONIDAE
Subfamily PoLIHIERACINAE
Neohierax insignis ; ? vufa
. (Host record needs .
confirmation)
x Gampsonyx swainsonit tenderoi elani

Page No.

154
153
150
152
149
154
149
151
149
149
144
170

144

190
168

168
149
197
I9l
196

162

164
165

149

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGO GENERA 203

Host* Degeeriella species Species group Page No.
Subfamily FALCONINAE
Falco biarmicus . ; ; rufa > rufa . 180
Falco cherrug . ‘ ~ F i
Falco mexicanus . ; FF : a
Falco jugger . ; . a : 33

Falco rusticolus . ‘ . +. 2 -
Falco peregrinus ; : “a : ”
Falco subbuteo . 2 : re ; v
Falco cuvieriit : 5 f $5
Falco eleonorae : : sh : x
Falco concolor . : - a : 3
Falco hypoleucos ‘ , AS . ”
Falco fuscocaerulescens ; ss ° ”
Falco columbarius . ‘ oe : i
Falco ardosiaceus : P 3 : »
Falco vespertinus : ‘ » . ”
Falco amurensis . : . if : ”
Falco naumanni ; ; Fr. F ”

x Falco tinnunculus : ; rufa rufa , By
Falco alopex i ‘ : vufa : ry

x Falco sparverius ; ; v. carruthi j ~ 185
Tevacidea orientalis. P rufa ‘ a

HOST RELATIONSHIPS

It seems that the relationships of many of the Falconiformes are still the subject
of considerable differences of opinion amongst ornithologists (Clay, 1957 : 146),
and for this reason any evidence from the distribution of the parasites should be
considered. However, as far as Degeeriella is concerned much of the evidence is
difficult to interpret and only tentative suggestions of the relationship of the hosts
can bemade. Among the reasons for this are the following : (1) Therather close simi-
larity of most of the species of Degeeriella, and the difficulty of judging the significance
of the small character differences in relation to the time of separation of the popu-
lations and thus of their hosts. (2) The difficulty of knowing which of the species
groups are the most primitive. It is not yet possible to describe with any certainty
the form of the primitive mallophagen head. The different genera of Ischnocera
usually resemble each other in the characters of the anterior margin of the head to
a greater extent in the nymph than in the adult and as both nymph and adult live
in the same environment, it can be presumed that the head with the complete
anterior margin (as found in the majority of nymphs) is the more primitive. It is
more difficult to decide whether the primitive Ischnocera had the complete semi-
circular central carina or the interrupted carina, with the two carinae passing to
the anterior margin of the head. In Degeeriella the ventral carina is interrupted,
but the two carinae are poorly developed anteriorly, except in the elani group
and the nymphs of D. rufa. The nymph of rufa also has a dorsal preantennal
suture delineating a semicircular dorsal anterior plate. It is not impossible,

204 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGO GENERA

therefore, that the characters of the head of the fulva and discocephalus groups
are secondary, even secondarily approaching the primitive condition, if the
primitive Ischnoceran Mallophaga is presumed to have this type of head. Or
alternatively, the species of the elani group are derived from a discocephalus
type, but then it must be postulated that rufa shows a more primitive con-
dition of the head in the adult than in the nymph. (3) The difficulty of dis-
tinguishing between primary and secondary absences of the species of Degeerella.
Was the discocephalus type evolved on a common ancestor of Aguila and
Haliaeétus after this became separated from other hawks? This would suggest
a close relationship between these genera. Or did it once have a widespread
distribution later becoming extinct except on these hawks? From the resemblance,
perhaps of no significance, between the heads of the nymphs of fulva and the adults
of discocephalus it is possible that these species were derived relatively recently
from a common ancestor, suggesting an originally wider distribution for disco-
cephalus. It is possible that some of the differences between the mallophagan
faunas such as those of Buteo galapagoensis and B. swainsoni and the rest of Buteo
is due to the extinction of a different member of an original sympatric pair (Clay,
1949: 296). The fulva, regalis, and discocephalus types may all have been found
on the ancestral Accipitridae and since become extinct on some or other of the present
members of the family. However, even this may indicate relationships ; for instance
the fact that fulva is not found on any of the genera included in the Milvinae suggests
that it had already become extinct (if ever present) on an ancestral stock which gave
rise to these genera and thus confirms their relationships.

As an indication of the relationships of the Falconiformes as accepted by at least
some ornithologists the arrangement in Peters (1931) has been followed. On pp.
202-3 above is a list of hosts (arranged according to Peters) and their known species
of Degeeriella together with the species groups to which these belong. It can be
seen from this list that in general the distribution follows that of the arrangement of
their hosts, but with some notable exceptions. The relationships between species
of Degeeriella which seem to throw some light on the relationships of their hosts are
discussed in the following paragraphs.

1. The Degeeriella from Elanus, Chelictinia, Elanoides and possibly Aviceda form
a related group, with those from Chelictinia and Elanoides probably being the most
nearly related. The species from Gamsonyx, and also possibly Falco and Ieracidea,
all belonging to the family Falconidae, should perhaps be included in this group
(Clay, 1958: 2). The Degeeriella species from Pernis (a genus placed in the Per-
ninae with Elanoides and Aviceda) are quite distinct and perhaps show affinities
with those from the Milvinae.

2. The Milvinae are parasitized by a distinctive species of Degeeriella ; the suppo-
sition that this may be a relic of a sympatric pair has already been mentioned, and
it is therefore possible that the Milvinae are in fact rather more nearly related to the
Accipitrinae than their Degeeriella suggest. ;

3. The Degeeriella of the Accipitrinae suggest a fairly close relationship between
the members of this subfamily, especially between Aquila and Buteo ; further that
there is little difference between this subfamily and the Circinae, and that Terathopius

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGO GENERA 205

and Circaétus (but not Spilornis) of the subfamily Circaetinae are similar but rather
more distinct. Buteo galapagoensis, B. swainsom, Haliaeetus vocifer and H.
leucoryphus have the same species as found on Milvus (see above). Aguila and
Haliaeétus have a second species discocephalus, the resemblance of the nymphs of
fulva to the adults of this species has already been mentioned and perhaps confirms
the close relationship of Buteo and Aquila which is suggested by both being parasitized
by fulva.

4. Few Degeeriella species are known from the Aegypiinae: Gypaétus has a
distinctive species (punctifer) not closely related to any other except gypsivorum
from Gyps himalayensis. This would suggest that Gypaétus and Gyps are wrongly
placed between the Accipitrinae and the Circinae. Boetticher & Eichler (1954)
considered that the Degeeriella species found on Aquila and Gypaetus showed a
relationship between these hosts, but this was based on the erroneous assumption
that discocephalus and punctifer were closely related, but the two species resemble
each other only in shape. The Degeeriella of Gypohierax is a subspecies of regalis,
rather near that of Haliaeétus vocifer, this suggests if no secondary infestation has
taken place, that Gypohierax is wrongly placed in the Aegypiinae.

5. It seems doubtful whether the genera included in the Falconidae do in fact,
formarelated group. Asalready shown the Degeeriella from Gampsonyx and possibly
also Neohierax, Falco and Ieracidea show a relationship to those on some of the genera
included in the Elaninae and Perninae. The subfamily Polyborinae do not have
any species of Degeeriella sens. str. but are parasitized by a species of the closely
related genus Acutifrons. The parasites of Microhierax and of Polshierax, belonging
to the Polihieracinae, do not belong to Degeeriella and have been dealt with elsewhere
(Clay, 1955).

A detailed study of the other genera of Mallophaga living on the Falconiformes
may give some further indications of the relationships of their hosts.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am indebted to a large number of people for the presentation and loan of material ;
these include F. Balat, M. A. Carriker, R. Elbel, K. C. Emerson, L. Guimaraes,
G. H. E. Hopkins, S. von Kéler, R. Meinertzhagen, J. Tendeiro and the U.S. National
Museum. I am also much indebted to. Mr. G. H. E. Hopkins for advice and criti-
cisms on various points and to Dr. Joao Tendeiro for much helpful co-operation.
I am also grateful to the Zoological Society, Calcutta, and the Royal Entomological
Society for permission to publish certain text-figures and plates which have appeared
in their journals.

SUMMARY

The characters and distribution of the Degeeriella-complex are discussed.
Degeeriella sens. str., as found on the Falconiformes, is described. Variations and
artefacts, characters of taxonomic importance and the concept of the subspecies
in this group are considered. A systematic survey of all known species is given
followed by a key and notes on names of which the correct interpretation is doubtful.

206 REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGO GENERA

Finally some suggestions are made on possible relationships within the Falconiformes
based on the distribution of the Mallophaga.

REFERENCES

BLAGOVESHTCHENSKY, D. I. 1956. [The structure and systematic significance of the sexual
systems of the Mallophaga.] Parasitol. Sborn. zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Leningrad
16 : 5-88.

BokETTicHER, H. von & EICHLER, W. 1954. Parasitophyletische Studien zur Ornitho-
systematik. II. Die Verteilung der Degeeriellidae und Falcolipeuridae bei den Accipitres.
Biol. Zbl. 73 : 212-221.

Brown, W. L. & Witson, E.O. 1956. Character displacement. Syst. Zool. 5 : 49-64.

CARRIKER, M. A. 1956. Neotropical Mallophaga Miscellany, No. 9. Rev. Brasil. Ent. 5:

IIlI—146.

1957. Notes on some of the Kellogg types of Mallophaga. Microentomology, 22 : 95-110.
Cray, T. 1949. Some problems in the evolution of a group of ectoparasites. Evolution,

3 : 279-299.

—— 1951. An introduction to a classification of the Avian Ischnocera (Mallophaga). Tvans.
R. ent. Soc. Lond. 102 : 171-194.

1953. Revisions of the Genera of Mallophaga. I. The Rallicola-complex. Proc. zool.
Soc. Lond. 123 : 563-587.

1955. Revisions of the genera of Mallophaga. Colilipeurus and a new genus, Tyvans.
R. ent. Soc. Lond. 107 : 169-186.

1956. Phthiraptera. In Tuxen, Taxonomist’s Glossary of Genitalia in Insects : 145-148.
Copenhagen.

19574. Degeeriella parasitic on Pernis. Proc. zool. Soc. Calcutta, Mookerjee Memor.
vol. : 339-347.

19576. The Mallophaga of Birds. In First Symposium on Host Specificity among Para-
sites of Vertebrates, Neuchatel : 120-154.

1958. Three new species of Degeeriella from the Falconiformes. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond.
(B) 27: 1-7.

Cray, T. & Hopkins, G.H. E. 1954. The early literature on Mallophaga. Bull. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Entom. 3 : 223-266.

1955. Notes on the Rudow Collection of Mallophaga at Hamburg. Mitt. Hamburg
Zool. Mus. Inst. 53 : 49-73.

DoBzHANSKY, TH. 1951. Genetics and the origin of species, 3rd ed. Columbia University
Press, New York.

EIcHLER, W. 1941a. Uber die Mallophagen von Lammergeier und Himalayageier. Schweiz.
Arch. Tierheilk. 83 : 178-181.

1941b. Zur Klassifikation der Lauskerfe. Avch. Naturgesch., Leipzig (N.F.) B. 10:
345-398.

Hopeies G. H. E. 1947. Notes on Mallophagen Nomenclature. II. Entomologist, 80:

73-79.

1949. Host-associations of the lice of mammals. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 119 : 387-604.
Jorpan, K. 1896. On mechanical selection and other problems. Novit. zool. 3 : 426-525.
K&LER, von S. 1939. Baustoffe zu einer Monographie der Mallophagen. II. Uberfamilie

Nirmoidea. Nova Acta Leop.-Carol. (N.F.), 8 : 1-254.

Mayr, E. 1951. Speciation in birds. Proc. Xth Intern. Ornith. Congress, 1950 : 91-131.

Mayr, E., Linstey, E. G. & Usincer, R. L. 1953. Methods and Principles of Systematic
Zoology. New York.

NEUMANN, L. G. 1922. Mallophages. Im Voyage de M. le Baron de Rothschild en Ethiopie
et en Afrique Orientale Anglaise, 1904-05. Resultats scientifiques, Animaux articules,
1 : 22-240.

REVISIONS OF MALLOPHAGO GENERA 207

PETERS, J. L. 1931. Check-list of Birds of World. Cambridge, U.S.A.

Scumutz, W. 1955. Zur Konstruktionsmorphologie des mannlichen Geschlechtsapparates
der Mallophagan. Zoll. Jb. (Anatomie), 74 : 189-338.

STRINDBERG, H. 1918. Typstudien uber die Geschlectsorgane einiger Mallophagengattungen.
Z. wissZool. 117 : 591-653.

TENDEIRO, J. 1955. Estudos sobre uma colecgdo de Maléfagos de Aves. Bol. cult. Guiné
Portuguesa (1954), 9 (35) : 497-625.

TJONNELAND, A. 1955. A comparison of the variation coefficients of some measurements
of Degeeriella aquilarum Eichler (Mallophaga). Naturvitenskapelig rekke, 10 Univ. Bergen :
4-9.

WATERSTON, J. 1928. Mallophaga of the Sand-grouse. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. : 333-356.

PLATE 1

Fics. 1-7. Degeeriella fulva ($3) from various hosts :

Fic. 1. Aquila chrysaétos.
Fic. 2. Buteo lagopus.

Fics. 3-4. Aquila wahlbergi.
Fic. 5. Buteo buteo.

Fic. 6. Buteo harlani.

Fic. 7. Buteo jamaicensis.

PLATE 2
Fic. 1. Degeeriella africana.
Fic. 2. Degeeriella carrikeri.
Fic. 3. Degeeriella n. haydocki.
PLATE 3
Fic. 1. Degeeriella n. nisus.
Fic. 2. Degeeriella n. vagans.
Fic. 3. Degeeriella n. frater. Lectotype.
PLATE 4
Fic. 1. Degeeriella leucopleura.
Fic. 2. Degeeriella hopkinsi.
Fic. 3. Degeeriella fusca.
PLATE 5
Fic. 1. Degeeriella rv. vegalis from Milvus milvus.
Fic. 2. Degeeriella r. deignani.
Fic. 3. Degeeriella r. castanea.
PLATE 6
Fic. 1. Degeeriella elani.
Fic. 2. Degeeriella tendeirot.

Fic.

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

3. Degeeriella rufa from Falco tinnunculus.

PLATE 7
1. Degeeriella guimaraest.
2. Degeeriella meinertzhagent.
3. Degeeriella elbeli.
4. Male genitalia of fig. 1.
5. Male genitalia of fig. 2.
6. Male genitalia of fig. 3.
PLATE 8
1. Degeeriella phlyctopygus.
2. Degeeriella mookerjeet.
3. Degeeriella fulva from Aquila chrysaétos, male genitaha.
4. Degeeriella beaufacies, male genitalia.
5. Degeeriella n. nisus, male genitalia.
6. Degeeriella fusca, male genitalia.
7. Degeeriella rufa from Falco tinnunculus, male genitalia.
PLATE 9
1. Degeeviella d. discocephalus from Haliaeetus albicilla.

2. Degeeriella d. aquilarum from Aquila nipalensis.

3. Degeeriella punctifer.
Photographs by J. V. Brown
British Museum (Natural History)

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 7, 4 PEALE: 2

i TAG:
. = 2 y i Fe
de pe.
Lg
dens \ I

Ig .
=

mam Nt
b
i

MER

{

/. agen al

ee ee a a

PEAT E23

Bull. B. M.(N.H.) Entom. 7, 4

PLATE 3

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 7, 4

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 7, 4 PLATE 5

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 7, 4 PLATE 6

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 7, 4 PLATE 9

Bull. B.M. (N.H.), Entom. 7, 4.

PLATE 8.

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 7, 4. PLA eo:

* ¢ r -_—.
Dass . kee Tet

—_ ai Ca

REVISION DU GENRE
EXOCENTRUS MULSANT
(COL., CERAMBYCIDAE)

S. BREUNING

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 5
LONDON : 1958

= J
=

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT
(COL., CERAMBYCIDAE)

PAR

S. BREUNING

/ I
Ky f

¥(

Pp. 209-328; 5 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol 7 No. 5
LONDON : 1958

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, 1s
issued in five series corresponding to the Depariments
of the Museum, and an Historical Series.

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within one calendar year.

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REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT
(COL., CERAMBYCIDAE)

Par S. BREUNING

Genus EXOCENTRUS Mulsant

Exocentrus Mulsant, 1839, Col. Fr., Long. : 152.

Exocentrus + Camptomyme Pascoe, 1864, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 131 : 27, 43.

Oligopsis Thomson, 1864, Syst. Cer. : 111.

Exocentrus Mulsant, Bates, 1866, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (3) 17 : 191.

Exocentrus + Oligopsis + Camptomyme Lacordaire, 1872, Gen. col. 9 : 800, 801, 805, 806, 815.

Exocentrus Mulsant, Ganglbauer, 1884, Best. Tab. 7 : 692.

Ispaterus Fairmaire, 1892, Rev. d’Ent. 11 : 122.

Pseudocentrus Fairmaire, 1901, Rev. d’Ent. 20 : 230.

Exocentrus Mulsant, Matsushita, 1933, Journ. Fac. Agr. Hokk. 34 : 389.

Exocentrus Mulsant, Gressitt, 1939, Lingn. Sc. Journ. 18 : 82 ; 1940, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 72 : 182,
183 ; 1951, Longicornia, 2 : 518.

Exocentrus Mulsant, Lepesme & Breuning, 1955, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 60 : 127.

EN ovale allongé ou allongé. Antennes normalement peu fines, un peu moins longues
que le corps 4 modérément plus longues, frangées en dessous de poils longs ; le scape
long et mince, le troisiéme article plus ou moins long que le quatriéme ou que le
scape, les articles 4 partir du cinquiéme diminuant progressivement en longeur.
Tubercules antenniféres non ou peu saillants. Yeux assez grossiérement facettés
et fortement échancrés, les lobes inférieurs grands. Pronotum transverse, pourvu
d’une épine latérale recourbée. Elytres plus larges que le pronotum, modérément
convexes, normalement arrondis a l’apex, pourvus souvent de points sérialement
disposés. Téte retractile. Saillie prosternale étroite, moins haute que les hanches,
arquée. Saillie mesosternale peu large, inclinée vers l’avant. Métasternum de
longueur normale. Cavités coxales intermédiaries fermées. Pattes de longueur
moyenne ; fémurs claviformes; tibias intermédiaires pourvus d’un léger sillon
dorsal ; crochets divariqués. Tout les corps, les pattes et les antennes hérissés de
poils dressés longs.

Type: Exocentrus lusitanus L. 259 espéces, répandues par l’Afrique, l’Europe,
l’Asie et les Iles orientales vers l’est jusqu’aux Iles Carolines, la Nouvelle Guinée et
le Queensland.

Mulsant, lors de sa description du genre Exocentrus, y avait placé deux espéces,
cinereus Muls. et lusitanus L. Dans sa deuxiéme edition de ses Coleoptéres de France
parue en 1863 il avait placé lui méme le cinereus dans son genre Oplosia. Ainsilusitanus
L. devient automatiquement par élimination le type du genre Exocentrus.

ENTOM, 7. 5. II

212 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Les espéces suivantes décrites comme appartenant au genre Exocentrus Muls. sont
a exclure du genre:
bioculatus Matsumura & Matsushita, binhanus Pic, fujiyamai Matsumura &
Matsushita, imhirsutus Pic, leiopodinus Marsushita, meridianus Ohbayashi,
satpanensis Ohbayashi et tonsus Bates, ces huit espéces se placant dans le genre
Aegocidnus Pascoe.
antennalis Jordan et polymitus Jordan, ces deux espéces se placant dans le
genre Jordanoleiopus Breuning.
elegans Fairmaire appartenant au genre Parhoplomelas Breuning.
inermis Gahan appartenant au genre Acartus Fahraeus comme synonyme de
Mivtus Fahraeus.
aurovilliust Fisher appartenant au genre Paroligopsis Breuning.
hirsutulus Faldermann, espéce douteuse.!
setosus Serville appartenant au genre Cosmotomoides Melzer.
nitidulus Bates, pusillus Blanchard et setosus Serville appartenant a des
genres americains.

Les genres Camptomyme Pascoe, Oligopsis Thomson et Pseudocentrus Fairmaire
ne forment pas des genres a part mais peuvent étre conservés comme noms de sous-
genres. Je partage le genre Exocentrus en dix sousgenres me basant surtout aussi
sur la longueur relative des premiers articles antennaires. Ces sousgenres ne forment —
souvent pas des groupes phylogéniquement homogénes mais facilitent le partage des
trés nombreuses espéces du genre qui ne sont généralement pas séparés par des
cartéres structurels importants. IJspaterus Fairmaire est un synonyme d’Oligopsis
Thomson.

TABLEAU DE DETERMINATION DES SOUSGENRES

1. Troisi¢me article des antennes moins long que le quatriéme ‘ ‘ ‘ 2
— Troisiéme article des antennes tout au moins aussi long que le quatriéme ; ‘ 5
2. Chaque élytre étiré en une épine apicale
ibs 10, Dentexocentrus Breuning (une éspéce, p. 226)
— Elytres arrondis a l’apex : . ‘ , ‘ , 3
3. Troisiéme article des antennes moins long que le scape
Sg. 3, Centenexocentrus Breuning (Tableau, p. 221)
— Troisiéme article des antennes plus long que le scape A ‘ F . ‘ 4
4. Antennes fines ; les points des élytres disposés sans ordre
Sg. 5, Woodlarkexocentrus Breuning (une éspece, p. 221)
— Antennes peu fines ; les points des élytres sérialement disposés
Sg. 4, Barbierexocentrus Breuning (une éspece, p. 221)
5. Troisiéme article des antennes aussi long que le quatriéme . ‘ : '
— Troisi¢éme article des antennes plus long que le quatriéme . ; ‘ ‘ ; 7

1 Astyonomus hirsutulus Faldermann, 1837, Fna. Transcauc. 2 : 272, pl. 8, fig. 5.
Astyonomus hirsutulus Ganglbauer, 1884, Best. Tab. 8 : 535.
Exocentrus hirsutulus Plaviltschikov, 1926, Encycl. Ent. 1, Col. 2 : 60.

Plaviltschikov dit au sujet de cette espéce (l.c.) :

“ Exocentrus hirsutulus Faldermann est sans doute un Exocentrus mais d’aprés la description et la
figure données par Faldermann il est impossible de décider 4 quelle espéce de ce genre on doit attribuer
cette description (probablement a l’Exocentrus adspersus Mulsant). Je propose de ne pas citer cette
espéce dans la liste des espéces décrites et de la prendre comme un nomen nudum (a cause de sa
description insuffisante).”’

I2.

13.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Les points des élytres sont plus ou moins alignés, sauf parfois dans le quart sutural

Sg. 2, Camptomyme Pascoe (Tableau, p.

Les points des élytres sont disposés sans ordre

Sg. 1, Exocentrus Mulsant s. sty. (Tableau, p.

Troisiéme article des antennes un peu plus long que le quatriéme

Sg. 6, Pseudocentrus Fairmaire (Tableau, p.

Troisiéme article des antennes beaucoup plus long que le quatriéme
Chaque élytre pourvu d’une petite bosse discale postbasilaire

Sg. 9, Tuberculexocentrus Breuning (une éspéce, p.

Elytres sans trace d’une bosse discale :
Les points des élytres sont sérialement disposés sauf parfois sur le tiers sutural

Sg. 7 Oligopsis Thomson (Tableau, p.

Les points des élytres sont disposés sans ordre

Sg. 8, Formosexocentrus Breuning (une éspéce, p.

TABLEAU DE DETERMINATION DES ESPECES
1. Sousgenre EXOCENTRUS Mulsant s.s.

Elytres parsemés de trés petites taches blanches, rangées longitudinalement.
Elytres sans taches semblables
Ces taches ne sont pas rangées en séries longitudinales réguligres

albomaculatus Pic (p.

Ces taches sont rangées en séries longitudinales réguliéres .
Ces taches sont disposées en outre sous forme de deux bandes transversales, une

prémédiane et une médiane. : : enganensis Breuning (p.

Ces taches ne sont pos disposées en forme de bandes transversales
Ces taches sont disposées en cinq séries longitudinales sur chaque élytre

lachrymosus Pascoe (p.

Ces taches sont disposées en sept séries longitudinales sur chaque élytre

L’épine latérale du pronotum faiblement recourbée . ‘ lacteolus Gahan (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum fortement recourbée

Cette épine est précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse . ‘ hageni Breuning (p.

Cette épine n’est pas précédée d’une bosse latérale

Pronotum et écusson rousseAtres
Pronotum et écusson d’une autre Souteuee
Elytres revétus de pubescence jaune pale et marbrés de brun

tesselatus Perroud (p.

Elytres couverts en majeure partie de pubescence brun foncé
Elytres avec de trés petites taches blanchatres disposées en forme de deux bandes

transversales, une prémédiane et une postmédiane. albosticticus Breuning (p.

Elytres sans de taches pareilles
Quart apical de l’élytre revétu d’une trés fine pubescence grise

ruficollis Lameere .

Quart apical sans pubescence grise .
L’épine latérale du pronotum modérément recourbée. Elytres finement ponctués |

subruficollis Breuning (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum fortement recourbée. Elytres trés finement ponctués

pseudoruficollis Breuning (p.
L’épine latérale du pronotum a peine recourbée testudineus Matsushita (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum toujours nettement recourbée
Chaque élytre orné de cing bandes longitudinales jaunatres peu larges, largement

interrompues aprés le milieu F ‘ : ; . bauhiniae Fisher (p.

Pubescence élytrale différente .

pseudandamanensis Breuning (p.

213

214

33:

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Elytres avec nombreuses taches blanchatres oblongues formant une sorte de bande
médiane transversale et largement interrompues aprés le milieu

insulicola Breuning ‘P.

Pubescence élytrale différente .
Elytres couverts de pubescence grise et ornés ‘de deus bandes ‘transversales zig-

zaguées brunes, une médiane et une capes ; klapperichi Breuning (p.

Elytres sans ces dessins .

Chague élytres avec une grande tache ou une ‘bande transversale, postmédianes
brunes ;

Elytres sans ces dessins : ,

Elytres ornés d’étroites bandes longitudinales blanchAtres : sur lo moitié antérieure
et sur la partie apicale et de deux bandes transversales blanchatres, une post-

basilaire et une médiane . ‘ : ’ brevisetosus Gressitt (p.

Elytres sans ces dessins .
La tache postmédiane brune n ’atteint pas le bord latéral
Cette tache ou bande atteint le bord latéral

Lobes inférieurs des yeux aussi longs que les joues_. ‘ parrotiae Fisher (p.
Lobes inférieurs des yeux tout au moins deux fois plus longs que les joues

Cette tache est assez floue ‘ ; : ‘ : occidentalis Breuning (p.
Cette tache est trés nette : : ; ‘ : . :
Cette tache est prédédée de pubescence blanchAtre . subplagiatus Breuning (p.
Cette tache n’est pas précédée de pubescence blanchatre . plagiatus Hintz (p.

La tache ou la bande postmédiane brune est interrompue par de petites taches
jaunes rangées sérialement . :
Cette tache out bande non interrompue par de petites taches dlaives

L’épine latérale du pronotum faiblement recourbée . . adspersus Mulsant (©:

L’epine latérale du pronotum fortement recourbée : ‘
Partie basilaire des articles antennaires 4 partir du troisiéme a pubescence jaune ,
Partie basilaire des ces articles non revétue de pubescence jaune

decellei Breuning (p.

Troisiéme article des antennes aussi long que le premier

interruptefasciatus Breuning (p.
Troisiéme article des antennes moins long que le scape ugandicola Breuning (p.

Elytres parsemés sauf sur la bande postmédiane, de taches circulaires grises.
Elytres sans ces taches .

Pronotum deux fois plus large que long ; ; , . albovarius Fisher (p.
Pronotum transverse, mais pas deux fois plus large que long . badius Fisher (p.

Lobes inférieurs des yeux presque trois fois plus longs que les joues
Lobes inférieurs des yeux a peine de moitié plus longs que les joues
La bande postmédiane brune de l’élytre forme avec celle du deuxiéme élytre un

grand M . ‘ ; ; p : asmarensis Breuning (p.

Cette bande autrement formée :
La bande postmédiane brune de |’élytre sensiblement amincie dans la 2 zone suturale

savioi Pic P

Cette bande trés large aussi du cété sutural ‘
«s taches jaunatres de l’élytre condensées en trois larges bandes transversales, une

rosthasilaire, une médiane et une postmédiane : . massarti Breuning (p.

ins ces taches : ; d : ‘ :
; res petites taches branes disposées en séries longitudinales

punctipennis Mulsant (p.
Elytres sans ces taches . : k . galloisi Matsushita (p.

Sur chaque élytre en plus, deux assez grandes ‘taches brun foncé, une basilaire &

cété de l’écusson et une latérale prémédiane . . fuscosignatus Breuning (p.

Elytres sans ces taches . . : ‘ ' ' ' ’ ' '

52.

53-

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Elytres marbrés de blanchatre dans la moitié basilaire et dans la région préapicale

bialbomarmoratus Breuning (p.

Elytres non marbrés ainsi

. Chacun des points situés entre la bande “postmédiane et la bande préapicale est
entouré d’un trés petit cercle brun ‘ : 4 . Stierlini Ganglbauer (p.
Ces points non entourés de cercles bruns . : : . lusitanus Linnaeus (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum faiblement recourbée
L’épine latérale du pronotum fortement recourbée

. Troisiéme article des antennes un peu plus long que le scape
transversifrons Fisher (p.

Troisiéme article des antennes a peine aussi long que le scape

madecassus Fairmaire (p.

Elytres ornés d’une bande médiane brune sur les élytres en forme de M
Elytres sans une bande pareille ‘
Elytres avec sept séries longitudinales de petites taches blanchAtres

hallei Lepesme & Breuning (p.
Elytres sans ces taches . , ‘ m-fuscus Breuning (p.

Elytres ornés de trés petites taches ochracées nettes disposées en forme de deux
bandes transversales, une postbasilaire et une postmédiane

saa sais Breuning (p.

Elytres sans ces taches .

Elytres avec une large bande transversale postmédiane floue rouge foncé
Elytres sans cette bande

Partie basilaire des articles antennaires 3 y +e) a pubescence blanchatre

beesoni Fisher (p.
Partie basilaire de ces articles sans pubescence blanchatre . echimys Pascoe (p.

Elytres ornés d’une large bande transversale postmédiane noiratre et de deux autres
bandes pareilles, une basilaire et une apicale . trinigrovittatus Breuning (p.

Elytres sans ces bandes . >

L’épine latérale du pronotum assez longue

L’épine latérale du pronotum comparativement courte ‘

Sur chaque élytre une bande transversale blanche médiane ou postmédiane .

Elytres sans cette bande

Sur chaque élytre en plus, une bande préapicale blanchatre

Elytres sans bande préapicale blanchatre : ; josephi Duvivier (p.
Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que ies joues ziczac Breuning (p.
Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues . pici Breuning (p.

Chaque élytre avec une bande transversale jaune pale au tiers apical

piveneeg Fisher (p.

Elytres sans cette bande

Chaque élytre avec une étroite bande suturale jaune pale tout. au moins partiel-
lement développée ,

Elytres sans une bande semblable

Elytres ornés seulement de petites taches jaunes disposées en séries longitudinales

Elytres ornés, chacun, de cinq bandes si a er go a inter-
rompues au milieu de l’élytre

Les petites taches jaunes s’arrétent a peu pres au milieu en y formant 1 une sorte de
bande transversale ondulée ; au tiers apical trois courtes bandes longitudinales

jaunatres . ; d . kashmirensis Breuning (p.
Ces taches ne s’arrétent pas de cette facon : : : . suturalis Pic (p
L’épine latérale du pronotum fortement recourbée_ . sublineatus Breuning (p.
L’épine latérale du pronotum faiblement recourbée . : . lineatus Bates (p

Elytres couverts d’une fine pubescence grisAtre presque unicolore

grisescens Jordan (p.

216

erp ion

DIDI AIM

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Elytres couverts de pubescence brun rougeatre foncé et marbrés de jaune paille

erinaceus Pascoe (p.

Chaque élytre avec une bande transversale postmédiane zigzaguée blanche

Sfreyi Breuning (p.
Elytres sans une bande pareille . : , ‘ é downingi Fisher (p.

2. Sousgenre CAMPTOMYME Pascoe

Elytres d’un bleu foncé métallique .

Elytres jamais bleu métallique

Téte et pronotum noirs

Téte et pronotum rouges : *
L’épine latérale du pronotum précédée d'une ‘Dosse latérale obtuse ; “élytres trés

finement ponctués.. ‘ . coeruleus Breuning (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum non ‘précédée a’ une bosse latérale ; élytres assez

grossiérement ponctués ; ; . cyaneus Breuning (p.

Sur chaque élytre une large bande longitudinales sublatérale rouge

philippinensis transeuns Breuning (p.

Elytres sans cette bande , : : . : . philippinensis Breuning (p.
D’un rouge unicolore : . ‘ : : ‘ ; ,
Jamais rouge unicolore . ‘
L’épine latérale du pronotum précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse ‘rufus Breuning (p.
L’épine latérale du pronotum non précédée d’une bosse . subrufus Breuning (p.
- Pronotum rouge unicolore ; élytres sans dessins ‘ ‘ ;
Pronotum d’une autre couleur ; ; : ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
Téte brun foncé F ; ‘ ; ; ‘ binaluensis Breuning (p.

philippinensis unicolor Fisher (p.

iolets métalliques . ‘ ; . é . callioides Pascoe (p.

Ely tres non métalliques .

Elytres noirs. ‘ : . bicolor Pascoe (p.

Elytres brun foncé avec denx bandes transversales peu apparentes

Presque unicolore noir
Jamais presque unicolore

Lobes inférieurs des yeux aussi longs que les joues ‘ ‘ . tristis Pascoe (p.

Lobes inférieurs des yeux plus longs que les joues
Les points des élytres ne sont pas alignés sur le quart sutural
Les points des élytres alignées aussi sur le quart sutural

Partie basilaire des fémurs rouge. ; ‘ : ‘ femoralis Hintz (p.
Partie basilaire des fémurs noire. : niger Breuning (p.

Lobes inférieurs des yeux beaucoup moins 3 de deux fois plus longs que les joues
Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues ‘ ;
L’épine latérale du pronotum précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse

armatus Hintz (p
L’épine latérale du pronotum non précédée d’une bosse . subnitens Breuning (p
L’épine latérale du pronotum fortement recourbée_ . subarmatus Breuning (p.
L’épine latérale du pronotum faiblement recourbée maiae Lepesme & Breuning (p
Téte et pronotum noirs, élytres brun jaunatres : , subglaber Fisher (p.

Corps autrement colorié
Elytres brun foncé, la région humérale et la région apicale rouges

humeralis Aurivillius (p.

Autrement colorié . : ; - ‘ ‘ ; : : 4 : é

explanatidens Pic (p.

21.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Elytres couverts de pubescence gris blanchatre exception faite de deux bandes
transversales glabres (brun foncé), une prémédiane et une postmédiane

subbidentatus Gressitt (p.

Elytres autrement pubescents

Rouge. Elytres ornés de taches brun foncé vagues . vagemaculatus Breuning (p.

Autrement colorié . :
Elytres couverts de pubescence gris ‘planchatre et ornés de taches brunes floues

ciliatissimus Gressitt (p.

Autrement colorié . :

Elytres ornés de taches quadrangulaires j jaune pale, rangées. sous forme de deux tras
larges bandes transversales, une prémédiane et une Eee

Elytres autrements pubescents

Les points des élytres sont assez irréguligrement disposés sur le tiers Seed

submisellus Breuning (p.

Les points des élytres sont sérialement disposés aussi sur le tiers sutural

Les taches de la deuxiéme bande restent distantes de l’apex misellus Lameere (p.

Les taches de la deuxiéme bande s’étendent jusqu’a l’apex de |’élytre

miselloides Breuning (p.
. Chaque élytre avec trois bandes transversales jaunes .

Elytres sans ces bandes .
Sur chaque élytre une bande postbasilaire, une pastmediane et une préapicale

hupehensis Gressitt (p.

Sur chaque élytre une bande postbasilaire, une prémédiane et une postmédiane

Sur chaque élytre deux bandes transversales ondulées jaunes
Elytres sans ces bandes .

Sur chaque élytre une bande prémédiane et une , préapicale gedeensis Breuning (©.
Sur chaque élytre une bande postbasilaire et une médiane javaensis Breuning (p.

Elytres ornés de bandes transversales blanchatres ou gris clair ou du moins de petites
taches blanchatres ou gris clair disposées sous forme de bandes transversales

Elytres sans bandes et sans taches semblables .

Elytres rouges, revétus de pubescence jaune paille et ornés @ une seule bande trans-

versale ondulée blanche postmédiane . : : univittatus Breuning (p.

Elytres autrement dessinés ‘

Elytres ornés de nombreuses petites taches ovalaires blanches 1 ne formant pas de
bandes nettes ;

Elytres autrement dessinés

Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que ies 4 joues moerens Pascoe (p.

— Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues

submoerens Breuning (p.

Elytres sans taches ou bandes blanches dans la moitié apicale

Elytres avec des taches ou des bandes blanches dans la moitié apicale

Antennes rouges :

Antennes brun foncé sauf parfois les premiers articles

Les deux bandes transversales blanches de l’élytre, la postbasilaire et la médiane,

reliées prés de la suture fernandopoanus Baguena & Breuning : (p.
Ces deux bandes non reliées prés de lasuture . . ‘ ruficornis Hintz (p.
Les trois premiers articles antennaires rouge clair. ‘ . nitens Jordan (p.

Les trois premiers articles antennaires brun foncé
Partie basilaire des articles antennaires a partir du troisiéme a pubescence blanchAtre

pseudonitens Breuning (p.

Partie basilaire des ces articles sans pubescence blanchatre

Bord latéral du pronotum largement aplati et rebordé . explanatidens Pic (p.

Bord latéral du pronotum non largement aplati et rebordé

trifasciellus Gressitt (p.

217

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Hanches et partie basilaire des fémur, noirs chevangeoni Lepesme & Breuning (p.

Hanches et partie basilaire des fémurs, rouges .
L’épine latérale du pronotum précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse

nigrescens Breuning (p.
L’épine latérale du pronotum non précédée d’une bosse schoutedeni Breuning (p.

Les taches blanches forment dans la moitié postérieure de l’élytre un grand demi-

cercle dont le point le plus convexe touche la suture multiguttulatus Pic (p.

Elytres autrement dessinés
Une série de taches nettes jaune blanchatre longe la suture dans le tiers apical de

Vélytre . : : - : 5 : . © Sumatranus Breuning (p.

Elytres sans ces taches . :
Les taches élytrales forment une seule bande teansversale ondulée médiane ‘
Les taches élytrales forment plusieures bandes transversales

Les poils dressés des élytres sont noirs . ; ‘ _nonymoides Jordan (p.
Les poils dressés des élytres sont dorés_ . ‘ . aureopilosus Breuning (p.

Les taches élytrales forment deux ou trois bandes transversales .

Les taches élytrales forment tout au moins quatre bandes transversales, dont deux
sont situées dans la moitié apicale

Couleur fondamentale de I’élytre brun rougeAtre dans la moitié basilaire et noire

dans la moitié apicale , ‘ ‘ ; . basirufus Gressitt .

Elytres autrement coloriés
Sur chaque élytre une bande postbasilaire, une médiane et une préapicale

Sur chaque élytre une bande basilaire ou postbasilaire, une prémédiane et une
postmédiane

Elytres trés grossiérement ponctués

Elytres assez finement ponctués

Sur chaque élytre aprés la bande préapicale une s tache apicale j jaune

multivittatus Breuning (p.

Elytres sans tache apicale jaune
Chaque élytre avec une étroite bande suturale blanche sur le quart basilaire

birmanus Breuning (p.

Elytres sans une bande pareille

Ecusson couvert de pubescence blanche . , . alboscutellaris Breuning (p.
Ecusson sans pubescence blanche . ; ; carissae Fisher (p.

La bande prémédiane remonte obliquement en direction de l’épaule ‘
La bande prémédiane ne remonte pas obliquement en direction de l’épaule .

La deuxié mebande de l’élytre est une bande postmédiane rhodesianus Breuning (p.
La deuxiéme bande de l’élytre est une bande préapicale . conradti Breuning (p.

Pronotum rouge ; élytres brun foncé, les bandes peu apparentes
Autrement colorié .

Téte rouge . ; : ‘ : : ‘ : . explanatidens Pic (p.

Téte noire

L’épine latérale aa pronotum fortement secourbée : . vaneyeni Breuning (p.
L’épine latérale du pronotum faiblement recourbée . vagesticticus Breuning (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum faiblement recourbée
L’épine latérale du pronotum fortement recourbée
La bande postmédiane de l’élytre est fortement ondulée

subinclusus Hunt & Breuning (p.

La bande postmédiane de l’élytre est droite

subinclusus latefasciatus Hunt & Breuning (p.

La bande postmédiane de l’élytre est peu large et ondulée .
La bande postmédiane de l’élytres est large et droite

Corps en majeure partie brun foncé ‘ . substrigosus Hunt & Breuning (p.
Corps entiérement rouge clair . ; , ’ ‘ . minimus Breuning (p.

grossepunctatus Breuning (p.

REVISION DUGENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Chaque élytre avec trois bandes transversales . ; , strigosus Jordan (p.

Chaque élytre avec seulement deux bandes transversales

latefasciatipennis Breuning (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum fortement recourbée et précédée d’une bosse latérale

obtuse : ; . sjostedti Breuning (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum faiblement recourbée et non précédée d’une bosse

latérale . : ‘ . decorsei Breuning (p.

Elytres ornés de bandes longitudinales grises interrompues par places

insularis Fisher (p.

Elytres autrement dessinés -

Elytres ornés de nombreuses étroites bandes longitudinales blanches on i jaune pale
Elytres sans bandes pareilles .

Les bandes blanches confluent plus ou moins latéralement « sur la ‘moitié latérale de

Vélytre . : : , ‘ ‘ . kalshoveni Fisher (p.

Les bandes non confluent pas. ,
Sur chaque élytre neuf ou dix bandes longitudinales :
Sur chaque élytre sept bandes longitudinales

Pronotum rouge . ‘ : : . : : binaluensis Breuning (p.
Pronotum non rouge. ; . albostriatus Hintz (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum précédée du une bosse latérale obtuse

leucostriatus Breuning (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum non précédée d’une bosse latérale .
Troisiéme article des antennes sensiblement moins long que le scape

vittatus Fisher (p.

Le troisiéme article des antennes tout au plus un peu moins long que le scape

Tiers apical des tibias brun foncé . ; , : . lineolatus Miiller (p.
Tiers apical des tibias non brun foncé : : . leucolineatus Breuning (p.
Tier sutural de l’élytre couvert d’une pubescence d’un brun assez foncé: les deux

tiers latéraux revétus de pubescence soyeuse brun clair .
Elytres autrement pubescents
L’épine latérale du ati précédée de deux petites proéminences atiguieuses

latérales. . : : . costatus Breuning (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum t non précédée de proéminences

fuscovittatus Breuning (p.

Sur chaque élytre une bande transversale prémédiane jaunatre qui remonte

obliquement en direction de l’épaule_. : . flavofasciatus Breuning (p.

Elytres sans une bande semblable
Sur chaque élytre une bande transversale préapicale ochracée
Elytres sans cette bande

Pronotum entiérement couvert de pubescence rousseAtre . basilanus Breuning (p.
Pronotum sans une pubescence pareille . : : acutispina Fairmaire (p.

Elytres ornés de taches gris clair ou blanches, nae en séries longitudinales
Elytres sans taches semblables
Elytres ornés en plus de quelques taches ochracées vives

aureomaculatus Aurivillius (p.

Elytres sans taches ochracées .

Les taches élytrales blanches sont &troites : ; , drescheri Fisher (p.
Les taches élytrales blanches sont oblongues_. ; . angusticollis Fisher (p.
Sur chaque élytre sept séries longitudinales de petites taches quadrangulaires

blanchatres faisant défaut sur l’emplacement d’une large bande’ postmédiane

ondulée transversale brun rougeatre_. : : . sumatrensis Fisher (p.

Elytres autrement dessinés :
Elytres ornés de petites taches jaune pale, rangées en | séries longitudinales
Elytres sans taches pareilles

220

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Sur chaque élytre, en plus une bande transversale postmédiane ondulée brun foncé
et une tache brun foncé a cété de l’écusson

Elytres sans ces dessins .
Scape rouge clair .

Scape rouge foncé ou brun noir ‘ ‘ . : . Chatterjeei Fisher (p.
. Articles antennaires 74 1I rouges_ . : F > : seriatus Jordan (p.
Articles antennaires 7 4 11 brun foncé ; = . ‘ ‘ . .
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long . ‘ ‘ . . hirtus Fisher (p.
Pronotum moins large . . ; subseriatus Breuning (p.

Elytres ornés de trés nombreuses taches quadrangulaires blanches qui couvrent
pratiquement toute leur surface exception faite de taches minimes dénudées

Elytres autrement dessinés ,

Elytres ornés de nombreuses enna taches blanches .
Elytres sans ces taches .

Des taches pareilles se trouvent aussi sur le tiers apical

albosignatus Lepesme & Breuning (p.

Pas de taches blanches sur le tiers apical de l’élytre .

Les deux premiers articles antennaires sont rouge clair . @lluaudi Breuning (p.
Les deux premiers articles antennaires sont brun foncé albostictipennis Breuning (p.

Elytres revétus de pubescence jaune blanchatre et gris blanchatre et ornés d’une
bande transversale postmédiane brune .

Elytres sans une bande semblable

Elytres grossiérement ponctués

Elytres assez finement ponctués

Tibias unicolores rouges : ‘ rufotibialis Breuning (p.
Tibias brun foncé dans la moitié apicale et rouge clair dans la moitié basilaire

Epaules rouge clair : ‘ ; ‘ ‘ P . echinulus Gahan (p.
Epaules non rouges : : exiguus Gahan (p.

Sur chaque élytre une large bande longitudinale latérale brun foncé parcourant les
deux tiers antérieurs

Elytres sans cette bande

Moitié basilaire des articles antennaires a partir du troisiéme a pubescence blanche

orientalis Breuning (p.

Seule l’extréme base des articles antennaires 4 partir du troisiéme 4 pubescence

blanche. ‘ ; ; : guineensis Breuning (p.
Premiers articles antennaires rouge clair ° : . rufobasicornis Breuning (p.
Premiers articles antennaires non rouge clair & - ;

La bande postmédiane brune de l’élytre n’est pas ondulée .
La bande postmédiane brune de l’élytre est ondulée .

Pronotum avec deux taches dorées . , : . latevittipennis Breuning (p.
Pronotum sans taches dorées . ‘ ‘ . jeanneli Breuning (p.

Bord latéral de l’élytre garni de poils dressés piles
Bord latéral de |’élytre garni de poils dressés noirs

Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues_ _raffrayi Breuning (p.

Lobes inférieurs des yeux 4 peine deux fois plus longs que les joues

gardnerianus Breuning (p.

La bande postmédiane foncée de l’élytre eile par de petites taches circu-

laires jaunatres . : . fasciolatus Bates (p.

La bande postmédiane foncée de Vélytre non interrompue par des taches

subfasciatus Jordan (p.

Elytres couverts d’une pubescence jaune pale ou brun jaunatre sauf une trés grande
tache latérale médiane ou postmédiane brune : . :

fuscosignatipennis Hunt & Breuning (p.

variegatus Duvivier (p.

tele

Ainisil

bolni

Une seule espéce

Une seule espéce . ; ; : , : F . woodlarkianus Breuning (p.

IhIwlnioos

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Elytres revétus de pubescence brun clair et ornés de taches plus foncées

sudanicus Aurivillius (p.
L’épine latérale du pronotum faiblement recourbée . pseudomurinus Breuning (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum fortement recourbée
Téte noire
Téte rouge

Pronotum noir ; ‘ : é ; p : ‘ nigricollis Hintz (p.
Pronotum brun rouge . . constricticollis Gressitt (p.

Les points des élytres régulitrement alignés dans le quart sutural

ficicola Fisher (p.
Les points des élytres non alignés dans le quart sutural . murinus Breuning (p.

3. Sousgenre CENTENEXOCENTRUS nov.

Sur chaque élytre une grande tache Boer dénudée .
Elytres sans cette tache

Tiers apical des tibias 4 pubescence brun foncé : . centenes Pascoe (p.
Tiers apical des tibias sans cette pubescence . : centenoides Breuning (p.

Elytres ornés de dessins blanchatres sauf sur l’emplacement d’une tache ou bande
transversale postmédiane brune
Elytres autrement dessinés

Pronotum avec deux grandes taches discales jaunes . hispidulus Pascoe (p.

Pronotum sans ces taches

L’épine latérale du pronotum fortement recourbée

L’épine latérale du pronotum seulement assez faiblement recourbée
L’épine latérale du pronotum dirigée directement vers l’arriére

mindanaoensis Fisher (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére .

Pronotum deux fois plus large que long . : seriatopunctatus ‘Aurivillius (p.
Pronotum faiblement transverse . : : artocarpi Fisher (p.
Troisiéme article des antennes aussi long que le scape. hispiduloides Breuning (p.

Troisiéme article des antennes sensiblement moins long que le scape

neopomerianus Breuning (p.
Les deux premiers articles antennaires brun noir . bicoloripennis Breuning (p.
Les deux premiers articles antennaires rouge clair rufobasiantennalis Breuning (p.

4. Sousgenre BARBIEREXOCENTRUS nov.

5. Sousgenre WOODLARKEXOCENTRUS nov.

6. Sousgenre PSEUDOCENTRUS Fairmaire

Elytres d’un bleu métallique, rouge clair sur une tache humérale et sur une tache

apicale. ‘ P ‘ ‘ F . rufohumeralis Breuning (p.

Elytres autrement coloriés :

Elytres unicolores ou tout au moins sans dessins

Elytres présentant toujours des dessins ; :
Elytres rouges, mais a peu prés la moitié suturale brun foncé ou noire.
Elytres autrement coloriés

Toute la moitié suturale de l’élytre noire ‘ ‘ ' parterufipennis Breuning (p.

Seuls les deux tiers antérieurs de la moitié suturale de l’élytre brun foncé

Elytres noirs ou brun foncé, tout au moins en majeure partie

r ; : : : ; ‘ . barbieri Pic (p.

Sisheri Gressitt (p.

221

222

bOoroIlrynial

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Elytres rouges ou tout au moins plus clairs
Partie basilaire de l’élytre rouge
Partie basilaire de l’élytre également brun foncé ou noir

Seul le huitiéme basilaire de l’élytre rouge testaceus rufobasipennis Breuning (p.
Tout le cinquiéme basilaire de l’élytre rouge testaceus rufoampliatus Breuning (p.
D’un brun rougeatre foncé unicolore ‘ ; ‘ ‘ blotei Breuning (p.

D’une autre couleur
Téte noire
Téte tout au moins ; partiellement rouge

Pronotum rouge a fine pubescence dorée . ; ; ‘ indicola Fisher (p.

Pronotum rouge foncé sans pubescence dorée . ‘ . rufithorax Gressitt (p.
Antennes unicolores brun noir é : . mindoroensis Breuning (p.
Articles antennaires annelés sur la partie basilaire de pubescence gris blanchatre .

Front et joues d’un brun noir . : ‘ ‘ testaceus diversiceps Pic (p.
Front et joues rouges_. ‘ : . testaceus subbicolor Breuning (p.

Pronotum brun foncé ou brun. noir .
Pronotum rouge ‘ .
Elytres rouges, brun foncé prés de la suture sauf en arritre

testaceus lateraloides Breuning (p.

Elytres unicolores ou presque . F
Elytres d’un brun assez foncé, vaguement marbrés de blanc

crassepunctus Lepesme & Breuning (p.

Elytres brun rougeatre clair ou bruns ou brun jaunatre

Elytres grossi¢rement ponctués : , , mirei Lepesme & Breuning (p.

Elytres finement ponctués

Elytres bruns : . : ; ; : ‘ ' saitoi Matsushita (p.

Elytres jaunes

Troisiéme article des antennes | un peu plus long que le scape sikaweiensis Savio {p.
Troisiéme article des antennes moins long que le scape immaculatus Gressitt (p.

Pattes et antennes rouges
Pattes et antennes noires

Lobes inférieurs des yeux fois plus longs que les joues . terminaliae Fisher (p.
Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues . . ruficolor Pic (p.
Les points des élytres sont disposés sans ordre . : . Zranulicollis Fisher (p.

Les points des élytres sont sérialement disposés sauf sur le quart sutural

testaceus Fisher (p.

Elytres noirs avec des dessins blancs nets.
Elytres autrement dessinés

Fémurs jaune rougeatre : ‘ . : ‘ . flemingiae Fisher (p.
Fémurs brun noir . : . fouqueti Pic (p.

Elytres marbrés de jaune blanchAtre exception faite de quelques assez grandes

taches postmédianes brun rougeatre . > : . pilosicornis Fisher (p.

Elytres autrement dessinés .

Elytres rouge foncé avec des taches blanchAtres floues sur rle disque de la moitié
antérieure et du tiers apical

Elytres autrement dessinés

Tibias unicolores .

Moitié basilaire des tibias d’un | rouge clair

Pronotum couvert de pubescence grise

Pronotum sans pubescence grise_ . , ‘actinophorae Fisher (p.

Les taches élytrales sont assez grandes et disposées en séries longitudinales.
Les taches élytrales sont petites ou non disposées en séries longitudinales
L’épine latérale du pronotum précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse

celebicus Breuning (p.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

L’épine latérale du pronotum non précédée d’une bosse latérale
mindoroanus Breuning (p.
Les taches élytrales agglomérées pour former une bande transversale médiane

tectonae Fisher (p.

Les taches élytrales non agglomérées pour former une bande transversale

subreticulatus Breuning (p.

Troisiéme article des antennes beaucoup moins long que le scape

pubescens Fisher (p.
Troisiéme article des antennes 4 peine moins long que le scape gardneri Fisher (p.

Chaque élytre avec une grande tache postmédiane brune ou brun foncé
Elytres sans cette tache
Sur chaque élytre aussi des taches brun foneé disposées en . forme de bande ‘trans-

versale assez large ‘ : $ ‘ , ‘ ; poe eee Pic (p.

Elytres sans ces taches .

Sur chaque élytre en plus deux taches ou bandes brun rouge ou noir, une basilaire
et une apicale ‘

Elytres sans ces taches ou ces bandes

Ces taches ou bandes brun rougeatre : : F . Collarti Breuning (p.
Ces taches ou bandes noires . 7 : dalbergianus Gressitt (p.
L’épine latérale du pronotum dirigée nettement vers l’arriére

reticulatus Fairmaire (p.
L’épine latérale du pronotum dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére

sumbawanus Breuning (p.

Chaque élytre vaguement marbré de brun et de gris clair, avec une grande tache

postmédiane suturale brune. : : ‘ : ask alee Breuning (p.

Elytres autrement dessinés

Elytres nettement marbrés d’ochracé sur fond @’ un brun assez foncé alniF isher p

Elytres autrement dessinés ;
Elytres revétus de pubescence jaune grisAtre et ornés de taches longitudinales et

transversales brunes . 5 , ; ; , ; . tonkineus Pic (p.

Elytres autrement dessinés

Sur chaque élytre une étroite bande longitudinale brun foncé au | bord latéral de la
moitié antérieure

Elytres sans une bande semblable

Cette bande rejoint en arriére une étroite bande transversale postmédiane ondulée

brun foncé. : : ; sublateralis Breuning (p.
Elytres sans bande postmédiane transversale brun foncé. . lateralis Gahan (p.

Elytres parsemés dans la moitié suturale des deux tiers antérieurs de taches blanch-
Atres et sur le restant de leur surface de taches jaune ocre

Elytres autrement dessinés
Sur chaque élytre cing ou six séries longitudinales de petites taches blanchAtres
Elytres sans taches semblables

Ces taches font défaut sur Vemplacement d’une bande transversale postmédiane.
Ces taches ne font pas défaut sur une bande semblable

. Antennes rouges, unicolores . . ‘ . championi Fisher (p.

L’extréme base des articles iveanaucs a partis du quatriéme a pubescence

blanchatre : , ‘ . greviae Fisher (p.
Lobes inférieurs des yeux ae sion Eine ince que les joues gibgs tani Gahan (p.

Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues
Rebord latéral du pronotum avant l’épine latérale largement ourlé

marginicollis Fisher (p.
Le rebord latéral du pronotum non largement ourlé andamanensis Breuning (p.

ghesquierei Breuning (p.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Chaque élytre orné de petites taches ochracées disposées en forme de deux bandes

transversales, une postbasilaire et une postmédiane . tippmanni ae ®.

Elytres sans taches pareilles

Sur chaque élytre des bandes transversales blanchAtres souvent floues.

Elytres sans ces bandes .

Sur chaque élytre quatre bandes transversales, 3 une basilaire, une » prémédiane, une

postmédiane et une apicale s . monticola Fisher (p.

Sur chaque élytre trois bandes transversales, une e postbasilaire ou prémédiane, une
médiane ou postmédiane et une préapicale

Elytres assez grossiérement ponctués : : * ; dalbergiae Fisher (p.

Elytres finement ponctués ,
Partie basilaire des articles antennaires a partir du quatriame a pubescence blanche
Partie basilaire de ces articles sans pubescence blanche

Ecusson & pubescence blanchatre . , . ‘ ’ trifasciatus Fisher ©.
Ecusson a pubescence brune . : ; . theresae Pic (p.

La bande transversale postbasilaire et la bande ‘prémédiane sont largement réunies

binhensis oe .

Ces bandes non réunies .
Les points sur les élytres sérialement dispoaés sant sur rle quart sutaral

cudraniae Fisher (p.

Les points sur les élytres non sérialement disposés

Les bandes élytrales sont assez nettes : ‘ ‘ ‘ . santali Fisher (p.

Les bandes élytrales sont floues ' : : ‘ . ; ‘ :
L’épine latérale du pronotum mince; troisiéme article des antennes un peu plus

long que le scape ; , . malloti Fisher (p.

L’épine latérale du atin trés large ‘troisiame article des antennes aussi long

que le scape : : . kuluensis Breuning (p.

Elytres brun foncé chacun avec une bande transversale postmédiane ondulée

blanchatre , ; ; ‘ ‘ : ; seticollis Fisher &.

Elytres autrement dessinés s
Elytres avec de nombreuses petites taches jaunes ou gris jaunAtre disposées en
séries longitudinales et souvent agglomérées en une étroite bande transversale

ondulée médiane : : ; ‘ ; ‘ ; eee Bates (p.

Elytres autrement dessinés ;
Sur chaque élytre une large bande transversale ‘Ochracée au 1 ters. apical
Elytres sans une bande pareille

Troisiéme article des antennes un peu plus long que le scape fumosus Gahan (p.

Troisiéme article des antennes un peu moins long que le scape

saleyerianus Breuning (p.

Sur chaque élytre une assez large bande transversale brune ou brun foncé, située
juste aprés le milieu i

Elytres sane une bande pareille, ornés d’ étroites bandes longitudinales blanches .

Bord latéral de l’élytre garni de poils dressés blancs .

Bord latéral de l’élytre garni de poils dressés noirs

Elytres peu finement ponctués : : ‘ ‘ subexiguus Breuning (p.

Elytres trés finement ponctués

Les points des élytres sont subalignés sur la moitié latérale ivorensis Breuning (p.

Les points des élytres non subalignés sur la moitié latérale

subfasciatipennis Breuning (p.
L’épine latérale du pronotum faiblement recourbée . pseudexiguus Breuning (p.

L’épine latérale du pronotum fortement recourbée

Les points des élytres sont disposés sans ordre : senegalensis Breuning (p.

Les points des élytres sont subalignés

La bande transversale brune est large et transverse . : inclusus Pascoe (p.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 225

La bande transversale brune est étroite et descend dans la moitié suturale oblique-

ment en direction dela suture . ‘ 69
Pronotum parsemé de taches minimes dénudées densefuscosticticus Breuning (p. 312)
Pronotum sans taches semblables_ . : ; obliquevittatus Breuning (p. 314.)

Pronotum orné de deux larges bandes longitudinales discales ochracées
ochreovitticollis ee (p. 314)

Pronotum sans ces bandes_ ' : 71
. L’épine latérale du pronotum précédée a’ une bosse latérale obtuse ; sur chaque
élytre douze bandes linéiformes blanches : 72
L’épine latérale non précédée d’une bosse latérale, “Tes élytres ornés de bandes
blanches moins nombreuses. : : { : ; 73
Elytres finement ponctués ‘ : ‘ ; ; multilineatus Breuning (p. 311)
Elytres grossiérement ponctués ‘ ‘ : . alternans Breuning (p. 308)

Chaque élytre avec dix trés étroites bandes longitudinales blanches
albolineatus Breuning (p. 310)

Elytres avec moins de bandes blanches_ . ‘ : ; . . , 74
Chaque élytre avec six bandes longitudinales blanches vittulatus Aurivillius (p. 311)
Chaque élytre avec huit ou neuf bandes blanches_’ -:. , é : : , 75

L’épine latérale du pronotum dirigée droit vers l’arriére
albovittipennis Breuning (p. 309)
L’épine latérale du pronotum dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére
albovittatus Breuning (p. 309)

7. Sousgenre OLIGOPSIS Thomson

Elytres d’un vert métallique unicolore. ; : pads al ad Breuning (p. 317)

Elytres jamais vert métallique : 2

Chaque élytre avec huit bandes longitudinales blanches sur r la moitié antérieure
sexseriatus Aurivilius (p. 316

Elytres sans ces bandes . , 3
Sur chaque élytre, dans la moitié antérieure, ‘deux ‘séries longitudinales de trds
petites taches jaune blanchatre . : : ' timorensis Breuning (p. 321)
Elytres autrement dessinés_. . 4
Sur chaque élytre de petites taches blanches, disposées en sept séries longitu-
dinales ; : : ‘ : . seriatomaculatus Schwarzer (p. 322)

Elytres autrement dessinés :
Elytres ornés de nombreuses taches jaune pale disposées sérialement et agglomérées

en une bande transversale postmédiane ondulée . ; : ; : ; 6
Elytres autrement dessinés ‘ ; : : : ; - , 8
Pubescence fonciére des élytres brun foncé ‘ : . roonwali Breuning (p. 321)
Pubescence fonciére des élytres brun rougeatre : : : ‘ : 7

Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les j joues
exocentroides Thomson (p. 320)

Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues albizziae Fisher (p. 320)
Sur chaque élytre une bande transversale noire située un peu apres le milieu ; 9
Elytres sans une bande pareille : ° : II

En plus sur chaque élytre une grande tache basilaire discale brun foncé
meridionalis Breuning (p. 316)

Elytres parsemés de trés petites taches brun foncé, mais sans cette tache basilaire

brun foncé. . é ‘ . . : m : : : 10
L’épine latérale du pronotum pointue : ‘ : . longipilis Fairmaire (p. 319)
L’épine latérale du pronotum trounquée al’apex. : major Breuning (p. 317)

. Sur chaque élytres quatre grandes taches circulaires noiratres

nigroplagiatus Breuning (p. 318)
Elytres sans ces taches . : , A ; ; ‘ 3 5 F : 2

ENTOM, 7. 5. 12

226 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

12. Sur chaque élytre une assez grande tache postmédiane latérale brune
betschuanus Breuning (p. 316)

— Elytres sans cette tache : : ‘ ‘ . 3 ? , : : 13
13. Elytres grossiérement ponctués ‘ ; ; : . patrizii Breuning (p. 318)
— Elytres finement ponctués : ‘ ‘ : . ; 14

14. Elytres couverts de pubescence unicolore jaune ‘grisitre
unicoloripennis Breuning (p. 318)
— Elytres couverts de pubescence brun foncé et ornés, chacun, de deux bandes trans-
versales floues gris blanchatre, une postbasilaire et une médiane
annamensis Breuning (p. 321)

8. Sousgenre FORMOSEXOCENTRUS Breuning
Une seule espéce . ; ‘ ; ’ 5 : . variepennis Schwarzer (p. 322)

g. Sousgenre TUBERCULEXOCENTRUS Breuning
Une seule espéce . . F i ‘ ; ‘ ‘ basituberculatus Pic (p. 323)

10. Sousgenre DENTEXOCENTRUS Breuning
Une seule espéce . ; ‘ ; : ; : . . dentipes Breuning (p. 323)

1. EXOCENTRUS MuLtsANT SOUSGENRE EXOCENTRUS SENSU STRICTO

Exocentrus Mulsant, 1839, Col. Fr., Long. : 152.
Exocentrus Sousgenre s. sty., Lepesme & Breuning, 1955, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 60 : 127.

Troisiéme article des antennes aussi long que le quatri¢éme. Elytres arrondis a
l’apex, ponctués sans ordre.
Type: Jusitanus Linné.

1. Exocentrus lusitanus Linné

Cerambyx lusitanus Linné, 1767, Syst. Nat., ed. 12 : 1767.

Cerambyx subpilosus Piller & Mitterpiller, 1783, Iter : 67, pl. 8, fig. 5.

Cerambyx lusitanicus Olivier, 1790, Encycl. méthod., Ent. 5: 269; 1795, Ent. 4, No. 67: 120,
No. 70, pl. 5, fig. 54.

Cerambyx pubicornis Schrank, 1790, Naturf. 24 : 76.

Cerambyx quercus Rossi, 1790, Fina. Etrusca, 1 : 143.

Cerambyx crinitus Panzer, 1795, Ent. Germ. : 249.

Lamia balteata Gyllenhal, 1817, Schénherr, Syn, Ins., Append. 2 : 163.

Exocentrus balteus Schiddte, 1864, Naturl. Tidskr. (2) 3 : 561.

Exocentrus lusitanus Linné, Ganglbauer, 1883, Wien. ent. Zig. 2: 299, pl. 4, fig. 2; 1884, Best.
Tab. 8 : 530.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article 4 peine aussi long
aue le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux sensiblement plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une mince épine latérale pointue
fortement recourbée. Elytres trés densément et trés finement ponctués sur les trois
quarts antérieurs.

Rouge, couvert d’une trés fine pubescence jaunatre. Sur chaque élytre une large
bande transversale postmédiane brune qui n’atteint pas tout a fait la suture.

Long. : 4-5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/2-2 mm.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 227

Décrit sur des individus de Lusitanie—Répandu par |’Europe sauf |’ Angleterre.
E. subpilosus Pill. & Mitterp., lusitanicus Ol., pubicornis Schr., quercus Rossi,
crinifer Panz, balteata Gyll. et balteus Schiddte sont des synonymes.

2. Exocentrus adspersus Mulsant

Exocentrus adspersus Mulsant, 1846, Col. Fr., Long., Suppl. : (9).
Exocentrus adspersus Mulsant, Fairmaire, 1864, Gen. Col. d’Eur. 4, pl. 47, fig. 217.
Exocentrus adspersus Mulsant, Ganglbauer, 1884, Best. Tab. 8 : 529.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article 4 peine aussi long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux sensiblement plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue
faiblement recourbée. Elytres trés densément et trés finement ponctués sur les trois
quarts antérieurs.

Rouge, couvert d’une trés fine pubescence jaunatre. Elytres parsemés de petites
taches blanchatres, disposées en séries longitudinales, plus nombreuses surtout au
quart apical; ces taches font défaut sur l’emplacement d’une assez large bande
transversale postmédiane ondulée mais sont condensées souvent juste avant cette
bande en forme d’une étroite bande transversale ondulée. Dessous du corps plutét
brun a fine pubescence blanchatre. Partie basilaire des articles antennaires 3 et 4 a
pubescence blanchatre.

Long: 6-8 mm.; Larg.: 2-2 mm. 1/2

Décrit sur des individus des environs de Lyon.—Europe centrale et méridionale ;
Caucase, Transcaucasie (Plaviltschikov).

var. clarae Mulsant

Exocentrus clavae Mulsant, 1861, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon (2), 8 : 206.
Exocentrus adspersus var. clarae Pic, 1891, Long. 1:46; 1915, Long. 9: 22.

Comme la forme typique, mais les petites taches blanchatres des élytres inter-
rompent en partie aussi la bande transversale postmédiane brune.

var. revelieri Mulsant & Rey

Exocentrus revelieri Mulsant & Ray, 1875, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon (2) 21: 413.
Exocentrus adspersus var. revelieri, Pic, 1891, Long. 1: 47.

Comme la forme typique, mais avec la coloration fondamentale des élytres d’un
brun foncé.

3. Exocentrus stierlini Ganglbauer
Exocentrus stierlini Ganglbauer, 1883, Wien. ent. Zig. 2 : 298, pl. 4, fig. 3 : 1884, Best. Tab. 8 : 530.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article 4 peine aussi long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, densément et extrémement finement obliquement strié,
pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et
trés finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs.

228 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Rouge, couvert d’une trés fine pubescence jaunatre. Sur chaque élytre une large
bande transversale postmédiane brune largement arrondie du cété de la suture
qu’elle n’atteint pas tout a fait, et une bande transversale préapicale brune trés peu
apparente ; chacun des points situées entre ces deux bandes entouré d’un trés petit
cercle brun.

Long.: 4-6mm.; Larg.; I mm. 1/2-2 mm.

Décrit sur des individus d’ Europe méridionale.—Allemagne, Autriche (Ganglbauer) ;
Hongrie (Aurivillius) ; Sibérie (Plaviltschikov).

4. Exocentrus punctipennis Mulsant & Guillebeau
Exocentrus punctipennis Mulsant & Guillebeau, 1856, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon (2) 3 : 103.
Exocentrus punctipennis Mulsant & Guillebeau, Ganglbauer, 1884, Best. Tab. 8 : 530.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article 4 peine aussi long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une large épine latérale pointue fortement
recourbée. Elytres trés densément et trés finement ponctués sur les trois quarts
antérieurs.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence jaune paille. Disque du pronotum, rem-
bruni sauf au bord antérieur et au bord postérieur. Elytres parsemés de trés petites
taches brunes rangées en séries longitudinales. Sur chaque elytre une large bande
transversale ondulée brune qui n’atteint pas tout a fait la suture.

Long.: 4-6 mm.; Larg.; I mm. 1/2-2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur des individus de Lyon.—Répandu par l’Europe centrale et méridionale.

var. signatus Mulsant & Rey

Exocentrus signatus Mulsant & Ray, 1863, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon (2) 10: 163.
Exocentrus punctipennis var. signatus Ganglbauer, 1884, Best. Tab. 8 : 530.
Exocentrus graecus Pic, 1901, Echange, 17: 52.

Comme la forme typique, mais la bande transversale brune de l’élytre moins large
et plus foncée.
Gréce et Turquie.
5. Exocentrus galloisi Matsushita

Exocentrus galloisi Matsushita, 1933, Journ. Fac. Agric. Hokk. 34 : 396, 397, pl. 4, fig. 7.

Proche de punctipennis Mulsant & Guillebeau, mais 1’épine latérale du pronotum
un peu moins fortement recourbée et les élytrés sans petites taches brunes disposées
en séries longitudinales.

Décrit sur un individu du Japon: Chiuzenji au Musée de Hokkaido.—Ile Hondo
(coll. Frey).

6. Exocentrus savioi Pic

Exocentrus curtipennis Pic var. Savioi Pic, 1925, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. : 138.
Exocentrus curtipennis Pic var. Savioi Pic, Savio, 1929, Not. d’Ent. chin. : I.
Exocentrus curtipennis Pic var. Saviot Pic, Gressitt, 1951, Longicornia, 2 : 527.

Proche de punctipennis Mulsant & Guillebeau, mais ]’épine latérale du pronotum

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 229

plus mince et plus longue et la bande transversale postmédiane brune de |’élytre plus
fortement ondulée et devenant beaucoup moins large dans le tiers sutural.

Décrit sur un individu de Chine : Zikawei dans la coll. Pic.—Provinces de Kiangsi
et Kiang-su (Gressitt) ; Chekiang (coll. Frey) ; Ile de Formose (Gressitt).

7. Exocentrus lineatus Bates

Exocentrus lineatus Bates, 1873, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 12 : 384.
Exocentrus lineatus Bates, Matsushita, 1933, Journ. Fac. Agric. Hokk. 34 : 396.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale mince et pointue, dirigée
obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués sur les quatre
cinquiémes antérieurs.

D’un rouge assez foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence brun grise. Elytres revétus
de pubescence brun rougeatre et ornés, chacun, dans la moitié antérieure de cing
étroites bandes longitudinales jaunes ou jaune grisdtre ainsi que de trois courtes
bandes pareilles dans le quart apical. Moitié apicale des tibias et les tarses brun
foncé. Antennes a pubescence brun rougeatre foncé.

Long. : 5-6mm.; Larg.: 2-2mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur des individus du Japon au Muséum de Paris.—Iles Hondo, Shikoku et
Kiushiu (Matsushita).

8. Exocentrus testudineus Matsushita

Exocentrus testudineus Matsushita, 1931, Trans. Sapp. Nat. Hist. Soc. 12:47; 1933, Journ.
Fac. Agric. Hokk. 34 : 396.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum faible-
ment transverse, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale pointue a peine recourbée.
Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués dans les trois quarts antérieurs, éparsé-
ment et trés finement dans le quart apical.

Brun foncé couvert d’une trés fine pubescence grise. Le bord antérieur et le bord
postérieur du pronotum, les élytres et les antennes rouges et revétus de pubescence
brun rougedtre. Ecusson 4 pubescence blanchatre. Sur chaque élyte une grande
tache circulaire préapicale suturale blanchatre vague et deux bandes transversales
de méme couleur, une postbasilaire qui remonte obliquement en direction de l’épaule
et une ondulée située juste aprés le milieu, ces deux bandes reliées ensemble par
deux ou trois étroites bandes longitudinales discales de méme couleur.

Long.: 6-8 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. I/4-3 mm.

Décrit sur des individus du Japon: Ile Hokkaido, Mts. Daisetsu dans la coll.
Matsushita.—Ile Hondo (Matsushita).

9. Exocentrus brevisetosus Gressitt

Exocentrus testudineus Matsushita subspecies brevisetosus Gressitt, 1938, Philipp. Journ. Sc.
64 : 167, pl. 1, fig. 4.
Exocentrus brevisetosus Gressitt, 1951, Longicornia, 2 : 526.

230 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Proche de testudineus Matsushita, mais l’épine latérale du pronotum plus forte-
ment'recourbée, les élytres plus grossiérement ponctués et garnis de poils dressés
plus courts.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.; I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de |’Ile de Formose: Hori, a l’Académie de Californie.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

10. Exocentrus pici, nom. nov.
Exocentrus signatus Pic, 1933, Matér. Longic. 11: 6.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisi¢éme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
transverse, pouvu d’une longue épine latérale mince et pointue, dirigée obliquement
vers l’arriére. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun rougeatre foncé. Sur chaque élytre une
trés étroite bande suturale blanchatre, une bande prémédiane blanche peu large qui
remonte obliquement en direction de l’épaule et qui est interrompue dans sa moitié
latérale par de petites taches dénudées, une assez étroite bande transversale post-
médiane fortement zigzaguée et une étroite tache discale préapicale blanche. La
partie de l’élytre entres les bandes prémédiane et postmédiane rouge a pubescence
brun rougeatre clair. Tibias rouge clair.

Long.: 6mm.; Larg.; 2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de Chine: Province de Szetschouan, Tatsienlu, Dzaschi
dans la coll. Frey, sous le nom signatus. Ce nom étant préoccupé je le change en pict.

11. Exocentrus badius Fisher
Exocentrus badius Fisher, 1925, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 28 : 242.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une assez longue et mince
épine latérale pointue, dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et peu
finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs.

Brun rougeatre couvert d’une fine pubescence grise. Elytres revétus de pubescence
brun rougedtre et parsemés de petites taches circulaires grises, ces taches faisant
défaut sur l’emplacement d’une grande tache transversale postmédiane latérale.

Long.: 5mm.; Larg.: 2mm.

Décrit sur un individu de |’Ile Mindanao: Davao, au Musée de Washington.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

12. Exocentrus albovarius Fisher
Exocentrus albovarius Fisher, 1925, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 28 : 243.

Proche de badius Fisher, mais le pronotum deux fois plus large que long, son
épine latérale plus rapprochée de la base et dirigée vers l’arriére, le corps d’un brun

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 231

plus foncé, la tache postmédiane de l’élytre dépourvue de taches grise est de forme
plus irréguliére.
Long. : 3 mm. 1/2-5 mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/2-2 mm.
Décrit sur des individus de 1’Ile Mindanao: Davao, au Musée de Washington.
Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

13. Exocentrus philippinus Fisher
Exocentrus philippinus Fisher, 1925, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 28 : 246.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Pronotum de moitié plus large que long, pourvu d’une longue
épine latérale pointue, dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et peu
finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs.

Brun rougeatre, couvert d’une fine pubescence blanchatre. Téte a pubescence
grise. Elytres revétus de pubescence brune et marbrés de jaune pale, ces marbrures
condensées en une grande tache humérale, une bande transversale au tiers apical et
en quelques petites taches au quart apical rangées en séries longitudinales. Dessous
noiratre. Antennes a pubescence grise.

Long.: 4mm. 1/2-7mm.; Larg.: I mm. 3/4-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Ile Mindanao: Davao et Zamboanga, au Musée de
Washington.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

14. Exocentrus echimys Pascoe

Exocentrus echimys Pascoe, 1864, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 3: 30.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois et demie plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum deux fois plus large que long, éparsément et finement ponctué, pourvu d’une
épine latérale pointue dirigée trés obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément
et trés finement ponctués.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence jaune pale. Elytres avec une large bande
transversale postmédiane rouge foncé floue. Tiers apical des tibias brun foncé.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu de |’Ile Morty (Morotai), au British Muséum.

15. Exocentrus erinaceus Pascoe
Exocentrus erinaceus Pascoe, 1863, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 1: 529.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue trés fortement recourbée.
Elytres densément et assez grossiérement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs.

Brun foncé. Elytres revétus de pubescence brun rougedtre foncé et marbrés un

232 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

peu avant le milieu et sur le tiers apical de jaune paille. L’extréme base des articles
antennaires a partir du quatriéme a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 4mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur un individu de Queensland: Port Denison, au British Muséum.

16. Exocentrus lachrymosus Pascoe
Exocentrus lachrymosus Pascoe, 1864, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 3: 29.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum plus de deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue
fortement recourbée et précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres densément et
trés finement ponctués.

Brun rougeatre. Sur chaque élytre cing rangées longitudinales de petites taches
jaune blanchatre.

Long.: 5mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de Borneo: Sarawak, au British Muséum.

17. Exocentrus insulicola nom. nov.
Exocentrus insularis Fisher, 1934, Stylops, 3 : 36, 42.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long que le
scape. Pronotum transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, dirigée
obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres assez densément et peu finement ponctués sur
les trois quarts antérieurs.

Brun rougeatre, couvert de pubescence jaunatre. Pronotum avec deux taches
obliques discales blanchatres floues. Elytres revétus de pubescence brune et ornés
d’assez nombreuses taches oblongues blanches, condensées en une sorte de bande
transversale médiane ondulee et faisaint défaut sur l’emplacement d’une large
bande transversale postmédiane.

Long.: 4mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de I’!le Banka : Mt. Mangkol, au Musée de Washington.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

18. Exocentrus bauhiniae Fisher
Exocentrus bauhiniae Fisher, 1934, Stylops, 3 : 36, 37.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale conique et pointue, dirigée
obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués sur les
trois quarts antérieurs.

Brun, couvert de pubescence jaune blanchatre. Elytres revétus de pubescence
brun rougeatre et ornés, chacun, d’une étroite bande longitudinale suturale et de
cinq bandes longitudinales discale blanchatres largement interrompues aprés le

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 233

milieu. Antennes a pubescence brun jaunatre, 4 pubescence un peu plus claire sur
la partie basilaire des articles 4 partir du troisiéme.

Long.: 4-5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/2-2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur un individu de Java: Kadiri, au Musée de Washington.—Samarang,
Buitenzoorg, etc. (Fisher).

19. Exocentrus hageni sp. n.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum plus
de deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale conique et pointue,
dirigée vers l’arriére et précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres trés densément
et assez finement ponctués sur les quatre cinquiémes antérieurs.

Rouge, couvert d’une trés éparse pubescence jaundtre. Elytres parsemés de
nombreuses petites taches jaune pale, rangées, sur chacun, en forme de sept séries
longitudinales.

Long.: 5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 3/4.

Type de Sumatra: Serdang, Tandjong-Morawa, leg. D. B. Hagen, au Muséum
de Leiden.

20. Exocentrus enganensis Breuning

Exocentrus (s. s.) enganensis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No. 8: 8.

Antennes a peine aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale pointue, dirigée obli-
quement vers l’arriére. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués sur toute leur
étendue.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence soyeuse grise. Ecusson bordé en arriére de
pubescence blanche. Elytres revétus de pubescence brun rougedtre et ornés de trés
petites taches blanches, rangées, sur chacun, en forme de sept séries longitudinales
réguliéres ; ces taches plus nombreuses pour former aussi deux étroites bandes
transversales, une prémédiane qui remonte obliquement en direction de la marge
externe et une médiane qui descend un peu en direction de la marge externe. Partie
basilaire des articles antennaires 4 et 5 4 pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de |’Ile Engano, au British Muséum.

21. Exocentrus sublineatus Breuning

Exocentrus (s. s.) sublineatus Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No. 8 : 7.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence brun rougeatre. Sur chaque élytre une étroite bande
suturale, six étroites bandes longitudinales discales atteignant presque le milieu,

234 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

trois bandes semblables parcourant le tiers apical et quelques trés petites taches
entre ces deux séries de bandes, toutes de couleur jaune pale.

Long.: 4-5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 3/4-2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de I’Indochine: Saigon a l'Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.—Tonkin : Hoa—Binh (coll. Frey). Cette espéce se rapproche
beaucoup de lineatus Bat., mais s’en distingue par l’épine latérale du pronotum moins
étroite et plus fortement recourbée, les bandes claires de la moitié antérieure de
l’élytre plus courtes, etc.

22. Exocentrus suturalis Pic

Exocentrus suturalis Pic, 1926, Mél. exot. ent. 45: 28.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum forte-
ment transverse, pourvu d’une longue épine latérale pointue, dirigée directement
vers l’arriére et précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres densément et finement
ponctués.

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence grisatre. Elytres parsemés de nombreuses
petites taches jaune pale, rangées, sur chacun, en cing séries longitudinales, et avec
une étroite bande suturale jaune pAle.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.; 2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur un individu du Tonkin a la coll. Pic.

23. Exocentrus albomaculatus Pic
Exocentrus albomaculatus Pic, 1928, Mél. exot. ent. 51 : 29.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue fortement re-
courbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs et
garnis de trés longs poils dressés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brune. Elytres rouges et parsemés de taches
circulaires blanches. Antennes brun foncé.

Long.: 3 mm.; Larg.: 3/4 mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Tonkin a la coll. Pic.

24. Exocentrus pseudandamanensis sp. n.

Exocentrus pseudandamanensis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No. 8: 8.
Exocentrus andamanensis Fisher part., 1932, Stylops, 1 : 231.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres assez densément et finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence jaune grise. Elytres revétus de pubescence

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 235

brun rougedtre et parsemés de nombreuses petites taches jaune blanche, rangées,
sur chacun, en forme de sept séries longitudinales. Antennes a pubescence brun
rougeatre.

Long: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Type de Birmanie: Katha, Mohngin Res., au British Muséum.

Fisher identifie cet exemplaire avec andamanensis Fisher tout en parlant de
différences.

25. Exocentrus downingi Fisher
Exocentrus downingi Fisher, 1932, Stylops, 1 : 226.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Prono-
tum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une courte épine latérale peu pointue fortement
recourbée. Elytres densément et extrémement finement ponctués dans les deux tiers
antérieurs.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brune. Les bords des yeux et la base du pro-
notum a pubescence jaune pale. Elytres marbrés de blanchatre dans le quart basilaire
et dans le tiers apical et avec quelques trés petites taches blanchatres entre ces deux
zones. Partie basilaire des articles antennaires 4 a g a pubéscence blanchatre.

Long. : 7mm.; Larg.: 2mm..1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de l’Inde: Nilghiri Hills, au British Muséum.

26. Exocentrus beesoni Fisher
Exocentrus beesoni Fisher, 1933, Ind. For. Rec. (4) 18: 3.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux aussi longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une longue épine latérale conique et pointue forte-
ment recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués dans les trois quarts
antérieurs.

Brun, couvert d’une fine pubescence gris clair. Ecusson 4 pubescence gris blan-
chatre. Elytres et antennes revétus de pubescence brun rougeatre, les élytres par-
semés de taches gris blanchatre floues couvrant la majeure partie dela moitié antérieure
et formant une bande transversale préapicale ondulée. Partie basilaire des articles
antennaires 2 a 10 a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 5-5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2-2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Inde: Madras, N. Salem, Ayur, au British Muséum
et au Musée de Washington.

27. Exocentrus transversifrons Fisher

Exocentrus transversifrons Fisher, 1940, Ind. For. Rec. (2) 6 : 209.

Antennes de moitié plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pro-

236 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

notum transverse, pourvu d’une longue épine latérale mince et pointue faiblement
recourbée. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués.

Brun couvert de pubescence jaune paille. Elytres densément marbrés de brun.

Long.: 6-7 mm.; Larg.: 2-3 mm.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Inde: U.P. Chakrata Range, au British Muséum et
au Musée de Dehra Dun.

28. Exocentrus tesselatus Perroud
Exocentrus tesselatus Perroud, 1855, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon (2) 2: 397; Mel. ex. 3:77.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue forte-
ment recourbée. Elytres assez densément et extrémement finement ponctués dans
les deux tiers antérieurs.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence jaune paille. Téte, pronotum, écusson et scape a
pubescence rousseatre. Elytres marbrés, sauf dans la région apicale, de brun.
Articles antennaires 4 partir du troisiéme rembrunis a l’apex.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu de l’Inde: Pondichery, dans la coll. Pic.

29 Exocentrus parrotiae Fisher
Exocentrus parrotiae Fisher, 1932, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 304.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux aussi longs que les joues. Pronotum deux fois plus
large que long, trés éparsément et trés finement granulé sur le disque, pourvu d’une
épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres trés densément et finement
ponctués.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence gris blanchatre. Sur chaque élytre une tache
discale postmédiane oblique brun rougedatre. Articles antennaires a partir du
troisiéme revétus de pubescence brun rougeatre, mais de pubescence blanchatre sur
la partie basilaire. Les poils dressés du dessus et des antennes sont noirs, ceux du
bord lateral des élytres, du dessous et des pattes blancs.

Long. : 7-8 mm. 1/4; Larg.: 2 mm. 3/4~-3 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus du Kashmir: Upper Munda, au British Muséum et au
Musée de Dehra Dun.

30. Exocentrus klapperichi Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) klapperichi Breuning, 1957, Ent. NachrBl. ésterr. u. schweiz. Ent. 8, No. 3 : 12.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue forte-

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 237

ment recourbée. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués sur les trois quarts
antérieurs.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence gris jaune. Pronotum rouge au bord antérieur
et au bord postérieur, revétu de pubescence brune. Sur chaque élytre deux bandes
transversales zigzaguées brunes, une médiane qui s’élargit au bord latéral de facon
a y occuper presque tous les deux tiers antérieurs, et une postmédiane qui n’atteint
pas la suture, ainsi qu’une petite tache préapicale subsuturale brune. Moitié apicale
des tibias et les antennes a pubescence brune.

Long.: 5-7 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 3/4-2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur un individu d’Afghanistan : Nuristan, Kutiau, dans la coll. Tippmann.
—Hindukusch : Chitral, Tal Bikir (Musée de Trieste).

31. Exocentrus kashmirensis Breuning
Exocentrus kashmirensis Breuning, 1957, Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey, 8 : 277.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux sensiblement plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale mince
et pointue, dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres trés densément et finement
ponctués.

Rouge, couvert d’une pubescence jaunatre. Chaque élytre avec sept séries longi-
tudinales de petites taches jaune pale qui s’arrétent 4 peu prés au milieu tout en
y formant une bande transversale fortement ondulée, et, dans le tiers apical avec
trois courtes bandes longitudinales discales, jaune pale. Antennes a pubescence brun
rougeatre clair, la partie basilaire des articles 3 4 8 4 pubescence jaunatre.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 3/4.

Type de Kaskmir: Kulu, 2300 m. alt., leg. C. Rost, dans la coll. Frey—Un
Paratype (idem).

32. Exocentrus madecassus Fairmaire

Exocentrus madecassus Fairmaire, 1880, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (5) 10 : 338.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps, le troisiéme article 4 peine aussi
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues.
Téte et pronotum a ponctuation trés fine et extrémement dense. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale mince et pointue, faible-
ment recourbée. Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués sur les deux tiers
antérieurs.

Rouge, le disque du pronotum sauf an bord antérieur et au bord postérieur,
rembruni. Les cétés du pronotum et |’écusson couverts d’une fine pubescence gris
clair. Elytres revétus de pubescence brun rougeatre clair et parsemés de petites
taches gris blanchatres serrées vagues qui font défaut sur l’emplacement d’une assez
grande tache postmédiane suturale vague. L’extréme base des articles antennaires
3 a II a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 5-6 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/4-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de Madagascar, au Muséum de Paris.—Suberbieville
(Muséum de Paris).

238 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

33. Exocentrus interruptefasciatus Hunt & Breuning
Exocentrus interruptefasciatus Hunt & Breuning, 1957, Durban Mus. Novit. 5: 64.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue trés fortement recourbée. Elytres
densément et trés finement ponctués sur toute leur étendue.

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence brun rougedtre foncé. Ecusson et moitié
antérieure des élytres revétus presque entiérement de pubescence jaune blanchatre.
Moitié postérieure des élytres parsemée de petites taches jaune blanchatre rangées
en séries longitudinales et agglomérées le long de la suture. Moitié basilaire des
tibias et les tarses, rouges. Le deuxiéme article des antennes et la partie basilaire
des articles 3 4 II rouge et couverts de fine pubescence jaune.

Long: 4-4 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/2-I mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur des individus de Zululand: Ubombo, Eteza (coll. Hunt).

34. Exocentrus lacteolus Distant
Exocentrus lacteolus Distant, 1906, Ins. Tvansvaal : 166, fig. 26.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, peu rapprochée de la base et
assez faiblement recourbée. Elytres finement et extrémement densément ponctués.

Rouge foncé. Elytres parsemés de trés petites taches blanches disposées, sur
chacun, en a peu pres sept rangées longitudinales. Pattes rouge foncé. L’extréme
base des articles antennaires 3 a 9 a pubescence blanche.

Long.: 4 mm. 1/2; Large.: 2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur des individus de Natal; Durban au Musée de Pretoria.—Rhodesia :
Salisbury (British Muséum).

35. Exocentrus ruficollis Lameere
Exocentrus ruficollis Lameere, 1892, Ann. Soc. ent. belg. 37 : 508.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
plus de deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue peu forte-
ment recourbée. Elytres finement et extrémement densément ponctués.

Noir, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Pronotum, écusson et épipleures rouges
et couverts de pubescence roussedtre. Tout le quart apical le l’élytre couvert d’une
fine et éparse pubescence gris jaunatre. Sur chaque élytre une étroite bande trans-
versale trés ondulée gris clair située un peu avant le milieu. L’extréme base des
articles antennaires 4 partir du quatriéme a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 5-7 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 3/4-2 mm. 1/4

Décrit sur un individu du Congo 4 I’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de
Belgique.—Zambezi: Noca Choupanga prés Chemba (Muséum de Paris) ; Afrique
orientale anglaise: Xinavane (British Muséum).

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 239

36. Exocentrus subruficollis Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) subruficollis Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 129.

Proche de ruficollis Lameere, mais ]’épine latérale du pronotum sensiblement plus
fortement recourbée et précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse peu accusée et les élytres
revétus d’une pubescence unicolore brun foncé.

Décrit sur des individus du Congo belge: Mayidi, au Musée de Tervueren.—
Répandu du Togo (Muséum de Paris), au Victoria Nyanza (Musée de Tervueren) et
au Gabon (Muséum de Paris).

37. Exocentrus pseudoruficollis Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) pseudoruficollis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sci. nat. Belg. 33, No. 8: 8.

Proche de ruficollis Lameere, mais plus petit, l’épine latérale du pronotum plus
courte et trés fortement recourbée, précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse peu accusée,
les élytres trés finement ponctués et entiérement d’un brun rouge clair, de méme
que le dessous du corps, les pattes et les antennes.

Long.: 4-6 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/2-2 mm.

Décrit sur des individus du Cap, au British Muséum.

38. Exocentrus trinigrovittatus Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) trinigrovittatus Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No. 8: 7.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une assez courte épine latérale pointue fortement
recourbée. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués.

Noir. Téte et pronotum marbrés de blanchatre et de brun noir. Ecusson et élytres
revétus de pubescence blanchatre. Elytres parsemés de taches dénudées minimes et
ornés, chacun, de trois bandes transversales noires, une étroite basilaire s’élargissant
en direction de la suture, une assez large postmédiane faiblement ondulée et une
apicale peu large. Tarses et antennes a pubescence noire, le deuxiéme article des
antennes et la partie basilaire des articles 3 4 10 a pubescence blanche.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur un individu du Tanganyika: Shinyanga, au British Muséum.

39. Exocentrus asmarensis sp. n.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum forte-
ment transverse, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale pointue fortement re-
courbée. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence jaune paille. Elytres ornés d’une bande transversale
postmédiane brun rougeatre formant sur les deux élytres un grand M. Moitié apicale
des tibias et les derniers articles antennaires d’un brun assez foncé.

Long.: 5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm.

Type d’Erithrée : Asmara, dans la coll. Frey.

240 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

40. Exocentrus ugandicola Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) ugandicola Breuning, 1958, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg., 34, No. 22.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez longue é€pine latérale pointue
et recourbée. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués sur les trois quarts
antérieurs.

Brun noir, couvert de pubescence jaune pale. Vertex et disque du pronotum, sauf
une assez large bande longitudinale prothoracique dénudée, revétus de pubescence
jaune. Elytres parsemés de trés petites taches circulaires brun noir et ornés, chacun,
d’une large bande transversale postmédiane brun foncé s’amincissant beaucoup dans
le tiers sutural, et de deux taches brun foncé: une discale proche de la suture et
une latérale, préapicales. Moitié apicale des tibias, les tarses et les antennes a partir
du troisiéme article 4 pubescence brun noir, le quart basilaire des articles anten-
naires 3 4 11 a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 5-6 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/4-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de Uganda: Mpanga, au British Muséum.

41. Exocentrus ochreopunctatus Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) ochreopunctatus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 129.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, dirigée oblique-
ment vers l’arriére. Elytres trés densément et trés finement ponctués.

Noir, couvert de pubescence noire; le bord antérieur et le bord postérieur du
pronotum rougeatres. Elytres vaguement marbrés de gris blanchatre et ornés de
trés petites taches circulaires nettes ochracées, rangées en forme de deux étroites
bandes transversales ondulées, une postbasilaire et une postmédiane. Partie basilaire
des articles antennaires 3 4 II a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 7mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de Ruanda: Gabiro, au Musée de Tervueren.

42. Exocentrus josephi Duvivier
Exocentrus josephi Duvivier, 1890, Ann. Soc. ent. belg. 34: 38; Bull. Soc. ent. Belg. 1890 : 197.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale mince et assez longue, dirigée
vers l’arriére et précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres densément et trés
finement ponctués.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence gris tirant sur le rougeatre. Sur chaque élytre une
étroite bande transversale postmédiane blanche faiblement ondulée. Partie basilaire
des articles antennaires 4 partir du troisiéme a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 4 mm. 2/3; Larg.: 2 mm.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 241

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Leopoldville, 4 1’Institut Royal des
Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.

43. Exocentrus grisescens Jordan

Exocentrus grisescens Jordan, 1894, Novit. Zool. 1 : 246.
Exocentrus ortmansi Gahan, 1917, Bull. Ent. Research, 8: 117.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisi¢éme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres trés densément et trés finement ponctués.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun foncé vaguement entremélée de gris clair
sur le disque des élytres. Elytres parsemés de trés petites taches dénudées, disposées
en séries longitudinales. Articles antennaires a partir du troisiéme revétus de
pubescence gris blanchatre.

Long.: 6 mm. 1/2-7 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/3-2 mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu de Gabon : Kuilu, au Muséum de Paris—Mayumbe (Gahan).
Exocentrus ortmansi Gah. est un synonyme.

44. Exocentrus decellei Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) decellei Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 127.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, fortement recourbée. Elytres
densément et trés finement ponctués.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence soyeuse jaunatre. Elytres revétus de pubescence
brun foncé et parsemés de petites taches de pubescence soyeuse jaunatre, ces taches
plus nombreuses le long de la suture et en forme de trois larges bandes trans-
versales ondulées, une postbasilaire, une médiane et une postmédiane. Moitié apicale
des tibias, les tarses et les antennes revétus de pubescence brun foncé, les deux
premiers articles des antennes et la base des articles 3 et 4 a pubescence soyeuse
jaunatre.

Long.: 4 mm. 1/2-5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus du Congo belge: Yangambi, au Musée de Tervueren.

45. Exocentrus massarti Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) massarti Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 127.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois et demie plus longs que les joues. Prono-
tum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale pointue, forte-
ment recourbée. Elytres trés densément de trés finement ponctués.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Ecusson revétu de pubescence
jaunatre. Sur chaque élytre trois larges bandes transversales ondulées, une post-

ENTOM, 7. 5. 13

242 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

basilaire, une médiane et une postmédiane, et une tache apico-suturale formées par
Vagglomération de nombreuses petites taches jaunatres.

Long.: 4mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm. :

Décrit sur des individus du Congo belge: Lualaba, Kaniama, au Musée de
Tervueren.

46. Exocentrus fuscosignatus Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) fuscosignatus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 128.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux sensiblement plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale conique et pointue, dirigée oblique-
ment vers l’arriére et précédée d’une bosse latérale proéminente, mais obtuse.
Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brune. Elytres revétus de pubescence jaune
pale a l’exception d’une large bande transversale postmédiane brun foncé qui
n’atteint pas tout a fait la suture et de deux assez grandes taches brun foncé, une
basilaire située a cdté de l’écusson et une latéro-prémédiane. Tiers basilaire des
articles antennaires 3 a 6 couvert de pubescence gris blanchatre.

Long. : 4.mm..1/2; Larg.: 2.mm.

Décrit sur des individus du Congo belge: Mayidi, au Musée de Tervueren.

47. Exocentrus plagiatus Hintz
Exocentrus plagiatus Hintz, 1919, Evgebn. d. II. Centr. Afr. Exped. 1 : 630.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux plus de deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence jaune paille. Elytres revétus de pubescence brun
rougeatre, ornés de nombreuses taches jaune blanchatre disposées en séries longi-
tudinales et couvrant presque enti¢rement la moitié latérale, parsemés de taches
minimes dénudées disposées également en séries longitudinales et pourvus, chacun,
d’une assez grande tache discale postmédiane brun rougedtre foncé en ovale allongé.
Articles antennaires a partir du quatriéme revétus de pubescence brun rougeatre,
leur partie basilaire 4 pubescence jaune paille.

Long.: 6-8 mm. ; Larg.: 2 mm. I/4-3 mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Sankuru, a l'Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.—Mayidi (Musée de Tervueren) ; Lac Upemba région (Parcs
Nationaux).

48. Exocentrus subplagiatus Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) subplagiatus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 128.

Proche de plagiatus Hintz, mais plus petit, l’épine latérale du pronotum dirigée
plus fortement vers l’arriére, la tache postmédiane foncée de l’élytre précédée de

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT: 243

pubescence blanchatre et les articles antennaires 4 a II sans pubescence jaune paille
sur la partie basilaire.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Moto, au Musée de Tervueren.

49. Exocentrus bialbomarmoratus Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) bialbomarmoratus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 129.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux sensiblement plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
transverse, pourvu d’une petite et mince épine latérale pointue, dirigée obliquement
vers l’arriére, précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres densément et trés fine-
ment ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs.

Noir, couvert de pubescence noire. Ecusson a pubescence blanche. Les élytres
présentent des marbrures blanchatres dans la moitié antérieure et sur une bande
transversale préapicale.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Tshela, au Musée de Tervueren.

50. Exocentrus albosticticus Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) albosticticus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 128.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
transverse, pourvu d’une assez longue et mince é€pine latérale faiblement recourbée.
Elytres trés densément et assez finement ponctués.

Brun noir, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Pronotum rouge. Elytres ornés de
trés petites taches blanchatres, disposées de fagon a former deux bandes transversales
ondulées, un prémédiane et une postmédiane. Partie basilaire des articles anten-
naires 3 a II a pubescence blanche.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Elisabethville, au Musée de Tervueren.

51. Exocentrus hallei Lepesme & Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) hallei Lepesme & Breuning, 1955, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 60: 128.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, dirigée fortement vers
Varriére. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun grisAtre. Sur chaque élytre sept séries
longitudinales de petites taches blanchatres. Elytres ornés en plus d’une étroite
bande transversale médiane brune en forme de M. Antennes a pubescence brune, le
deuxiéme article et la partie basilaire des articles 3 4 11 A pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de Céte d’Ivoire: Adiopodoumé, dans la coll. Lepesme.

244 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

52. Exocentrus m-fuscus Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) m-fuscus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 126.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum forte-
ment transverse, pourvu d’une é€pine latérale pointue, dirigée vers l’arriére. Elytres
densément et trés finement ponctués.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence jaune paille. Sur chaque élytre trois assez
petites taches brun fonceé: une latéro-posthumérale, une latéro-préapicale et une
disco-préapicale ainsi qu’une étroite bande transversale médiane brun foncé formant
avec celle de l’élytre opposé un grand M; cette bande, ainsi que la tache disco-
préapicale sont bordées en avant de pubescence blanche. Tiers apical des tibias et
les tarses brun foncé. Les trois quarts apicaux des articles antennaires 3 a II a
pubescence brun foncé.

Long.: 8mm. 1/2; Larg.: 3 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge : Tohouapa, Boende, au Musée de Tervueren.

53. Exocentrus ziczac Breuning
Exocenirus (s. s.) ziczac Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No. 8 : 6, fig. 5.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs.

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence brune entremélée de jaunatre. Sur chaque
élytre trois bandes transversales zigzaguées blanches, une postbasilaire trés peu
apparente, une postmédiane assez large descendant en oblique en direction de la
suture et une préapicale. Quart basilaire des articles antennaires a partir du quat-
riéme revétu de pubescence blanche.

Long.: 6 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 3 mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Cameroun: Ja River, a l’Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.

54. Exocentrus freyi Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) freyt Breuning, 1955, Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey, 1: 665.

Antennes d’un tiers plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux plus de deux fois plus longs que les
joues. Pronotum transverse, trés éparsément et trés finement ponctué, pourvu d’une
trés petite épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres, sauf dans la partie
apicale, densément et trés finement ponctués.

Brun foncé couvert de pubescence jaune paille. Sur chaque élytre une bande
transversale zigzaguée blanche, peu large située juste aprés le milieu. Le tiers basil-

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 245

aire des articles antennaires 4 partir du troisiéme 4 pubescence blanche, les deux
tiers apicaux de ces articles 4 pubescence brun foncé.

Long.: 8-10 mm.; Larg.: 3-3 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu de Guinée francaise: N’Zérékoré, dans la coll. Frey.—
Dahomey (coll. Lepesme).

Fic. 1. Exocentrus occidentalis Breuning.

55. Exocentrus occidentalis Breuning
Exocentrus (s. s.) occidentalis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No. 8 : 6.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, rétréci vers la base et pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue
fortement recourbée. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence jaune paille. Elytres parsemés de trés
petites taches circulaires brun foncé et ornés, chacun, d’une grande tache discale
circulaire postmédiane brun foncé assez vague. Moitié apicale des tibias, les tarses

246 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

et les antennes brun noir, le deuxiéme article des antennes, le tiers basilaire des
articles 3 et 4 et le quart basilaire des articles 5 4 7, rouges.

Long.: 6mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de Sénégal : Thiés, 4 1’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles
de Belgique.

2. EXOCENTRUS SovusGENRE CAMPTOMYME Pascor

Camptomyme Pascoe, 1864, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 3: 27, 43.

Camptomyme Pascoe, Lacordaire, 1872, Gen. Col. 9: 801, 815.

Exocentrus Sousgenre Striatoexocentrus Breuning, 1955, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 68:
42.

Exocentrus Sousgenre Camptomyme Lepesme & Breuning, 1955, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 60: 127.
Troisiéme articles des antennes aussi long que le quatriéme. Les points sur les

élytres rangés, tout au moins en majeure partie, en séries longitudinales. Elytres

arrondis a l’ape.
Type callioides Pascoe.

56. Exocentrus rufotibialis Breuning
Exocentrus rufotibialis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No. 8: to.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux a peine deux fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum trés transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, fortement recourbée.
Téte et pronotum trés densément et extrémement finement ponctués. Elytres
trés densément et grossiérement ponctués, ces points non sérialement disposés
sur le quart sutural.

Rouge foncé ; l’épaule, la moitié basilaire des articles antennaires trois et quatre,
rouge clair. Le dessus couvert d’une fine pubescence blanchatre. Elytres parsemés
de trés petites taches serrés dénudées. Sur chaque élytre une assez étroite bande
transversale ondulée brune, peu apparente. Pattes rouge foncé. La moitié
basilaire des articles antennaires trois et quatre et la base des articles suivants a
pubescence blanche.

Long.: 8 mm.; Larg.: 3 mm.

Type du Sénégal, ex coll. Laferté, au British Muséum.

57. Exocentrus guineensis Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) guineensis Breuning, 1955, Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey, 6 : 666.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, comparativement fines, le troisiéme
article un peu moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus
longs que les joues. Pronotum transverse, pourvu d’une assez longue é€pine latérale
pointue, trés fortement recourbée, dirigée directement vers l’arriére. Elytres
densément et trés finement ponctués dans la moitié antérieure, les points sérialement
disposés,

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 247

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence brune, entremélée de jaune pale. Ecusson
a pubescence blanchatre. Elytres couverts de pubescence jaune pale et ornés,
chacun, d’une large bande longitudinale latérale d’un brun assez foncé, parcourant la
moitié antérieure et reliée 4 une large bande transversale postmédiane fortement
sinuée, de méme couleur, qui n’atteint pas la suture. Antennes a pubescence brune.
L’extréme base des articles 4 partir du troisiéme, 4 pubescence blanche.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu de Guinée francaise : N’Zérékoré dans la coll. Frey.

58. Exocentrus univittatus Breuning

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) univittatus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 32, No. 25:
15, fig. 8.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, assez fortes, le troisiéme article un
peu moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que
les joues. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, trés éparsément et peu finement
ponctué, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue faiblement recourbée. Elytres
densément et trés finement ponctués, les points subalignés.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence jaune paille. Sur chaque élytre une bande trans-
versale postmédiane blanche, qui remonte obliquement de la suture en direction
de la marge externe. Moitié basilaire des articles antennaires a partir du troisiéme,
a pubescence jaune pale.

Long.: 9 mm.; Larg.: 3 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de Gold Coast: Kumassi (Newbery), a l'Institut Royal
des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.

59. Exocentrus chevaugeoni Lepesme & Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) chevaugeoni Lepesme & Breuning, 1955, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 60 : 127.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, épaisses, le troisiéme article un peu
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale mince, dirigée obliquement
vers l’arriére. Elytres trés finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs.

Brun foncé. Chaque élytre avec deux bandes transversales blanchatres floues,
une postbasilaire et une postmédiane, cette derniére descendant obliquement en
direction de la marge externe.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2 44mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/3-I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de Céte d’Ivoire : Adiopodoumé, de la coll. Lepesme.

60. Exocentrus maiae Lepesme & Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) maiae Lepesme & Breuning, 1955, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 60: 128.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, épaisses, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale conique, légérement dirigée

248 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués, les points de la moitié
latérale séparés par des intervalles trés faiblement convexes.

Brun foncé luisant. L’extréme base du troisiéme article des antennes et le quart
basilaire du quatriéme article revétus de pubescence blanche.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de Céte d’Ivoire : Adiopodoumé, de la coll. Lepesme.

61. Exocentrus latefasciatipennis Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) latefasciatipennis Breuning, 1958, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. Nat. 34, No. 22.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale fortement recourbée.
Elytres peu densément et finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs, les points
sérialement disposés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun rougeatre foncé. Bord antérieur et
bord postérieur du pronotum, rouges. Sur chaque élytre deux larges bandes trans-
versales blanchatres, une postbasilaire et une post médiane. Quart basilaire des
tibias, le deuxiéme article des antennes et la partie basilaire des articles 3 4 9 rouge
clair et revétus d’une fine pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de Céte d’Ivoire : Bouaké, a l'Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.

62. Exocentrus fernandopoanus Baguena & Breuning sp.n.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum trés transverse, trés densément et extrémement finement ponctué,
pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue dirigée obliquement vers l’arri¢re. Elytres
densément et finement ponctués dans la moitié antérieure.

Brun noir luisant. Pattes et antennes rouges. Sur chaque élytre deux étroites
bandes transversales blanches, une postbasilaire courbée vers l’arriére dans le quart
sutural et une médiane courbée vers l’avant dans le quart sutural, les deux se joignant
en courbe réguliére prés de la suture.

Long.: 2 mm.1/4; Larg.: 3/4 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de l’Ile Fernando Poo (leg. Baguena), au Musée de Madrid.

Cette espéce m’a été aimablement communiqué par Monsieur Baguena-Corella,
lequel a collaboré a la description ; je tiens a lui exprimer ici mes vifs remerciements.

63. Exocentrus minimus Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) minimus Breuning, 1956, Mitt. Miinch. ent. Ges. 46 : 83.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus que les joues. Pronotum

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 249

transverse, fortement rétréci vers la base, pourvu d’une mince épine latérale pointue,
dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués.

Rouge clair. Chaque élytre avec deux bandes transversales blanchatres ondulées
et trés peu apparentes, une prémédiane et une post médiane.

Long.: 2 mm.; Larg. I m.

Décrit sur un individu de Nigéria : Lagos, au Musée de Munique.

64. Exocentrus decorsei sp. n.

Antennes assez fines, un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un
peu moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longues que
les joues. Pronotum trés transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue,
pas trés fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points
rangées en séries longitudinales assez réguliéres.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence grise a reflets soyeux, cette pubescence
condensée sur chaque élytre 4 plusieures bandes transversales ondulées assez floues,
dont deux sont situées dans la moitié apicale, l’une juste aprés l’autre. Antennes
brun foncé.

Long.: 3 mm.; Larg.: I mm.

Type de la Boucle di Niger : Douentra (Dounzou) au nord du 14° de lat., 1907,
leg. Dr. Decorse, au Muséum de Paris.—Un Paratype (zdem).

65. Zxocentrus subarmatus Baguena & Breuning sp. n.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux plus de deux fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum trés transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués dans les trois quarts antérieurs, les
points rangés en séries longitudinales réguliéres. émurs trés épais.

D’un brun noir luisant.

Long.: 2 mm. 2/3; Larg.: I mm.

Décrit sur un individu de I’Ile Fernando Poo (leg. Baguena), au Musée de Madrid.

Cette espéce m’a été aimablement communiqué par Monsieur Baguena-Corella.

66. Exocentrus armatus Hintz
Exocentrus armatus Hintz, 1919, Ergebn. d. II. Centr. Afr. Exped. 1 : 630.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps, épaisses, le troisiéme article un peu
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale fortement recourbée et d’une
bosse latérale obtuse située avant cette épine. Elytres densément et finement ponc-
tués sur les trois quarts antérieurs, les points disposés en séries longitudinales régu-
tués sur les trois quarts antérieurs, les points disposés en séries longitudinales
réguliéres.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence brun foncé. Dessous du corps et
pattes rouge foncé.

250 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/2.
Décrit sur un individu du Cameroun, a |’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles
de Belgique. Cameroun: N’Kongsamba (coll. Ardoin).

67. Exocentrus femoralis Hintz
Exocentrus femoralis Hintz, 1919, Ergebn. d. II. Centr. Afr. Exped. 1 : 630.

Antennes assez épaisses, aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, fortement recourbée,
trés convexe a son bord antérieur. Elytres densement et trés finement ponctués dans
les trois quarts antérieurs, les points irréguliérement disposés dans le tiers sutural,
disposés en séries longitudinales peu réguliéres sur les deux tiers latéraux, les épaules
finement granulés. Fémurs trés claviformes.

Brun foncé ; le dessous du corps, les hanches et la base des fémurs, rouge clair,
couvert d’une trés fine pubescence blanchatre. L’écusson a pubescence blanchatre
plus dense.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Cameroun: Douala, a l'Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.—Congo belge : Yangambi (Mayné).

68. Exocentrus nitens Jordan.
Exocentrus nitens Jordan, 1903, Novit. Zool. 10: 189.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, assez fortes, le troisiéme article un peu
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum trés transverse, fortement rétréci vers la base, pourvu d’une petite épine
latérale pointue modérément recourbée et d’une bosse obtuse tres faiblement
accusée, située avant cette épine. Elytres trés finement granulés sur la partie
basilaire, ensuite densément et extrémement finement ponctués jusqu’au milieu, les
points assez réguliérement alignés.

Brun rougeatre foncé luisant. Front, sterna, pattes et trois premiers articles
antennaires rouge clair. Ecusson a pubescence blanchatre. Sur chaque élytre
deux étroites bandes transversales blanches peu réguliéres, une basilaire et une
postbasilaire légérement incurvée vers l’arriére 4 la suture, toutes deux formés
de trés petites taches.

Long.: 3 mm.; Larg.: 3/4 mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Cameroun: Lolodorf, au Muséum de Paris.

69. Exocentrus subnitens sp. n.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, assez fortes, le troisiéme article un
peu moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que
les joues. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, fortement rétréci vers la base,
pourvu d’une petite épine latérale dirigée presque directement vers l’arriére. Elytres

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 251

densément et peu finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs, les points assez
réguliérement alignés.

Noir luisant.

Long.: 3 mm.; Larg.: 3/4 mm.

Type du Cameroun, leg. Conradt, a l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de
Belgique.

70. Exocentrus strigosus Jordan

Exocentrus strigosus Jordan, 1903, Novit. Zool. 10 : 189.

Exocentrus maculatus Hintz, 1919, Ergebn. d. II. Centr. Afr. Exped. 1 : 631.

Exocentrus marmoratus Hintz, 1919, Ergebn. d. II. Centr. Afr. Exped., 1 : 631.

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) strigosus Jordan, Breuning, 1956, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 32,
No. 25: 16.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, assez fortes, le troisiéme article un peu
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les
joues. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue
trés fortement recourbée et d’une bosse obtuse latérale située avant cette épine. Ely-
tres densément et finement ponctués presque jusqu’au bord apical, les points assez
réguliérement alignés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Chaque élytre avec trois bandes
transversales grises, irréguli¢res et interrompues par places, une postbasilaire,
une prémédiane et une postmédiane. L’extréme base des articles antennaires a
partir du troisiéme a pubescence gris blanchatre.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2-4 mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/4-1 mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Cameroun: Lolodorf, au Muséum de Paris.—maculatus
Hintz et marmoratus Hintz, décrits chacun sur un individu en mauvais état du
Cameroun a l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, semblent des

synonymes.

71. Exocentrus conradti Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) conradti Breuning, 1956, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 32, No. 25 : 15

Antennes comparativement peu fortes, un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisitme
article un peu moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus
longs que les joues. Pronotum trés transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue,
assez longue et trés fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et trés finement
ponctués, les points assez réguliérement alignés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence d’un brun assez foncé. Ecusson a pubescence
jaune pale. Elytres parsemés de petites taches jaune pale, disposées en rangées
longitudinales. Sur chaque élytre en outre deux assez larges bandes résultant de
l'agglomération de plusieures petites taches jaune pale, une prémédiane remontant
trés obliquement de la suture en direction de |’épaule et une préapicale descendant
légérement de la suture vers la marge externe. L’extréme base des articles anten-
naires a partir du troisiéme 4 pubescence jaune pale.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/4.

252 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Décrit sur un individu du Cameroun: Johann Albrechtshéhe, a |’Institut Royal
des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.

72. Exocentrus ruficornis Hintz
Exocentrus ruficornis Hintz, 1919, Evgebn. d. II. Centr. Afr. Exped. 1 : 631.

Antennes modérément fortes, un peu moins longues que le corps, le troisiéme
article un peu moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux sensiblement
moins longs que les joues. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une
petite épine latérale trés fortement recourbée. Elytres trés densément et trés
finement ponctués, les points assez réguliérement alignés.

Brun foncé, les palpes et les pattes plut6t rouges, couvert de pubescence brun
rougeatre. L’écusson a pubescence blanche. Chaque élytre avec deux etroites
bandes transversales blanchatres trés fortement ondulées, une postbasilaire vague
et peu apparente et une médiane assez nette. Les trois premiers articles des antennes
d’un rouge assez clair.

Long.: 3 mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Cameroun, a l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles
de Belgique.

73. Exocentrus nigricollis Hintz
Exocentrus nigricollis Hintz, 1919, Ergebn. d. II. Centr. Afr. Exped. 1 : 630.

Antennes modérément fines, un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article
un peu moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que
les joues. Pronotum presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine
latérale pointue, fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués
sur les trois quarts antérieurs, rangées en séries longitudinales réguliéres.

Brun foncé, le pronotum marbré de jaune pale. Elytres revétus de pubescence
jaune paille, parsemés de taches minimes brunes et ornés, chacun, de quatre taches
brunes, une basilaire discale, une allongée postbasilaire latérale, la plus petite,
une large postmédiane de forme irréguliére, la plus grande atteignant parfois presque
la suture et une apicale. Pattes rouges 4 pubescence jaune paille. Antennes
rouges a pubescence brun rougeatre clair, la base des articles 4 partir du quatriéme
a pubescence jaune pale.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Cameroun, 4a 1|’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles
de Belgique.—Congo Belge: Kasengi, Albertville, Rutshuru (Musée de Tervueren).

74. Exocentrus seriatus Jordan
Exocentrus seriatus Jordan, 1903, Novit. Zool. 10 : 189.

Antennes peu fortes, un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un
peu moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux aussi longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, trés

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 253

fortement recourbée et d’une bosse obtuse latérale peu accusée, située avant cette
épine. Elytre densément et trés finement ponctués dans les trois quarts antérieurs,
éparsément a partir du milieu, les points sérialement disposés.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence brun rougeatre clair. Elytres parsemés de
petites taches jaune pale, rangées, sur chacun, en sept séries longitudinales réguliéres,
ces taches plus éparses sur l’emplacement d’une bande postmédiane transversale peu
large. En plus sur chaque élytre une tache suturale préapicale jaune pale plus
grande. Scape rouge clair, le base des articles antennaires a partir du troisiéme
a pubescence jaune pale.

Long.: 4mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Cameroun: Johann Albrechtshdhe, au Muséum de
Paris.

75. Exocentrus albosignatus Lepesme & Breuning
Exocentrus albosignatus Lepesme & Breuning, 1953, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. : 102.

Antennes sensiblement moins longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les
joues. Pronotum fortement transverse, trés densément et trés finement ponctué
dans sa moitié postérieure et pourvu d’une trés petite épine latérale fortement recour-
bée. Elytres densément et assez grossiérement ponctués, les points sérialement
alignés.

Noir luisant. Elytres parsemés de petites taches blanches. La partie basilaire
des articles antennaires, a partir du troisiéme, couverte de pubescence blanche.

Long.: 3 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur des individus de Cote d’Ivoire: Adiopodoumé (Muséum de Paris et
coll. Lepesme).

76. Exocentrus subfasciatus Jordan

Exocenirus subfasciatus Jordan, 1894, Novit. Zool. 1: 247.

Exocentrus undulatofasciatus Lepesme & Breuning, 1953, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. : 102, fig. 5.

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) subfasciatus Jordan, Lepesme & Breuning, 1956, Bull. Inst. Fr. Afr.
noive, 18, sér. A, No. 4 : 1134.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux presque quatre fois plus longs que les
joues. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue,
trés fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués, les points
subalignés.

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence jaune paille, entremélée sur le disque du
pronotum de brun rougeatre clair. Elytres parsemés de trés petites taches dénudées.
Elytres ornés de plusieures bandes transversales blanchatres trés ondulées, laissant
libre surtout une étroite bande transversale postmédiane trés ondulée. Moitié
basilaire des tibias rouge clair, leur moitié apicale et les tarses brun foncé. Antennes
a pubescence brun rouge foncé, la partie basilaire des articles 4 partir du troisiéme
a pubescence gris blanchatre.

254 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Long.: 4-5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. I/2 4 2 mm.

Décrit par Jordan sur un individu du Gabon: Kuilu, au Muséum de Paris.—
Céte d’Ivoire Adiopodoumé (Muséum de Paris) ; Ile Fernando Poo (Musée de Génes);
Cameroun (Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique). Exocentrus
undulatofasciatus Lepesme & Breuning est un synonyme.

77. Exocentrus nonymoides Jordan
Exocentrus nonymoides Jordan, 1894, Nov. Zool. 1: 246.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum plus de deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue,
fortement recourbée. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués, les points
rangés en séries longitudinales sauf dans le tiers sutural.

Brun foncé, revétu de pubescence brun foncé. Elytres parsemés de trés petites
taches blanchatres, rangées en séries longitudinales et condensées, sur chaque
élytre, 4 une étroite bande transversale médiane trés ondulée. La base des articles
antennaires 4 partir du troisiéme a pubescence gris blanchatre.

Long.: 5-7 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 3/4-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus du Gabon: Kuilu, au Muséum de Paris.—Répandu du
Dahomey au Congo belge.

78. Exocentrus coeruleus Breuning

Exocentrus (Striatexocentrus) coeruleus Breuning, 1955, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor, Nat. Genova, 68 : 42.

Fic. 2. Exocentrus coeruleus Breuning.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 255

Antennes assez fortes, 4 peine aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article
sensiblement moins long que le scape, les articles cing 4 sept un peu plus forts que
les autres articles. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum presque deux fois plus large que long, trés finement chagriné, pourvu
d’une petite épine latérale pointue, fortement recourbée et d’une bosse latérale
obtuse située avant cette épine. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués, les
points sérialement disposés.

Noir, les élytres d’un bleu foncé métallique.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo francais: Fernand Vaz, au Musée de Génes.—
Gabon: Ivinda (Muséum de Paris) ; Congo belge: Mayidi (Musée de Tervueren).

79. Exocentrus albostriatus Hintz
Exocentrus albostriatus Hintz, 1919, Ergebn. d. II. Centr. Afr. Exped. 1 : 63.

Antennes fortes, un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les
joues. Pronotum presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine
latérale pointue, dirigée presque directement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et
peu finement ponctués presque jusqu’au bord apical, les points sérialement disposés.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence rougeatre. Elytres ornés de nombreuses
bandes longitudinales linéiformes jaune blanchatres, interrompues par places.
Pattes et antennes rouge foncé.

Long.: 4 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur des individus du Cameroun, a |’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles
de Belgique.

80. Exocentrus leucostriatus Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) leucostriatus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 133.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue forte-
ment recourbée, précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse mais bien accusée. Elytres
densément et trés finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés.

Brun foncé, la moitié latérale de l’élytre rouge clair. Sur chaque élytre sept
étroites bandes longitudinales blanches. Tibias rouge clair: l’extréme base des
articles antennaires 3 4 8 a pubescence blanche.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Tshela au Musée de Tervueren.—Benza-
Masola, Yangambi (idem) ; Guinée espagnole : Ndeok (Musée de Madrid) ; Gabon :
Lambaréné (Muséum de Paris).

256 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

81. Exocentrus leucolineatus Breuning
Exocentrus (Campiomyme) leucolineatus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 133.

Proche de leucostriatus Breuning, mais le pronotum ne présente pas de bosse
latérale précédant l’épine latérale, et la partie basilaire des articles antennaires
3 a II couverte en assez large étendue de pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge : Mayidi, au Musée de Tervueren.

82. Exocentrus latevittipennis Breuning

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) latevittipennis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No.
Oi3%.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale assez longue et pointue
légérement recourbée. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués dans les
trois quarts antérieurs, les points subalignés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Disque du pronotum orné de
deux taches discales médianes dorées incurvées (4 concavité du cété latéral). Sur
chaque élytre le tiers latéral du tiers antérieur et le quart apical sont tres densément
marbrés d’ochracé. Dessous du corps et pattes a pubescence grise. Quart basilaire
des articles antennaires 3 a 10 revétu de pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Lukolela, a 1’Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.

83. Exocentrus multivittatus Breuning

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) multivitiatus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 131.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale
dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres peu densément et finement ponctués
dans les deux tiers antérieurs, les points plus ou moins sérialement disposés.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence brune. Pronotum marbré de jaune paille. Ecusson
a pubescence jaune pale. Sur chaque élytre trois bandes transversales ondulées
jaune pAle, une postbasilaire, une médiane et une postmédiane et une tache apicale
de méme couleur. Base des articles antennaires a partir du troisiéme a pubescence
jaune pale.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Mayidi, au Musée de Tervueren.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 257

84. Exocentrus vagemaculatus Breuning

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) vagemaculatus Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33,
No. 8: 11.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps; le troisiéme article aussi long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long et pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recour-
bée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs, les
points sérialement disposés sur les trois quarts latéraux, subalignés sur le quart
sutural.

Rouge. Téte et disque du pronotum sauf a son bord antérieur et a son bord posté-
rieur, brun foncé. Sur chaque élytre une tache triangulaire postscutellaire, une
grande tache latérale prémédiane et une tache discale postmediane plus petite,
d’un brun assez foncé, mais ces taches sont assez vagues. Antennes rembrunis
sauf 4 la base des articles 3 a II.

Long.: 5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Lukolela, a |’Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.

85. Exocentrus niger sp. n.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux sensiblement plus longs que les joues.
Téte et pronotum a ponctuation extrémement dense et extrémement fine. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, fortement rétréci vers la base, pourvu d’une épine
latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres trés densément et trés finement
ponctués, les points sérialement disposés dans les deux tiers latéraux.

Noir luisant. Les bords latéraux de l’écusson rougeatre a fine pubescence noire.

Long.: 3-4 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/3-I mm. 1/2.

Type du Congo belge: Lusinga, I-8.xii.1947, a l'Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique. Un Paratype (idem).

86. Exocentrus rufus Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) rufus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 130.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
_ plus de deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, dirigée
obliquement vers l’arriére et précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres trés
densément et finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés.

D’un rouge uniforme, la base des articles antennaires 4 partir du troisiéme a
pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 4mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Mayidi; au Musée de Tervueren.—
Tshuapa: Flandria (idem).

ENTOM. 7. 5, 14

258 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

87. Exocentrus subrufus Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) subrufus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 130.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale fortement
recourbée, précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres densément et trés finement
ponctués, les points sérialement disposés.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence brun rougedatre. Tete et antennes revétues de
pubescence brun foncé, la base des articles antennaires 4 partir du troisiéme a
pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/244mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/2 41 mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur des individus du Congo belge : Mayidi au Musée de Tervueren.

88. Exocentrus rufobasicornis Breuning

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) rufobasicornis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33,
No. 8:9.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que ~

le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués, les points, sauf dans le quart sutural
et sur la partie apicale, sérialement disposés.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine et éparse pubescence gris blanchatre. Elytres parsemés
de trés petites taches dénudées. Les premiers articles antennaires rouge clair, les
articles 4 partir du quatriéme revétus de pubescence brun rougeatre.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Lukolela, a l'Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.

89. Exocentrus nigrescens Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) nigrescens Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 130.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux aussi longs que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale conique et pointue,
dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére et précédée d’une bosse latérale anguleusement

proéminente. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués sur les trois quarts —

antérieurs, les points subserialement disposés.

Noir mat. Elytres luisants. Ecusson 4a pubescence blanche. Sur chaque
élytre deux étroites bandes transversales blanches, une postbasilaire et une médiane.
Quart basilaire du quatriéme article des antennes 4 pubescence blanche.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge : Mayidi, au Musée de Tervueren.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 259

go. Exocentrus vagesticticus Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) vagesticticus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 132.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Prono-
tum transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale mince et pointue, faiblement
recourbée. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués, les points sérialement
disposés.

Brun noir, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Pronotum rouge. Elytres
parsemés de trés petites taches blanchatres peu apparentes, rangés en forme de
deux bandes transversales, une postbasilaire ondulée et une postmédiane qui descend
obliquement de la suture en direction de la marge externe.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2-4 mm.; Larg.: I mm. I/3-I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus du Congo belge: Mayidi, au Musée de Tervueren.

gi. Exocentrus schoutedeni Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) schoutedenit Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 131.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les
joues. Pronotum transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale mince et pointue,
dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués
sur les trois quarts antérieurs les points sérialement disposés.

Noir ; hanches et partie basilaire des femurs rouge. Ecusson a pubescence blanche.
Elytres ornés de dessins blancs. Sur chaque élytre une petite tache suturo- post-
scutellaire, une petite tache latéro-posthumérale et deux étroites bandes transver-
sales, une postbasilaire et une médiane droites dans la moitié latérale, sensiblement
inclinées l’une vers l’autre sans toutefois se toucher dans la moitié suturale.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge : Mongende, au Musée de Tervueren.

92. Exocentrus vaneyeni Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) vaneyeni Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 132.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, dirigée obliquement
vers l’arriére. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués, les points plus ou
moins sérialement disposés sur les quatre cinquiémes antérieurs.

Brun noir. Pronotum rouge, rembruni souvent au centre. Sur chaque élytre
deux assez larges bandes transversales ondulées blanchatres peu apparentes, une
postbasilaire et une juste apres le milieu.

Long.: 3-4 mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/3-I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus du Congo belge: Mayidi, au Musée de Tervueren.—
Lukombe (idem).

260 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

93. Exocentrus albostictipennis nom. nov.
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) albosticticus Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33: 11.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
faiblement transverse, pourvu d’une trés petite épine latérale mince et pointue,
dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur
les deux tiers antérieurs, les points sérialement disposés.

Noir, garni de poils dressés noirs. Elytres rouge foncé et parsemés de petites
taches blanches sur les deux tiers antérieurs, ces taches plus serrés au bord postérieur
du deuxiéme tiers. Pattes et antennes rouge foncé.

Long.: 3 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Elisabethville, a ]’Institut Royal des
Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.

94. Exocentrus flavofasciatus Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) flavofasciatus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 131.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, dirigée obliquement
vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués, les points sérialement
disposés.

Téte brun foncé. Pronotum rouge. Elytres brun jaunatre et ornés, chacun,
d’une assez large bande transversale prémédiane jaune qui remonte obliquement de
la suture en direction de la marge externe. Antennes rouge foncé.

Long.: 3-4 mm.; Larg.: I mm. I/3-I mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur des individus du Congo belge : Mayidi, au Musée de Tervueren.

95. Exocentrus variegatus Duvivier

Exocentrus variegatus Duvivier, 1891, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 35; Buill.: 421; 1892, Ann. Soc.
ent. Belg. 36 : 365.

Exocentrus brevis Jordan, 1894, Novit. Zool. 1 : 247.

Exocentrus bifasciatus Lepesme & Breuning, 1953, Bull. Soc. ent. Fy. : 101.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois ou quatre fois plus longs que
les joues. Pronotum presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine
latérale pointue, trés fortement recourbée et précédée d’une bosse latérale anguleuse.
Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués, les points, sauf dans le quart sutural,
sérialement disposés.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence jaune pale, trés fine sur le pronotum,
disposée sur les élytres sous forme de neuf assez larges bandes transversales peu
réguliéres. Elytres parsemés de trés petites taches dénudées. Articles antennaires
a partir du troisiéme a pubescence jaune pale.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 261

Long.: 4-5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/4-1 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Ibembo, a |’Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.—Répandu de Céte d’Ivoire au Transvaal et du Transvaal
jusqu’en Abyssinie. Exocentrus brevis Jordan, et bifascratus Lepesme & Breuning
sont des synonymes.

96. Exocentrus grossepunctatus Breuning
Exocentrus grossepunctatus Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No. 8 : to.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux presque deux fois plus longs que les joues.
Téte et pronotum trés densément et extrémement finement ponctués. Pronotum
plus de deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une courte épine latérale conique
pointue ; fortement recourbée. Elytres trés densément et grossiérement ponctués
sur les quatre cinquiémes antérieurs, finement dans le cinquiéme apical, les points
sérialement disposés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Occiput rouge. Sur chaque
élytre trois bandes transversales blanchatres floues, une assez large postbasilaire,
une étroite médiane fortement ondulée et une trés large préapicale. Les poils
dressés du dessus du corps noirs, ceux du bord latéral des élytres, du dessous et des
pattes blancs. La partie basilaire des tibias rougedtre. Les deux tiers basilaires
des articles antennaires 3 et 4 et le tiers basilaire des articles suivants 4 pubescence
blanche.

Long.: 8 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 3 mm. 1/2.

Décrit de Rhodésie : Plumtrees, 21.x.1905, leg. S. O.Neil, au British Muséum.

97. Exocentrus echinulus Gahan
Exocentrus echinulus Gahan, 1904, Distant, Ins. Transvaal : 156, pl. 15, fig. 12.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, fortement recourbée.
Téte et pronotum a ponctuation trés dense et extrémement fine. Elytres trés
densément et grossiérement ponctués, les points plus ou moins réguliérement alignés.

Rouge foncé, l’épaule, la moitié basilaire des tibias et les articles antennaires 3 et
4rouge clair. Le dessus couvert d’une fine pubescence blanchatre. Elytres parsemés
de trés petites taches dénudées serrées. Sur chaque élytre une assez étroite bande
transversale postmédiane ondulée brune. La moitié apicale des tibias, les tarses
et les antennes a pubescence brun foncé. La moitié basilaire des articles antennaires
3 et 4 et la base des articles suivants 4 pubescence blanche.

Long.: 8 mm.; Larg.: 3 mm.

Décrit sur des individus du Transvaal : Waterberg District, au Musée de Pretoria.—
Natal: Ladysmith (coll. Hunt) ; Betschuanaland: Sekhuma (coll. Frey).

262 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

98. Exocentrus exiguus Gahan
Exocentrus exiguus Gahan, 1904, Ins. Transvaal : 156, pl. 15, fig. 14.

Proche d’echinulus Gahan, mais sensiblement plus petit, les antennes moins
longues que le corps. L’epaule non rouge, l’épine latérale du pronotum un peu
moins recourbée ; sur chaque elytre en plus quelques taches brunes entre la bande
postmédiane et l’apex., la bande située un peu plus en avant.

Long.: 4mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de Transvaal: Waterberg District, au Musée de Pretoria.

99. Exocentrus aureomaculatus Aurivillius
Exocentrus aureomaculatus Aurivillius, 1914, Ark. f. Zool. 9/8 : 14.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux cinq fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale pointue fortement
recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points sérialement
disposés.

Noir, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Elytres ornés de nombreuses assez
petites taches quadrangulaires gris clair disposées, sur chacun, en six séries longi-
tudinales. L’écusson et les premieres et la derniére taches de la sixiéme rangée de
couleur doré-ochracé vif, la derniére tache de la cinquiéme rangée jaune. L’extréme
base des articles antennaires a partir du troisiéme a pubescence blanche.

Long.: 7 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Nyassaland: Mlanje au British Muséum.

100. Exocentrus rhodesianus Breuning

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) rhodesianus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 32, No. 25:
14; 1956, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 61: 175.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, peu fortes, le troisiéme article un peu
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les
joues. Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale
fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points subalignés.

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence brun foncé, entremelée d’un peu de gris.
_Ecusson revétu de pubescence blanche. Sur chaque élytre deux assez larges bandes
transversales blanches: une prémédiane descendant trés obliquement de |’épaule
en direction de la suture et une postmédiane faiblement ondulée. Moitié basilaire
des tibias rouge clair. La partie basilaire du scape et des articles antennaires a
partir du cinquiéme, le deuxiéme article et le tiers basilaire des articles 3 et 4, rouge
clair et couverts de pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 6 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur un individu de South Rhodésie : Khami, au Musée de Bulawayo.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 263

101. Exocentrus subseriatus Hunt & Breuning

Exocentrus subseriatus Hunt & Breuning, 1957, Durban Mus. Novit, 5: 66.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes Inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue trés fortement recourbée.
Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués dans les trois quarts antérieurs, les
points sérialement disposés.

Téte noiratre. Pronotum rouge. Elytres rouge foncé, couverts d’une pubescence
brun foncé et ornés dans la moitié antérieure de nombreuses petites taches blanches
rangées en séries longitudinales, de quelques taches pareilles le long de la suture
dans le quart apical et de plusieures taches pareilles en forme d’une bande trans-
versale postmédiane peu large. Les pattes rouge clair. Les articles antennaires
2 a 4 rouge clair, les articles 7 4 11 brun foncé, les autres articles d’un rouge assez
clair, rembrunis partiellement.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2-4 mm.; Larg.: I mm. I/3-I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de Zululand: Mlubhove (leg. Hunt), dans la coll. Hunt.

102. Exocentrus fuscosignatipennis Hunt & Breuning
Exocentrus fuscosignatipennis Hunt & Breuning, 1957, Durban Mus. Novit. 5:65.

Antennes comparativement fines, un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme
article 4 peine aussi long que le premier. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus
longs que les joues. Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine
latérale pointue faiblement recourbée. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués,
le points, sauf au quart sutural, disposés sérialement.

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Ecusson 4 pubescence jaune
paille. Elytres, pattes et antennes rouges, revétus de pubescence brune. Elytres
parsemés de petites taches jaune paille serrées rangées en séries longitudinales et
ornés, chacun, d’une tache longitudinale brun foncé a cété de l’écusson et d’une
bande transversale postmédiane brun foncé fortement ondulée. Le tiers apical
des tibias et les tarses 4 pubescence brun foncé. L’extréme des articles antennaires
a partir du troisiéme a pubescence jaune paille.

Long.: 4mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur des individus de Natal: Richmond (leg. Hunt), dans la coll. Hunt.

103. Exocentrus substrigosus Hunt & Breuning

Exocentrus substrigosus Hunt & Breuning, 1957, Durban Mus. Novit, 5 : 67.
Exocentrus inclusus Fahraeus (nec Pascoe), 1872, Oefvers. Vet. Ak. Férh. 29/2 : 49.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, comparativement fines, le troisiéme
article un peu moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus
longs que les joues. Pronotum presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu
dune épine latérale pointue trés fortement recourbée et précédée d’une bosse

264 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

latérale obtuse a peine accusée. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués
presque jusqu’au bord apical, les points sérialement disposés.

Brun foncé, le bord antérieur et le bord postérieur du pronotum, les tibias et les
antennes, sauf les derniers articles, rouges. Ecusson couvert de pubescence blanche.
Chaque élytre orné de deux assez larges bandes transversales blanchatres, une prémé-
diane qui remonte obliquement en direction de la marge externe et une postmédiane
fortement ondulée.

Long.: 4mm.1/2; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur des individus de Natal: Richmond (leg. Hunt), dans la coll. Hunt.

104. Exocentrus murinus (Hintz i.l.) Breuning

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) murinus (Hintz il.) Breuning, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 32,
No. 25: 16.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Prono-
tum presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue,
fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués sur les trois
quarts antérieurs, les points réguliérement alignés sur les trois quarts latéraux.

Téte et pronotum rouges a pubescence soyeuse jaunétre. Elytres revétus de
pubescence jaune paille, parsemés de nombreuses trés petites taches dénudées
et ornés, chacun de trois taches brunes assez floues, une basilaire discale, une post-
médiane latérale et une apicale.,

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/3.

Type du Natal a l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.—Durban
(Muséum de Paris) ; Zululand (British Muséum).

105. Exocentrus subinclusus Hunt & Breuning
Exocentrus subinclusus Hunt & Breuning, 1957, Durban Mus. Novit. 5:65.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, comparativement fines, le troisiéme
article aussi long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs —
que les joues. Pronotum transverse, pourvu d’une trés mince épine latérale faible-
ment recourbée. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués, les points sérialement
disposés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Sur chaque élytre trois bandes
transversales ondulées gris blanchatres: une postbasilaire, une prémédiane et une
postmédiane, les deux antérieures trés rapprochées l’une de l’autre et remontant —
faiblement en direction de l’épaule. La partie basilaire des tibias et l’extréme base
des articles antennaires 4 partir du troisiéme, rouges.

Long.: 3-4 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/4.I mm. 2-3.

Décrit sur des individus de Natal: Richmond (leg. Hunt) dans la coll. Hunt.—
Zululand : Kambala (zdem).

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 265

var. latefasciatus Hunt & Breuning

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) subinclusus Hunt & Breuning var. latefasciata Hunt & Breuning,
1957, Durban, Mus. Novit. 5: 66.

Comme la forme typique, mais la bande postmédiane blanchatre de |’élytre
droite, non ondulée et encore plus large.
Natal: Queenstown (leg. Hunt) (coll. Hunt).

106. Exocentrus sjéstedti Breuning
Exocentrus (Striatexocentrus) sjéstedti Breuning, 1955, Ark. f. Zool. (2) 7, No. 29 : 590.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, comparativement fines, le troisiéme
article un peu moins long que le premier. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois
plus longs que les joues. Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite
épine latérale pointue, trés fortement recourbée et précédée d’une bosse latérale
obtuse. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points plus ou moins sérialement
disposés.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence soyeuse grise, cette pubescence condensée
sur les élytres pour y former plusieures bandes transversales ondulées floues, dont
deux situées dans la moitié apicale, l’une juste aprés l’autre. Antennes rouge
clair.

Long.: 3 mm.; Larg.: I mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Tanganyika: Mt. Meru, au Riksmuséum de Stockholm.

107. Exocentrus orientalis Breuning
Exocentrus (Striatexocentrus) orientalis Breuning, 1955, Ark. f. Zool. (2) 7, No. 29 : 589.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux presque quatre fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez longue é€pine latérale
pointue, dirigée presque directement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et trés
finement ponctués, les points subalignés.

Rouge foncé, le dessus du corps et le scape couverts d’une pubescence gris blan-
chatre entremélée de jaundtre sur le disque du pronotum. Dessous du corps,
pattes et le restant des antennes a pubescence jaune pale. Elytres parsemés de
petites taches dénudées et ornés, chacun d’une bande transversale postmédiane
brun rougeatre descendant trés obliquement en direction de la suture et d’une large
bande longitudinale latérale brun rougedtre parcourant les deux tiers antérieurs.
La partie basilaire des articles antennaires 4 partir du troisiéme revétue de pubescence
blanchatre, en plus large étendue sur les articles 3 4 9.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Tanganyika : Namupa, au Riksmuseum de Stockholm.

266 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

108, Exocentrus jeanneli Breuning
Exocentrus (Striatexocentrus) jeanneli Breuning, 1955, Rev. franc. d’Ent. 22: 121, fig. 2.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum presque deux fois plus large que long, trés densément et extrémement
finement ponctué, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres trés densément et peu finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés
sauf dans le tiers sutural.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence rousseadtre. Elytres revétus de pubescence
jaune paille, entremélée de blanchatre et parsemés de trés petites taches dénudées,
rangées en séries longitudinales; le tiers sutural de la moitié antérieure et une
large bande transversale postmédiane qui descend obliquement en direction de la
marge externe, couverts de pubescence brune. Pattes et antennes a pubescence
brun, fonoé, la moitié basilaire des tibias rouge, la partie basilaire des articles anten-
naires a partir du troisiéme a pubescence jaune blanchatre.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu du Tanganyika: Kilema, Kilimandjaro, versant Sud-Est,
1440 m. alt., au Muséum de Paris.

109. Exocentrus gardnerianus nom. n.
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) gardneri Breuning, 1958, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. Nat. Belg. 34, No. 22 : 38.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue trés fortement
recourbée et précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres densément et finement
ponctués, les points réguli¢rement alignés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence gris blanchatre. Disque du pronotum avec
quatre bandes longitudinales brun foncé floues, deux ondulées rapprochées de la
ligne médiane et deux latérales. Chaque élytre avec une large bande transversale
postmédiane ondulée brun foncé et une grande tache discale préapicale de méme
couleur. La moitié basilaire des fémurs et les tibias rouge clair. Les poils dressés
du dessus noirs, ceux du bord latéral et des pattes blanchatres. Antennes a pub-
escence brun foncé, la base des articles 3 4 11 4 pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Tanganyika: Serengeti, ex Acacia sp., 22.xii.1955, leg.
J. C. M. Gardner au British Muséum.

110. Exocentrus pseudonitens Breuning

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) pseudonitens Breuning, 1956, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 32, No.
25:14.
Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long —

que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus que les joues. Pronotum

transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale mince faiblement recourbée. Elytres

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 267

trés densément et finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés sauf dans le
quart sutural.

Brun foncé. Chaque élytre orné de deux bandes transversales gris clair, trés
rapprochées l’une de l’autre, une postbasilaire et une prémédiane. L’extréme
base des articles antennaires a partir du troisiéme a pubescence gris blanchatre.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu du Kenya: Mutha, au British Muséum.

111. Exocentrus aureopilosus Breuning
Exocentrus (Striatexocentrus) aureopilosus Breuning, 1955, Ark. f. Zool. (2) 7, No. 29: 589.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois et demie plus longs que les joues.
Téte peu densément et finement ponctuée. Pronotum presque deux fois plus large
que long, éparsément et peu finement ponctué, pourvu d’une épine latérale conique
pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points
plus ou moins réguliérement alignés. Tous les poils dressés de couleur dorée.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une pubescence brune. Le disque du pronotum et les
élytres parsemés de trés petites taches dénudées et avec quelques trés petites taches
blanches. Sur chaque élytre une assez large bande transversale ondulée blanche
située un peu aprés le milieu. La moitié basilaire des tibias couverte de pubescence
blanche, leur moitié apicale, les tarses et la moitié apicale des articles antennaires
revétus de pubescence brun foncé. La moitié basilaire des articles antennaires
a pubescence blanche.

Long.: 9g mm.: Larg.: 3 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu du Kenya: Ikutha, au Riksmuseum de Stockholm.

112. Exocentrus alluaudi Breuning
Exocentrus (Striatexocentrus) alluaudi Breuning, 1955, Rev. franc. d’Ent. 22 : 122.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum faiblement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale mince et pointue,
dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués,
les points sérialement disposés sauf sur le quart sutural.

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Les deux tiers antérieurs des
élytres parsemés de petites taches irréguliéres blanches. Les deux premiers articles
antennaires rouge clair.

Long.: 3 mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur un individu du Kenya: Shimoni, au Muséum de Paris.

113. Exocentrus fuscovittatus Breuning
Exocentrus fuscovittatus Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No. 8: 9.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum

268 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée,
précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres densément et finement ponctués,
les points réguliérement alignés dans les deux tiers latéraux, subalignés dans le
tiers sutural.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une pubescence d’un brun assez foncé. Le pronotum
et la strie suturale a pubescence rougeatre. Les deux tiers latéraux des élytres
revétus de pubescence soyeuse brun clair et parsemés de taches minimes brun
foncé. Le tiers sutural des élytres et les antennes a pubescence brun foncé.

Long.: 6 mm.: Larg.: 2 mm. 1/4.

Type du Kenya: Sobatia, 30.iv.1955, ex Climber, leg. J. C. M. Gardner, au
British Muséum.—Un Paratype (zdem).

114. Exocentrus sudanicus Aurivillius
Exocentrus sudanicus Aurivillius, 1927, Ark. f. Zool. 19a/17 : 26, fig. 177.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue trés
fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués, les points plus
ou moins alignés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun clair. Disque du pronotum et élytres
parsemés de taches vagues plus ou moins grandes brun foncé, dont une triangulaire

prémédiane latérale, sur chaque élytre, est plus grande et plus accusée. Moitié ©

apicale des tibias, les tarses, un large anneau postmédian sur le scape et les deux
tiers apicaux des articles antennaires deux a onze, brun foncé.
Long.: 7-9 mm.; Larg.: 3-3 mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Soudan: Malakul et Mongalla, au Riksmuseum de —

Stockholm.—Kenya : Kampi ya Moto (British Muséum).

115. Exocentrus raffrayi Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) raffrayi Breuning, 1956, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 32, No. 25 : 16.

Antennes comparativement fines, un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme
article aussi long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux presque trois fois plus
longs que les joues. Pronotum plus de deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une
petite épine latérale pointue, fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et trés
finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés sauf dans le tiers sutural.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence jaune blanchatre. Pronotum avec deux
larges bandes longitudinales brun rougeatres floues peu réguliéres, trés rapprochées

de la ligne médiane. Sur chaque élytre une tache vague a cété de l’écusson, une
tache prémédiane latérale, une tache discale préapicale et une étroite bande post- —
médiane, formant avec celle de l’autre élytre un grand M ; tous ces dessins brun —

rougeatre. Antennes 4 pubescence brun rougeatre, l’extréme base des articles a
partir du troisiéme a pubescence jaune pale.
Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 2/3.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 269

Décrit sur un individu d’ a el a l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de
Belgique.

116. Exocentrus pseudomurinus sp. n.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux plus de deux fois plus longs que les joues.
_ Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite et mince é€pine latérale, faible-
ment dirigée vers l’arriére. Elytres trés densément et trés finement ponctués, les
points sérialement disposés sauf sur le quart sutural.

Rouge clair, couvert d’une fine pubescence blanchatre. Elytres parsemés de
petites taches dénudées rangées en séries longitudinales et avec, sur chacun, une
_ assez grande tache médiane discale dénudée. Antennes a pubescence brun rougeatre
clair a partir du troisiéme article sur les deux tiers apicaux.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/3.

Type de Djibouti: Jardin d’Ambouli, 1897, leg. Ch. Alluaud au Muséum de
Paris. .

117. Exocentrus lineolatus Miiller
Exocentrus lineolatus Miiller, 1939, Miss. Biol. paese Borana, Recc. Zool. 2/1: 74, pl. 4, fig. 3.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que lesjoues Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une pubescence brun clair. Le disque du pronotum et les
élytres parsemés de petites taches noiratres. Elytres ornés en plus d’étroites taches
longitudinales blanches, rangées sur chaque élytre en forme de sept bandes longi-
_tudinales. Tiers apical des tibias, les tarses et le tiers apical des articles antennaires
_ a pubescence brun foncé. L’extréme base des articles antennaires a partir du troi-
_ siéme a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 5 mm. 1/2—6 mm. 1/4; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/3-2 mm. 2/3.
Décrit sur des individus d’Abyssinie : Arero, au Musée de Trieste.

118. Exocentrus vittatus Fisher
Exocentrus vittatus Fisher, 1931, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 306.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue forte-
ment recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués dans les deux tiers
antérieurs, les points sérialement disposés.

Rouge. Chaque elytre orné de sept étroites bandes longitudinales blanchatres.
La base des articles antennaires 4 4 11 4 pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 4 mm. 1/2-6 mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/2— 2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur des individus de |’Inde : Madras, N. Salem et Fraserpet: Coorg, au
British Muséum, au Musée de Dehra Dun et au Musée de Washington.

270 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT .

119. Exocentrus chatterjeei Fisher
Exocentrus chatterjeet Fisher, 1940, Ind. For. Rec. (2) 7: 210.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres
densément et assez grossi¢rement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence brun rougedtre. Sur chaque élytre cing rangées —
longitudinales de petites taches jaune blanchatres, ces taches interrompues sur
l’emplacement d’une bande transversale située un peu aprés le milieu.

Long.: 4mm. 1/2-5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 3/4-2 mm.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Inde: Madras, Nilambur au British Muséum, au
Musée de Dehra Dun et au Musée de Washington.

120. Exocentrus ficicola Fisher
Exocentrus ficicola Fisher, 1932, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 315.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée. —
Elytres assez densément et trés finement ponctués dans les trois quarts antérieurs,
les points sérialement disposé.

Brun, couvert d’une fine pubescence jaune paille. Elytres revétus d’une pube-—
scence brun rougeatre et ornés de taches jaunes qui manquent cependant sur l’em-—
placement d’une grande plaque quadrangulaire située un peu aprés le milieu.
Antennes a4 pubescence brun rougeatre clair, la base des articles a partir du troisi¢éme ~
a pubescence jaune pale.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2-6 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de Inde: Bamboi, W. Thana, Bombay, au British
Muséum, au Musée de Dehra Dun et au Musée de Washington.—Dehra Dun (Musée

de Dehra Dun).

121. Exocentrus carissae Fisher
Exocentrus carissae Fisher, 1932, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 312.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus long que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue fortement
recourbée. Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués, les points sérialement
disposés sauf dans le quart sutural. 7

Rouge foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence gris clair. Elytres revétus dune
pubescence brun rougedtre foncé et ornés, chacun, de trois bandes transversales
gris clair, une postbasilaire remontant obliquement en direction de l’épaule, une j
médiane ondulée et une préapicale droite dans la moitié suturale ensuite brusquement —

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 271

courbée vers l’arriére pour atteindre le bord apical. Antennes a pubescence d’un
brun assez foncé, la base des articles 4 partir du troisiéme a pubescence gris clair.
Long.: 3 mm. 1/2-3 mm. 3/4; Larg.: I mm. 1/4-1 mm. 1/2.
Décrit sur des individus de l’Inde: environs de Dehra Dun, au British Muséum,
au Musée de Dehra Dun et au Musée de Washington.

122. Exocentrus alboscutellaris sp. n.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale mince et pointue
fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points sérialement
disposés sauf sur le quart sutural.

Noir, couvert de pubescence gris foncé. Ecusson a pubescence blanche. Elytres
revétus de pubescence brun foncé et ornés, chacun, de trois bandes transversales
blanches peu larges: une postbasilaire et une médiane, ces deux fortement ondulées
et reliées le long du milieu du disque par de petites taches blanches, et une préapicale
incurvée (a concavité du cété basal). Moitié apicale des tibias, les tarses et les
antennes a pubescence brun foncé, l’extréme base des articles antennaires a partir
du troisiéme a pubescence gris clair.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Type un individu des Iles Andamanes, ex dead Teak stump, 3.x.1955, au
Musée de Dehra Dun.

123. Exocentrus explanatidens Pic
Exocentrus explanatidens Pic, 1930, Sborn. ent. odd, Nar. Mus. Praze, 8: 58.

Antennes d’un tiers plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que
_lescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux sensiblement plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
plus de deux fois plus large que long, son bord latéral largement aplati et rebordé,
pourvu d’une longue et mince épine latérale pointue, dirigée directement vers l’arriére.
Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs, les points
sérialement disposés sauf sur le quart sutural.

Brun foncé. Téte et pronotum rouges a fine pubescence dorée. Ecusson et la
strie suturale des élytres couverte de pubescence blanchatre. Elytres revétus
de pubescence brun foncé et ornés, chacun, de deux bandes transversales gris
blanchatres peu apparentes, une postbasilaire faiblement recourbée dans la région
suturale et une médiane ondulée. Pattes et antennes a pubescence brun fonceé.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu de l’Inde: Sikkim, Kurseong, au Musée de Prague.—
Bhutan (coll. Frey).

124. Exocentrus birmanus Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) birmanus Breuning, 1958, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 34, No. 22: 39.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues.

272 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 1

Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue assez longue ~
et faiblement recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points —
sérialement disposés sauf sur le quart sutural.

Rouge. Front, parties latérales du pronotum et dessous du corps revétus d’une
fine pubescence grise, le dessus du corps, les pattes et les antennes 4 pubescence
brun rouge. Pronotum avec deux taches discales grisdtres vagues et une trés
étroite bande longitudinale grise. Ecusson a pubescence blanche. Sur chaque
élytre une trés étroite bande longitudinale suturale blanche parcourant plus du
tiers basilaire et trois bandes transversales blanches: une postbasilaire remontant
obliquement en direction de la marge externe, une médiane trés fortement ondulée
et une préapicale ondulée.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.‘1/4.

Décrit sur un individu de Birmanie: Bhamo, a l'Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.

125. Exocentrus trifasciellus Gressitt
Exocentrus trifasciellus Gressitt, 1940, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 72: 184, 187, pl. 5, fig. 17; 1951,

Longicornia, 2 : 526.

Antennes de moitié plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les
joues. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une courte épine latérale
pointue, dirigée vers l’arriére. Elytres assez densément et finement ponctue’s
les points subalignés.

Brun rougeatre. Téte, la partie apicale des élytres et la partie apicale des tibias —
noiratres. Les hanches, la partie basilaire des tibias et les antennes rougeatres.
Sur chaque élytre des taches jaunes rangées en forme de trois bandes transversales,
une postbasilaire, une prémédiane et une postmédiane.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur un exemplaire de Chine: Ile Hainan, a l’Académie de Californie.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

126. Exocentrus basirufus Gressitt
Exocentrus basirufus Gressitt, 1940, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 72: 184, 185, pl. 5, fig. 16; 1951,

Longicornia, 2 : 526.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisi¢éme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une mince épine
latérale pointue, dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres assez densément
et peu finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés.

Brun rougeatre. Téte, pronotum et moitié postérieure des élytres brun noir.
Sur chaque élytre trois étroites bandes transversales blanches, une postbasilaire,
une postmédiane et une préapicale.

Long.: 3-4 mm.; Larg.: I-I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de Chine: Ile Hainan, au Musée de Washington.—Prov. ~
Kwang-tung, near Mei-hsien (Gressitt).

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 273

127. Exocentrus constricticollis Gressitt

Exocentrus constricticollis Gressitt, 1940, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 72: 184, 186, pl. 5, fig. 12; 1951,
Longicornia, 2 : 527.

Troisiéme article des antennes sensiblement moins long que le scape. Lobes infé-
rieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum transverse, pourvu
d'une é€pine latérale pointue, dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres finement
ponctués, les points sérialement disposés.

Brun foncé. Téte noiradtre. Pronotum brun rouge, marbré de jaune pale.
Elytres revétus de pubescence brun jaunatre et ornés, chacun, d’une grande tache
postmédiane latérale brun foncé, d’une autre tache pareille apicale ainsi que de
quelques trés petites taches brun foncé. Antennes a pubescence brun rougeatre,
la partie apicale des articles brun foncé.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de Chine: Ile Hainan, a 1’Académie de Californie.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

128. Exocentrus hupehensis Gressitt
Exocenirus hupehensis Gressitt, 1951, Longicornia, 2 : 526, 528, pl. 19, fig. 1.

Antennes d’un tiers plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois et demie plus longs que les
joues. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une courte épine latérale
pointue, dirigée directement vers l’arriére. Elytres assez densément et finement
ponctués, les points sérialement disposés sauf sur le quart sutural.

Brun rougeatre foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence gris clair. Elytres a
pubescence brun rougeatre et ornés, chacun, de trois bandes transversales zigzaguées
pales, une postbasilaire une postmédiane et une préapicale. La partie basilaire des
articles antennaires a pubescence plus claire.

Long.: 4 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de Chine: Province de Hupeh, District de Lichuan,
a l’Académie de Californie.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

129. Exocentrus subbidentatus Gressitt

Exocentrus subbidentatus Gressitt, 1937, Lingn. Sc. Journ. 16: 615; 1939, Lingn. Sc. Journ.,
18:86; 1942, Lingn. Nat. Hist. Surv. Mus,. Spec. Publ., No. 8: 30,; 1951, Longicornia,
2: 526.

Antennes d’un tiers plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que
le scape. Pronotum presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez
longue épine latérale pointue, dirigée vers l’arriére, précédée d’une bosse latérale
obtuse. Elytres finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés.

Brun foncé. Prosternum, mesosternum, hanches, tarses et base des articles
antennaires 2 4 4, brun rouge, couvert de pubescence jaune grisdtre, plus dense sur

ENTOM, 7, 5. 15

274 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

les élytres exception faire de deux bandes transversales, sur chacun, une prémédiane
et une postmédiane et de nombreuses trés petites taches circulaires dénudées.

Long.: 5-5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2-2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur des individus de Chine: Province de Kwang-tung et Fokien, 4 la
coll. Gressitt.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

130. Exocentrus fasciolatus Bates

Exocentrus fasciolatus Bates, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 12: 384.
Exocentrus curtipennis Pic, 1918, Mél. exot. ent. 27 : 10.
Exocentrus fasciolatus Matsushita, 1933, Journ. Fac. Agr. Hokk. 34 : 396.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez courte épine latérale pointue
assez fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués, les points
subalignés.

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence jaune paille entremélée sur le disque du —

pronotum de brun rougeatre. Elytres parsemés de trés petites taches dénudées
et ornés chacun d’une large bande transversale postmédiane dénudée qui n’atteint
pas la suture et est interrompue par de tres petites taches circulaires jaunatres.
Moitié basilaire des tibias rouge plus clair, leur moitié apicale et les tarses et antennes
& pubescence brun foncé, la partie basilaire des articles antennaires a partir du
troisiéme a pubescence gris blanchatre.

Long.: 5-6 mm.; Larg.: 2-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus du Japon, au Muséum de Paris.—Iles Hokkaido et Hondo
(Matsushita). E. curtipennis Pic est un synonyme.

131. Exocentrus submoerens Breuning
Exoceutrns (Camptomyme) submoervens Breuning, 1958, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 34, No. 22: 40.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les

joues. Pronotum plus de deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une mince épine ~

latéral pointue, dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére et précédée d’une bosse latérale
obtuse pas trés fortement accusée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les
points subsérialement disposés.

Rouge clair, couvert d’une pubescence gris clair extrémement fine. Elytres —
revétus de pubescence brun rougeatre clair et parsemés de petites taches oblongues

blanchatres, rangées en plusieures bandes transversales irréguliéres dans la moitie —

antérieure et en forme d’une bande transversale ondulée au tiers apical. Pattes

et antennes jaune rougeatre.

Long.: 3-3 mm. 3/4; Larg.: I mm. I/3-I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de Chine: Hongkong, au British Muséum.—Un Paratype
de Chine (zdem).

4
wv.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 275

132. Exocentrus moerens Pascoe
Exocentrus moerens Pascoe, 1864, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 3: 30.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le scape.
Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum transverse,
pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres densément
et peu finement ponctués dans les trois quarts anterieurs, les points sé¢rialement
disposés sauf sur le quart sutural.

Rouge, couvert d’une trés fine pubescence grise. Elytres parsemés de petite
taches oblongues blanches, agglomérées surtout dans la région postbasilaire et dan
la région médiane ainsi que dans le quart apical.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm.

Décrit sur un individu de la presqu Ie de Malacce : Singapur, au British Muséum.—
Perak (idem).

133. Exocentrus multiguttulatus Pic
Exocentrus multiguttulatus Pic, 1927, Mél. exot. ent. 48 : 24.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, fortement
recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués dans les trois quarts antérieurs,
les points sérialement disposés sauf sur le quart sutural.

Rouge foncé. Antennes sauf les deux ou trois premiers articles, brun foncé.
Elytres rouges, revétus de pubescence brun rougeatre foncé et parsemés de nombreuses
petites taches blanches, situées en forme de deux bandes: une postbasilaire trans-
versale ondulée et une semicirculaire, partant du bord latéral peu avant le milieu en
direction de la suture qu’elle atteint apres le milieu pour revenir 4 la marge externe
peu avant l’apex.

Long.: 4-5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/2-1 mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur des individus du Tonkin, a la coll. Pic.—Iles Andamanes (coll. Frey).

134. Exocentrus misellus Lameere

Exocentrus misellus Lameere, 1893, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 62 : 285.
Exocentrus coomani Pic, 1925, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. : 138.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une courte épine latérale pointue
fortement recourbée. Elytres assez densément et peu finement ponctués dans
les trois quarts antérieurs, les points sérialement disposés.

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence brun rougedtre. Sur chaque élytre de
nombreuses taches quadrangulaires jaune pale ou jaune blanchatres, situées en
forme de deux larges bandes transversales, une prémédiane s’élargissant latéralement

276 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

vers l’avant jusqu’a l’épaule et une postmédiane qui n’atteint pas la suture; ces
deux bandes reliées le long de la suture par plusieures taches quadrangulaires jaune
pale. Tiers apical des tibias et les tarses brun foncé.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur un individu de Annam : Hué, au Muséum de Paris.—Tonkin : Hoa-Binh
(coll. Pic). coomani Pic est un synonyme.

135. Exocentrus submisellus sp. n.

Proche de misellus Lameere, mais l’épine latérale du pronotum précédée d’une
bosse latérale obtuse, les élytres moins finement ponctués, non sérialement disposés
sur le quart sutural, les taches élytrales sensiblement moins nombreuses et ainsi
situées plus éloignées l’une de |’autre.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/3.

Type de Sumatra: Serdang, Aes bee ern leg. Dr. B. Hagen, au Muséum
de Leiden.

136. Exocentrus sumatrensis Fisher

Exocentrus sumatrensis Fisher, 1927, Suppl. Ent. 15 : 83.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois et demie plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale
pointue dirigée vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur les
deux tiers antérieurs, les points peu réguliérement alignés.

Rouge foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence gris blanchatre. Elytres revétus
de pubescence brun rougeatre foncé et ornés de petites taches quadrangulaires
blanches, rangées en forme de sept séries longitudinales sur chacun, ces séries de
taches interrompues sur l’emplacement d’une bande transversale postmédiane
ondulée. Le tiers apical des tibias et les tarses brun noir. La partie basilaire des
articles antennaires a partir du troisiéme a pubescence gris clair.

Long.: 4-4 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/2-2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de Sumatra: Medan, au Musée de Washington.—Merang
(British Muséum).

137. Exocentrus sumatranus Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) sumatranus Breuning, 1956, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 68 : 249.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale mince et pointue, faiblement recourbée.
Elytras densément et finement ponctués, les points, sauf dans le quart sutural,
sérialement disposés.

Rouge, couvert d’une pubescence brun rougedtre. Le bord antérieur et le bord
postérieur du pronotum d’un rouge clair. Ecusson 4 pubescence jaune. Chaque
élytre orné de nombreuses petites taches jaunes nettes de forme oblongue, disposées

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 277

de facon a former une bande prémédiane remontant obliquement de la suture ne
direction de l’épaule et une étroite bande postmédiane transversale ondulée, ces
deux bandes reliées par trois rangées de petites taches; une autre rangée de taches
longe la suture dans le tiers apical, enfin quelques unes de ces taches se trouvent sur
le disque avant l’apex. Mboitié basilaire des tibias d’un rouge clair. Antennes a
pubescence brun rougeatre foncé.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de Sumatra: Si-Rambé, au Musée de Génes.

138. Exocentrus costatus sp. n.

Antennes comparativement fines, un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme
article un peu moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus
longs que les joues. Pronotum deux fois et demie plus large que long, pourvu d’une
longue épine latérale pointue, dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére et précédée de
deux petites proéminences anguleuses. Elytres densément et assez grossiérement
ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs, les points, sauf au quart sutural, sérialement
disposés, ces séries séparées par des intervalles faiblement convexes.

Brun foncé, la moitié latérale de chaque élytre et tout le quart apical, rouges et
couverts d’une éparse pubescence jaune pale. Ecusson 4 dense pubescence jaune
pale.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/2.

Type un individu de Sumatra: Deli, au Musée de Leiden.

139. Exocentrus cyaneus sp. n.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois et demie plus longs que les
joues. Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une longue épine latérale mince
et pointue, dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres trés densément et assez
grossiérement ponctués, les points assez réguliérement alignés.

Noir, les élytres bleu métallique.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/2.

Type de sur un individu de Sumatra: Palembang, au Musée de Leiden.

140. Exocentrus kalshoveni Fisher
Exocentrus kalshoveni Fisher, 1934, Stylops, 3 : 36, 39.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une assez longue et mince épine latérale pointue,
dirigée obliquement vers I‘arriére. Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués
sur les trois quarts antérieurs, plus ou moins sérialement disposés.

Brun rougeatre, couvert d’une pubescence jaune blanchatre. Elytres revétus de
pubescence brune et ornés de bandes longitudinales blanchatres, plus ou moins

278 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

confluentes sur la moitié latérale et largement interrompues aprés le milieu. Anten-
nes brun foncé, le scape et la base des premiers articles suivants a pubescence jaune
pale.

Long.: 5-5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2-2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur des individus de Java: Rembang, au Musée de Washington.

141. Exocentrus javaensis sp. n.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les
joues. Pronotum transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue fortement
recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur les quatre cinquiémes
antérieurs, les points sérialement disposés sauf le quart sutural.

Rouge, les antennes rouge foncé. Ecusson a pubescence jaune pale. Elytres
parsemés de petites taches jaune pale peu nombreuses, ces taches agglomérées
en forme de deux bandes transversales, une postbasilaire remontant obliquement en
direction de l’épaule et une médiane fortement ondulée.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Type de Java: Bantam, iv.1934, leg. J. J. Voet, au Musée de Leiden.

142. Exocentrus gedeensis sp. n.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article 4 peine moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux plus de trois fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une longue épine latérale pointue
fortement recourbée et précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres peu densément
et finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs, les points réguliérement alignés.

Rouge, revétu d’une fine pubescence jaunatre, condensée sur le pronotum pour
former une bande longitudinale médiane. Elytres revétus de pubescence brun
rougeatre, parsemés sur la moitié antérieure de taches oblongues jaunes, rangées
sérialement et allant prés de la suture jusqu’au tiers apical, et ornés, chacun, de
deux bandes transversales ondulées jaunes, une médiane et une préapicale, cette
derniére interrompue par quelques petites taches circulaires dénudées. Antennes
a pubescence brun rougeatre, la base des articles 4 partir du troisiéme a pubescence
jaunatre.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/2.

Type de Java: Mt. Gedé, 27.xii.1932, leg. L. G. F. Kalshoven, au Musée de
Leiden.

143. Exocentrus drescheri Fisher
Exocentrus drescheri Fisher, 1934, Stylops, 3 : 36, 41.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
faiblement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués dans les trois quarts antérieurs, les
points sérialement disposés sauf sur le quart sutural.

—————— ——

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 279

Brun foncé, couvert d’une trés fine pubescence grise. Elytres revétus de pubescence
brun rougeatre et ornés de nombreuses étroites taches allongées blanchatres.

Long.: 3 mm. 3/4-4 mm.; Larg.: I-I mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur des individus de Java: Batoerraden, au Musée de Washington.

144. Exocentus hirtus Fisher
Exocentrus hirtus Fisher, 1925, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 28 : 245.

Antennes de moitié plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez
longue épine latérale pointue, dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément
et peu finement ponctués presque jusqu’a l’apex, les points sérialement disposés.

Brun rougeatre, couvert de pubescence jaune pale. Elytres revétus de pubescence
brune et parsemés de petites taches jaune pale rangées en séries longitudinales mais
réduites sur l’emplacement d’une tache discale postmédiane. Antennes a pubescence
brun rougedtre la pubescence un peu plus claire sur la base des articles a partir
du troisiéme.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de Borneo: Sandakan, au Musée de Washington.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

145. Exocentrus subglaber Fisher
Exocentrus subglaber Fisher, 1925, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 28 : 238.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une longue
épine latérale conique et pointue, dirigée vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et assez
grossiérement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs, les points sérialement disposés,
moins reguliérement aprés l’écusson et prés du bord latéral.

Noir, couvert d’une trés éparse pubescence grise. Elytres revétus de pubescence
brun jaunatre, le tiers sutural rouge foncé, garni de poils dressés noirs.

Long.: 4 mm. 1/2 ; Larg.: 1 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu de Borneo: Sandakan, au Musée de Washington.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

146. Exocentrus humeralis Aurivillius
Xaenapta humeralis Aurivillius, 1922, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 65 : 168.

Antennes comparativement fines, un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme
article un peu moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus
longs que les joues. Pronotum plus de deux fois plus large que long, 4 ponctuation
trés fine et extrémement dense, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue et recour-
bée, rapprochée de la base et de trois trés petites proéminences latérales situées
toutes entre cette épine et le bord antérieur. Elytres trés densément et peu finement
ponctués, les points subalignés.

280 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Brun foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence brun grisatre. Sur chaque élytre
une grande tache humérale qui s’étend presque jusqu’au milieu, mais reste assez
distante de la suture et une grande tache apicale qui s’étend plus en avant 4a la
marge externe qu’a la suture, sont rouges et demunies de pubescence. Pattes et
antennes a pubescence brun foncé.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de Nord Palawan Binaluan, au Musée de Leiden.

147. Exocentrus binaluensis Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) binaluensis Breuning, 1956, Ark. f. Zool. (N.s.) 9, No. 12, : 358.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que lesjoues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale conique et pointue,
dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués,
les points sérialement disposés dans les trois quarts antérieurs.

Brun foncé. Pronotum rouge. Elytres rouge foncé et ornés de nombreuses
trés petites taches blanches peu nettes, rangées sur chacun en neuf séries longi-
tudinales.

Long.: 3 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur un individu de Nord Palawan: Ile Binaluan, au Riksmuseum de
de Stockholm.—De nombreux exemplaires au Musée de Leiden.

148. Exocentrus basilanus Breuning
Exocentrus (Camptomyme) basilanus Breuning, 1956, Ark. f. Zool. (N.S.) 9, No. 12 : 358.

Antennes d’un tiers plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale conique
et pointue, dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et assez finement
ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs, les points plus ou moins réguliérement disposés
en séries longitudinales.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une trés éparse pubescence grise.” Pronotum rouge, a
pubescence roussedtre. Ecusson a pubescence blanchatre. Elytres revétus de
pubescence brun foncé et ornés au tiers apical d’une courte et assez large bande
transversale ochracée descendant obliquement de la suture en direction de la marge
externe, ainsi que d’une bande transversale prémédiane blanchatre ondulée peu
peu apparente.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu des Philippines : Ile Basilan, au Riksmuseum de Stockholm.

149. Exocentrus angusticollis Fisher

Exocentrus angusticollis Fisher, 1925, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 28 : 248.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Prono-

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 281

tum transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués dans les trois quarts antérieurs, les
points sérialement disposés sauf sur le quart sutural.

Rouge, couvert d’une trés fine pubescence grise. Elytres ornés de petites taches
gris clair, disposées en forme de deux bandes transversales peu apparentes, une
postbasilaire et une juste aprés le milieu.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur un individu de I’Ile Mindanao: Dapitan, au Musée de Washington.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

150. Exocentrus philippinensis nom. nov.
Camptomyme philippinus Fisher, 1925, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 28 : 271.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Lones inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une é€pine latérale pointue faiblement
recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés
sauf sur le quart sutural.

Tete et pronotum et hanches eee. Elytres bleu métalliques. Dessous,
pattes et antennes noires.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2-5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/4-I mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur des individus de |’Ile de Luzon sous le nom de philippinus. Ce nom
étant préoccupé je le change en philippinensis : Mt. Banahao, au Musée de Washing-
ton.—N. W. Panay (Fisher). C’est l’espéce que Heller a identifié a calliozdes
Pascoe.

var. transeuns Breuning

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) philippinus Fisher var. transeuns Breuning, 1957, Ent. NachrBl.
Osterr. u. schweiz. Ent. 8, No. 3: 12.

Comme la forme typique, mais la strie suturale et une large bande longitudinale
subsuturale sur chaque élytre sont d’un rouge clair.
Philippines: Pobentoe (coll. Tippmann).

var. unicolor Fisher
Camptomyme philippinus var. unicolor Fisher, 1925, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 28 : 271.

Comme la forme typique, mais les élytres entiérement rouges.
Ile Mindanao: Davao (Fisher).

151. Exocentrus insularis (Fisher)
Camptomyme insularis Fisher, 1925, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 28 : 273.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, faiblement

282 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés
sauf sur le quart sutural.

Téte, pronotum et écusson brun jaunatre. Elytres brun noir et ornés de bandes
longitudinales grises interrompues par places. Dessous brun noir, jaunatre le long
de la ligne médiane.

Décrit sur un individu de l’Ile Sibuyan au Musée de Washington.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

152. Exocentrus callioides (Pascoe)
Camptomyme callioides Pascoe, 1864, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 3: 44.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que lesjoues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale trés pointue, dirigée obliquement
en, arriére. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés
sauf sur le quart sutural.

Téte et pronotum rouges. Elytres violet métalliques. Dessous, pattes et antennes
noirs a pubescence brun noir.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de |’Ile Aru au British Museum.

153. Exocentrus bicolor (Pascoe)
Camptomyme bicolor Pascoe, 1864, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 3: 44, pl. 3, fig. 10.

Proche de callioides Pasc., mais les lobes inférieurs aussi longs que les joues,
les élytres ponctués plus densément, les points disposés sérialement aussi sur le
quart sutural, les élytres noirs.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu de |’Ile Batchian au British Muséum.

154. Exocentrus tristis (Pascoe)
Camptomyme tristis Pascoe, 1864, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 3: 44.

Proche de callioides Pascoe, mais plus petit, les lobes inférieurs des yeux aussi

longs que les joues, les élytres ponctués plus densément, tout le corps d’une couleur —

pourpre unicolore et couvert d’une éparse et fine pubescence gris blanchatre.
Long.: 2mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/4.
Décrit sur un individu de |’Ile de Batchian au British Muséum.

155. Exocentrus miselloides Breuning

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) miselloides Breuning, 1956, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 68 : 250. —

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 283

Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale
pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres peu densément et peu finement ponctués
dans les trois quarts antérieurs, les points sérialement disposés.

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence brun rougeatre. Sur chaque élytre de nom-
breuses taches quadrangulaires jaune pale situées en forme d’une large bande trans-
versale qui s’élargit latéralement vers l’avant jusqu’a l’épaule et sétendent ensuite
sur tout le tiers apical. Tiers apical des tibias et les tarses brun foncé.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de Nouvelle Guinée: Ighibirei, au Musée de Génes.—
Queensland : Cairns (British Muséum).

156. Exocentrus acutispina Fairmaire

Exocentrus acutispina Fairmaire, 1881, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (6) 1: 482.

Neosciadella acutispina Dillon & Dillon, 1942, Bull. Bern. Bish. Mus., No. 206, p. 111.

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) acutispina Fairmaire, Breuning, 1958, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg.
34, No. 22 : 40.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux cinq fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum trés transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale conique et pointue, fortement
recourbée. Elytres trés densément et peu finement ponctués sur les deux tiers
antérieurs, les points sérialement disposés.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence d’un gris assez foncé. Elytres revétus de
pubescence brun foncé, parsemés sur plus de leur tiers anterieur de petites taches
jaunes serrées, rangées en nombreuses séries longitudinales et agglomérées en une
bande transversale ondulée située un peu avant le milieu, et parsemés sur le restant
de leur surface de trés petites taches jaunes rangées, sur chacun, sous forme de
quatre séries longitudinales. En plus, sur chaque élytre une large bande transversale
préapicale ochracée qui descend obliquement de la suture en direction de la marge
externe. Moitié basilaire des articles 3 et 4 et l’extréme base des articles 5 a Io
a pubescence jaune pale.

Long.: 5-6 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/3-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu des Iles Fidji au Muséum de Paris (indication erronée).—
Répandu par la Nouvelle Guinée, |’Ile Fergusson, Les Thursday Islands et le Queens-
land (Muséum de Paris, de Leiden etc.).

157. Exocentrus ciliatissimus Gressitt
Exocentrus ciliatissimus Gressitt, 1956, Ins. of Micron,, 17/2 : 156, fig. 25, b.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue assez
longue, dirigée presque directement vers l’arriére. Elytres assez densément et
finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés.

Brun rougeatre, couvert de pubescence gris blanchatre, éparse au milieu de
pronotum et sur les cétés de son disque. Elytres avec des taches brun rougeatre

284 REVISION DU GENRE RXOCENTRUS MULSANT

floues sur la région basilaire et sur la région postmédiane. Moitié apicale des articles
antennaires a partir du troisiéme, 4 pubescence brun foncé.

Long.: 4mm. 1/4; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus des Iles Palau, Caroline Islands.

3. EXOCENTRUS SovusGENRE CENTENEXOCENTRUS Breuning

Exocentrus Sousgenre Centenexocentrus Breuning. 1957, Bull. Inst. voy. Sci. nat. Belg. 33,
No. 8:17,

Troisiéme article des antennes un peu moins long que le quatri¢me, non plus long
que le scape. Elytres arrondis a l’apex.
Type: centenes Pascoe.

158. Exocentrus hispidulus Pascoe

Exocentrus hispidulus Pascoe, 1859, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 5:37; 1864, Trans. ent. Soc.
Lond. (3) 3: 29.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article 4 peu prés aussi
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue,
modérément recourbée. Elytres peu densément et finement ponctués jusqu’un peu
au dela du milieu, les points sérialement disposés.

Fic. 3. Exocentrus hispidulus Pascoe.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 285

Rouge, couvert de pubescence brun rougeatre. Disque du pronotum avec deux
grandes taches circulaires jaunes et avec une bande longitudinale linéiforme jaunatre.
Ecusson a4 pubescence jaune. Elytres parsemés de petites taches jaunatres ou blan-
chatres rangées sur chacun en sept séries longitudinales et formant une étroite bande
transversole ondulée médiane. Quelquesunes de ces taches sont plus grandes et
toujours jaunes: une postbasilaire discale et plusieures sur le quart apical. Scape
d’un rouge assez clair. Partie basilaire des articles antennaires 3 a 6 a pubescence
jaune grisatre.

Long.: 5-6 mm.; Larg. 2-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu des Iles Aru au British Muséum.—Nouvelle Guinée :
Dorey (British Muséum); Andai, Ighibirei (Musée de Génes) ; Thursday Island
(Muséum de Paris) ; Iles Saylee et Mysol (Pascoe).

159. Exocentrus neopomerianus Breuning

Exocentrus (Camptomyme) neopomerianus Breuning, 1957, Ent. NachrBl. ésterr. u. schweiz. Ent.
meas. 3; 12.

Proche de hispidulus Pascoe, mais le troisiéme article des antennes sensiblement
moins long que le scape, le pronotum encore sensiblement plus large, pourvu d’une
épine latérale sensiblement plus longue, la téte et le pronotum couverts d’une fine
pubescence jaune blanchatre, le pronotum sans taches jaunes, la partie basilaire des
articles antennaires 3 a 10 a pubescence jaune blanchatre.

Décrit sur un individu de Nouvelle Pomeranie : Mope dans la coll. Tippmann.

160. Exocentrus hispiduloides Breuning

_ Exocentrus (Camptomyme) hispiduloides Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No.
® 8: Io.

Proche de /ispidulus Pascoe, mais l’épine latérale du pronotum plus longue, les
élytres ponctués jusqu’un peu au dela des trois quarts antérieurs, le pronotum vague-
ment marbré de jaunatre, mais sans taches discales jaunes, les taches élytrales un
peu plus grandes, moins apparentes et moins nettes.

Décrit sur un individu de Célebés : Makassar au British Muséum.—Pascoe avait
confondu cette espéce avec son ispidulus,

161. Exocentrus seriatopunctatus Aurivillius
Exocentrus ? seviatopunctatus Aurivillius, 1922, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 65 : 167.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale
pointue, dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et peu finement
ponctués sur les quatre cinquiémes antérieurs, les points sérialement disposés.

Rouge clair. Elytres marbrés de gris, sauf sur l’emplacement d’une large bande
postmédiane n’atteignant pas la suture, et parsemés de petites taches brunes. Des-

souse parsemé de petites taches glabres. Fémurs légérement rembrunis. Les articles ~
antennaires a partir du troisiéme a pubescence un peu plus claire.

Long. : 4 mm. 1/4-5 mm. 3/4; Larg.; I mm. 3/4-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus des Iles Key au Riksmuseum de Stockholm et au Musée
de Leiden.—Aurivillius cite pour cette espéce aussi l’Ile Binaluan, mais ces exemp- —
laires de cette espéce appartiennent a mindanaoensis Fisher. ,

286 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

162. Exocentrus mindanaoensis Fisher
Exocentrus mindanaoensis Fisher, 1925, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 28 : 239.

Trés proche de seriatopunctatus Aurivillius, amis les lobes inférieurs des yeux |
seulement deux fois plus longs que les joues, l’épine latérale du pronotum dirigée
directement vers l’arriére, la couleur fondamentale du corps d’un brun rougeatre,
celle de la téte noiratre, le bord antérieur et le bord postérieur du pronotum et la
partie apicale des élytres d’une rouge plus clair.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Ile de Mindanao: Davao.—Zamboanga, Iligan —
(Fisher), au Musée de Washington et de Leiden. ; Kolambugan (coll. Tippmann) ;
Ile Binaluan (Aurivillius). —

163. Exocentrus centenes Pascoe
Exocentrus centenes Pascoe, 1864, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 3: 29.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisi¢éme article sensiblement
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux fois et demie plus longs que les
joues. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une €pine latérale pointue
fortement recourbée. Elytres peu densément et trés finement ponctués dans les
deux tiers antérieurs, les points réguliérement alignés.

Rouge, couvert d’une trés fine pubescence blanchatre. Elytres parsemés de taches
dénudées minimes. Sur chaque élytre une trés grande tache postmédiane latérale
dénudée qui atteint presque la suture. Tiers apical des tibias 4 pubescence brun
foncé. Antennes a pubescence brun rougeatre.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur des individus de I’Ile de Batjan et de I’Ile de Flores, au British Muséum.

164. Exocentrus centenoides sp. n.

Proche de centenes Pascoe, mais les élytres ponctués presque jusqu’a l’apex, le
tiers apical des tibias sans pubescence brun foncé, la base des articles antennaires
a partir du troisiéme a pubescence gris blanchatre.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 2/3.

Type de Sumatra: Ranvas, v.1878, au Musée de Leiden.

165. Exocentrus artocarpi Fisher : j
Exocentrus artocarpi Fisher, 1934, Stylops, 3 : 36, 40. |
Antennes presque de moitié plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu {

moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois et demie nee longs F

Ps
3

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 287

que les joues. Pronotum faiblement transverse, extrément finement granulé,
pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale conique pointue, dirigée obliquement
vers l’arriére. Elytres peu densément et finement ponctués sur les trois quarts
antérieurs, les points sérialement disposés.

Brun rougeatre foncé couvert de pubescence gris blanchatre, entremélé de brun
sur le pronotum et sur les élytres. Pronotum avec une étroite bande longitudinale
médiane blanchatre. Elytres ornés de nombreuses taches irréguliéres blanchatres
qui manquent seulement sur l’emplacement d’une assez grande tache latérale post-
médiane.

Long. : 3 mm. 3/4-4 mm. 3/4; Larg.: I mm. 1/4-I mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur des individus de Java: Buitenzoorg, au Musée de Washington.—
Samarang (Fisher).

166. Exocentrus rufobasiantennalis Breuning

Exocentrus (Centenexocentrus) rufobasiantennalis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. voy. Sc. nat. Belg.
33, No. 8: 16.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps, le troisieme un peu moins long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale transverse pointue, faiblement re-
courbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points subalignés.

Rouge foncé, élytres, pattes et deux premiers articles antennaires rouge clair.
Ecusson a pubescence blanchatre. Elytres revétus d’une trés fine et trés éparse
pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Tonkin: Riviére Claire, a l’Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.

167. Exocentrus bicoloripennis Breuning

Exocentrus (Centenexocentrus) bicoloripennis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33,
No. 8: 15.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement
moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les
joues. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez longue épine
latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur
lex deux tiers anterieurs, et parsemés de nombreuses, granules minimes, les points
sérialement disposés.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence brun rougeatre. Moitié suturale de l’élytre
sur les deux tiers antérieurs noire et revétue d’une fine pubescence gris foncé. Antennes
a pubescence brun foncé.

Long.: 4 mm. 1/2-5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu du Tonkin: Cho-ganh, a l'Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.

288 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

4. EXOCENTRUS SousGENRE BARBIEREXOCENTRUS nov.

Troisiéme article des antennes beaucoup moins long que le quatriéme, un peu plus
long que le scape. Elytres arrondis a l’apex, pourvus de points sérialement disposés.
Type Exocentrus barbtert Pic.

168. Exocentrus barbieri Pic

Exocentrus barbieri Pic, 191, Dis. Ent. 9: 8.

Antennes de moitié plus longues que le corps. Lobes inférieurs des yeux presque —

deux fois plus longs que les joues. Téte et pronotum a ponctuation extrémement
dense et extrémement fine. Pronotum transverse, pourvu d’une assez petite épine
latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les
points sérialement disposés.

Brun foncé, couvert de fine pubescence grise. Le bord antérieur et le bord pos-
térieur du pronotum, les genoux, les tarses, les deux premiers articles antennaires et
la base des articles suivants, rouges. Elytres couverts de pubescence blanchatre 4
l'exception d’une tache allongée postscutellaire et de deux bandes transversales

assez larges qui n’atteignant pas la suture, une prémédiane et une préapicale, ces

taches et bandes brun foncé. Antennes a pubescence d’un brun assez foncé.
Long.: 3-4 mm.; Larg.: 3/4-1 mm.
Décrit sur des individus de Cochin chine: Saigon, dans la coll. Pic.

5. EXOCENTRUS SovusGENRE WOODLARK EXOCENTRUS BREUNING

Exocentrus Sousgenre Woodlarkexocentrus Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33,

No. 8: 16.

Troisiéme article des antennes sensiblement moins long que le quatriéme, sensi-
blement plus long que le scape. Elytres arrondis 4 l’apex, pourvus de points disposés
sans ordre.

Type: Exocentrus woodlarkianus Breuning.

169. Exocentrus woodlarkianus Breuning

Exocentrus (Woodlarkexocentrus) woodlarkianus Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg.
33, No: 8:16.

Antennes trés fines, cassées chez le type au quatriéme article, qui atteint avec son

apex le milieu des élytres. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les”

joues. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez longue épine
latérale conique et trés pointue, assez fortement recourbés. Elytres densément et
trés finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence jaune paille et garni de longs poils dressés_

noirs. Elytres parsemés de quelques taches brunes minimes. Sur chaque élytre une

ieee

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 289

grande tache latérale quadrangulaire médiane brun foncé et une tache quadrangulaire
préapicale brun foncé plus grande encore qui remonte un peu en direction de la suture.
Pattes et scape rouge clair, les rémurs avec un anneau préapical brun.

Long.: 4mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu de l’Ile de Woodlark a l’Institue Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.

6. EXOCENTRUS SousGENRE PSEUDOCENTRUS FatIrRMAIRE

Pseudocentrus Fairmaire, 1901, Rev. d’Ent. 20 : 230.
Exocentrus Sousgenre Pseudocentrus Lepesme & Breuning, 1955, Bull. Soc. ent. France, 40: 127.

Troisiéme article des antennes un peu plus long que le quatriéme. Elytres arrondis
a l’apex.
Type: Exocentrus reticulatus Fairmaire.

170. Exocentrus sumbawanus Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) sumbawanus Breuning, 1957, Ent. NachrBl. ésterr. u. schweiz. Ent’
B; No. 3: 13.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue dirigée
obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués sur les trois
quarts antérieurs, les points plus ou moins sérialement disposés.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une pubescence gris jaunatre. Elytres parsemés de trés
nombreuses taches jaune pale sérialement disposées et couvrant la presque totalité

de la surface a l’exception d’une large bande transversale postmédiane brun rouge-

atre foncé qui n’atteint pas la suture. Antennes a partir du troisiéme article revétues

saud a la base des articles, d’une pubescence brun foncé.

Décrit sur un individu de l’Ile Sumbawa a la coll. Tippmann.

171. Exocentrus tectonae Fisher
Exocentrus tectonae Fisher, 1934, Stylops, 3 : 36.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisi¢éme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum forte-

_ ment transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue dirigée vers l’arriére.

Elytres assez densément et peu finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs.

Brun, couvert de pubescence jaune blanchatre. Elytres revétus de pubescence
brun rougeatre et parsemés de petites taches jaune blanchatre floues, rangées en séries
et condensées en forme d’une bande transversale médiane ondulée, les taches plus
éparses dans la moitié apicale des élytres. Partie basilaire des articles antennaires
a partir du troisiéme 4 pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 4mm. 1/2-5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 3/4-2 mm. 1/4.

ENTOM, 7. 5. 16

290 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Décrit sur des individus de Java : Samarang et Rembang, au Musée de Washington
et de Buitenzorg. D’autres exemplaires au Musée de Leiden.

172. Exocentrus actinophorae Fisher

Exocentrus actinophorae Fisher, 1934, Stylops, 3 : 36, 38.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que
le scape. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez longue épine
conique et pointue, dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére et précédée d’une bosse latérale
obtuse peu accentuée. Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués sur les trois
quarts antérieurs.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une pubescence jaune blanchatre entremélée de brun clair
sur le pronotum. Elytres revétus de pubescence brune et ornés de taches blanchatres
oblongues floues, taches qui font défaut sur l’emplacement d’une large bande trans-
versale postmédiane. Partie basilaire des articles antennaires 4 partir du troisiéme a
pubescence gris clair.

Long. : 3 mm. 1/2-5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/2-2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur des individus de Java: Sensarang, Madioen et Rembang, au Msuée de
Washington et de Buitenzorg.—D’autres exemplaires au Musée de Leiden.

173. Exocentrus blotei sp. n.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux presque quatre fois plus longs que les joues. —
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale —
pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres trés densément et peu finement ponctués sur —
les quatre cinquiémes antérieurs, les points sérialement disposée.

Brun rougeatre foncé, couvert de pubescence pareille.

Long.: 5mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 2/3. .

Type de N. O. Sumatra: Serdang, Tandjong-Morawa, leg. Dr. B. Hagen, au —
Musée de Leiden. |

174. Exocentrus rufohumeralis Breuning
Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) rufohumeralis Breuning, 1957, Ent. NachrBl., Wien, 8, No. 3: 13.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le —
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue,
dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres trés densément et peu finement ponctués. —

Noir. Elytres d’un bleu foncé métallique. Sur chaque élytre une grande tache
humeérale et une grande tache apicale, rouge clair. Dessous du corps et pattes a fine ~
pubescence grise.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de N.O. Sumatra: Tebing-Tinggi, a la coll. Tippmann.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 291

175. Exocentrus parterufipennis Breuning
Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) parterufipennis Breuning, 1956, Ark. f. Zool. (N.s.) 9, No. 12 : 358.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue dirigée oblique-
ment vers l’arriére, précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres densément et assez
finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs, les points sérialement disposés.

Noir, couvert d’une fine et éparse pubescence gris foncé; la moitié latérale de
V’élytre, sauf dans la partie médiane est d’un rouge assez clair.

Long.: 4 mm.; Larg.; I mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu de l’Ile Mindanao: Kolambugan, au Riksmuseum de
Stockholm.

176. Exocentrus mindoroensis Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) mindoroensis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33,
No. 8: 12.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, aplati sur les cétes, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue
fortement recourbée. Elytres peu densément et assez finement ponctués, les points
sérialement disposés.

Brun noir. Téte, pronotum et écusson rouge clair. Elytres et antennes couverts
de pubescence brun foncé et garnis de poils dressés noirs. Dessous du corps et pattes
revétus de pubescence gris jaunatre.

Long.: 6mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de |’Ile Mindoro a l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles
Belgique.

177. Exocentrus mindoroanus Breuning
Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) mindoroanus Breuning, 1957, Ent. NachrBl., Wien, 8, No. 3 : 13.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum plus
de deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale triangulaire pointue,
dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués,
les points sérialement disposés.

Rouge foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence gris blanchatre. Elytres revétus d’une
pubescence d’un brun grisdtre foncé et parsemés dans la moitié antérieure ainsi que
sur le tiers apical de taches gris blanchatres floues, rangées, sur chacun, en six séries
longitudinales. Antennes 4 pubescence brun rougeatre foncé.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu dé l’Ile Mindoro: Calapan, 4 la coll. Tippmann.

292 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

178. Exocentrus celebicus Breuning
Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) celebicus Breuning, 1956, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 68 : 249.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, éparsément et extrémement finement granulé et pourvu
d’une petite épine latérale pointue dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére, précédée d’une
bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points sérialement
quoique peu réguliérement disposés.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence gris blanchatre. Elytres revétus de pubescence
brun rougeatre et parsemés dans la moitié antérieure et sur le tiers apical de taches
gris blanchatres peu apparentes rangées, sur chacun, en six séries longitudinales.
Antennes a partir du cinquiéme article revétues de pubescence d’un brun assez foncé.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur un individu de Célebés : Kandelari, au Musée de Génes.

179. Exocentrus guttulatus Bates

Exocentrus guttulatus Bates, 1873, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 12 : 385.
Exocentrus guttulatus Matsushita, 1933, Journ. Fac. Agr. Hokkh. 34 : 396.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long ~
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois et demie plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue assez forte-
ment recourbée. Elytres trés densément et trés finement ponctués sur les quatre
cinquiémes antérieurs.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Elytres souvent rouges a pube-—
scence brun rougeatre, parsemés de nombreuses petites taches jaunes ou gris jaunatres
disposées en séries longitudinales et agglomérées dans la partie apicale ainsi qu’en —
forme d’une bande médiane transversale peu large. Base des fémurs et des tibias
souvent rougeatre. Antennes souvent rougeatres, le tiers basilaire des articles anten-
naires trois et quatre et l’extréme base des articles 5-8 4 pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 6-7 mm.; Larg.: 2-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit par Bates sur un individu du Japon au Muséum de Paris.—Iles Hokkaido, —
Hondo et Shikoku (Matsushita).

Subspecies alboguttatus Fisher
Exocentrus alboguitatus Fisher, 1925, Philipp. Journ. Sc., 28 : 240.

Comme la forme typique, mais les taches claires des élytres plus petites et non —
agglomérées dans la partie apicale des élytres.

Décrit sur des individus de |’Ile Mindanao: Davao au Musée de Washington.—
Ile Luzon: Los Banos et Ile Sibuyan (Fisher) ; Ile Basilan (Riksmuseum de Stock-
holm) ; Iles Palawan (Musée de Leiden).

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 293

Subspecies subconjunctus Gressitt

Exocentrus alboguttatus Fisher subspecies subconjunctus Gressitt, 1940, Philipp. Journ. Sc.
72: 184; 1951, Longicornia, 2,: 526.

Comme la forme typique, mais les taches claires des élytres un peu plus grandes et
partiellement subconfluentes surtout dans la moitié basilaire, mais non agglomérées
dans la partie apicale des élytres.

Ile Hainan (Gressitt).

Subspecies obscurior Pic
Exocentrus guttulatus Bates var. obscurior Pic 1929, Mél. exot. ent. 53 : 30.

Comme la forme typique, mais les élytes ponctués un peu moins finement, a
coloration fondamentale brun foncé, les taches claires plus petites non agglomérées
dans la région apicale, la bande transversale médiane plus étroite, plus nette et plus
ondulée. Couleur fondamentale des antennes brun noir.

Décrit sur des individus du Tonkin a la coll. Pic—Hoa-Binh (Muséum de Paris);
_ Bhutan (zdem).

Var. rufescens Pic

Exocentrus guttulatus Bates var. rufescens Pic, 1929, Mél. exot. ent. 53: 30; Longicornia, 1951,
2: 526.

Comme ssp. obscurior Pic, mais tout le corps a coloration fondamentale rouge,
la pubescence des élytres d’un brun rougeatre.

Décrit sur un individu de Chine 4 la coll. Pic—Tonkin : Hoa-Binh (Muséum de
Paris) ; Bhutan (idem) ; Iles Andamanes (British Muséum); Sumatra: Serdang
(Musée de Leiden).

180. Exocentrus immaculatus Gressitt
Exocentrus immaculatus Gressitt, 1951, Longicornia, 2 : 525, 529.

Antennes d’un tiers plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine apicale pointue assez forte-
ment recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points disposés
subsérialement.

Brun rougeatre. Elytres jaune rougedtre et couverts de pubescence jaune pale.
Sur chaque élytre sept séries longitudinales de trés petites taches circulaires
dénudées.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu de |’Ile de Formose: Kuraru, dans la coll. Gressitt.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

294 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT |

181. Exocentrus rufithorax Gressitt

Exocentrus rufithorax Gressitt, 1935, Trans. nat. Hist. soc. Formosa, 25 : 286; 1951, Longicornia,

2: 526.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux plus de trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum ~
presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une latérale mince et pointue, dirigée
vers l’arriére. Elytres assez finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs et garnis
de longs poils dressés.

Noir. Pronotum rouge foncé. Les joues partiellement et les mandibules rouge-
Atres. Elytres avec des taches brun rougedtres trés peu apparentes et disposés
s¢rialement sur la base et sur le bord latéral.

Long.: 4mm. 3/4; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un exemplaire de 1’Ile de Formose : Piana Ambu, dans la coll. Gressitt.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

182. Exocentrus fisheri Gressitt
Exocentrus fisheri Gressitt, 1935, Kontyu, 9: 175.

Antennes de moitié plus longues que le corps (g) ou d’un tiers plus longues
(2), le troisiéme article un peu moins long que le scape. Pronotum transverse,
pourvu d’une longue épine latérale pointue dirigée vers l’arriére. Elytres densément
et peu finement ponctués, les points subalignés.

Noir. Elytres d’un brun rouge clair, la moitié suturale sur les deux tiers antérieurs,
brun foncé.

Long. : 2-2mm.1/4; Larg.: 2/3-3/4 mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Japon: Ile Hokkaido, Sapporo dans la coll. Gressitt.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

183. Exocentrus saitoi Matsushita

Exocentrus saitoi Matsushita, 1935, Trans. nat. Hist. soc. Formosa, 25 : 313, fig. 1.
Exocentrus saitoi Gressitt, 1951, Longicornia, 2 : 526.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps. Pronotum fortement transverse,
pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et
extrémement finement ponctués.

Noir. Elytres bruns. Téte, dessous du corps, pattes et la partie basilaire des articles
antennaires a partir du troisiéme, a fine pubescence grise.

Long.: 8 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 3 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un exemplaire de Corée: Saigen, dans la coll. Matsushita.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

184. Exocentrus dalbergianus Gressitt
Exocentrus dalbergianus Gressitt, 1951, Longicornia, 2 : 527, 528, pl. 19, fig. 9.

Antennes d’un tiers plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pro-

b)*

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 295

notum presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue
fortement recourbée. Elytres assez densément et finement ponctués, les points
sérialement disposés sauf au quart sutural.

Noir, couvert de pubescence gris blanchatre. Sur chaque élytre trois bandes
transversales noires, une basilaire, une postmédaine et une apicale, la postmédiane
n’atteignant pas la suture.

Long.: 6mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de Chine : Province Hupeh, Lichuan District de l’ Académie
de Californie.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés sa description.

188. Exocentrus zikaweiensis Savio
Exocentrus zikaweiensis Savio, 1929, Nat. Ent. chin. 3: 3; Gressit, 1951, Longicornia, 2 : 525.
Exocentrus zikaweiensis Gressit, 1951, Longicornia, 2: 525.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, fortement re-
courbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués.

Noir elytres jaune rougeatre, revétus de fine pubescence jaune et garnis de poils
dressés noirs.

Long.: 5-8 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 3/4-2 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur des individus de Chine: Zikawei sur Gleditschia sinensis.

Je ne connais cette espéce que d’aprés la description.

186. Exocentrus theresae Pic
Exocentrus theresae Pic, 1929, Echange, 55, No. 476: 4; Gressitt, 1951, Longicornia, 2 : 526.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale obtuse, fortement recourbée.
Elytres trés densément et trés finement ponctués.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une pubescence d’un brun assez foncé. Le bord antérieur
et le bord postérieur du pronotum rougeatre. Pronotum avec une bande longitu-
dinale linéiforme médiane blanchatre. Elytres revétus de pubescence brun rouge-
Atre foncé et ornés de trois bandes transversales blanches, une prémédiane €largie
en direction de la marge externe, une médiane ondulée et une préapicale fortement
ondulée. Antennes rougeatres, 4 pubescence brun rougeatre, la base des articles a
partir du troisiéme a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu de Chine: Pékin dans la coll. Pic.

187. Exocentrus ruficolor Pic
Exocentrus ruficolor Pic, 1944, Opusc. Mart. 13 : 13.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues. Pronotum

296 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, fortement recourbée.
Elytres assez densément et finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs, les
points sérialement disposés.

Rouge, le tiers apical de tibias et les tarses brun foncé.

Long.: 5mm.; Larg.: i mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Tonkin 4a la coll. Pic.

188. Exocentrus nigronotatus Pic
Exocentrus nigronotatus Pic, 1926, Mél. exot. ent. 45 : 29.

Antennes d’un tiers plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues. Pronotum forte-
ment transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale conique et pointue, assez re-
courbée. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence gris olive. Elytres parsemés de taches minimes
brun foncé rangées en séries longitudinales, d’une grande et large tache transversale
postmédiane latérale brun foncé et de nombreuses petites taches brun foncé
agglomérées en une sorte de large bande transversale prémédiane. Moitié basilaire
des tibias 4 pubescence blanche. Moitié apicale des tibias, les tarses et les articles
antennaires a partir du troisiéme 4 pubescence brun foncé. Moitié basilaire du quat-
riéme article des antennes a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 4-7 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/4-3 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus du Tonkin: Hoa-Binh, dans la coll. Pic.

189. Exocentrus tonkineus Pic
Exocentrus tonkineus Pic, 1925, Meél. exot. ent. 43 : 131.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement plus
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale fortement recourbée. —
Elytres trés densément et trés finement ponctués dans les trois quarts antérieurs.

Brun, couvert de pubescence jaune paille, entremélée vaguement de brun sur le
disque du pronotum. Sur chaque élytre quatre taches étroites et longitudinales —
brunes sur le tiers basilaire, situées l’une a cété de l’autre, la latérale la plus courte,
une tache transversale médiane brune légérement oblique, remontant en direction
de la marge externe, et deux courtes taches longitudinales brunes discales préapicales —
situées l’une a cété de l’autre. Fémurs bruns a fine pubescence jaunatre. Tibias et
tarses rouge clair 4 pubescence jaunatre. Antennes a pubescence brun rougeatre,
la moitié basilaire des articles 3 et 4 4 pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 7 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu du Tonkin 4 la coll. Pic.

190. Exocentrus fouqueti Pic
Exocentrus fouqueti Pic, 1932, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 37 : 156.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long ©
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 297

transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, faiblement recourbée. Elytres
densément et trés finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs, les points plus
ou moins alignés.

Noir, couvert de pubescence grise. La base du pronotum et l’écusson 4 pubescence
gris blanchatre. Sur chaque élytre deux étroites bandes blanches, une prémédiane
incurvée dans les deux tiers latéraux (4 concavité du céte apical )et remontant dans
le tiers sutural trés obliquement en direction de la suture, et une postmédiane trans-
versale. Antennes a partir du deuxiéme article 4 pubescence brun foncé, la base
des articles 3 et 4 a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 4-4 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu du Tonkin: Pho-vi, dans la coll. Pic.

191. Exocentrus binhensis Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) binhensis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Soc. nat. Belg. 33, No.
Ss 52.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, letroisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues. Pronotum trans-
verse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres densément
et trés finement ponctués sur les trois quarts anterieurs.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence grise. Ecusson 4 pubescence blanche.
Elytres revétus de pubescence brun foncé. Sur chaque élytre trois bandes trans-
versales blanchatres interrompues par de trés petites taches brun foncé, une post-
basilaire et une prémédiane réunies dans la moitié suturale, et une préapicale ondulée
reliée le long de la suture trés étroitement 4 la bande prémédiane. Antennes a
pubescence brun foncé.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Tonkin: Hoa-Binh a I’Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.

192. Exocentrus marginicollis Fisher
Exocentrus marginicollis Fisher, 1932, Stylops, 1 : 230.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre foie plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée,
précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse largement rebordée. Elytres trés densément et
finement ponctués.

Brun rougeatre foncé. Elytres parsemés de nombreuses petites taches jaune
blanchatre, rangées, sur chacun en forme de six séries lontitudinales.

Long.: 3 mm. 1/2-4 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/2-1 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur des individus de la presqu’ile de Malacce: Perak et Tenasserim, au
British Muséum.

298 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

193. Exocentrus andamanensis Fisher
Exocentrus andamanensis Fisher, 1932, Stylops, 1 : 231.

Proche de marginicollis Fisher, mais l’épine latérale du pronotum encore plus
recourbée, le bord latéral du pronotum avant cette épine non largement rebordé, les
points des élytres subalignés.

Long.: 5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2-3 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus des Iles Andamanes, au British Muséum.

194. Exocentrus fumosus Gahan
Exocentrus fumosus Gahan, 1895, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 34 : 85.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale pointue
fortement recourbée dirigée en direction de l’épaule. Elytres trés densément et peu
finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun grisatre foncé. Le bord antérieur et le
bord postérieur du pronotum ou tout le pronotum et la moitié basilaire des tibias
d’un rouge vif. Ecusson a pubescence jaune. Sur chaque élytre une trés étroite ;
bande transversale médiane ondulée jaune et une large bande transversale jaune
d’ocre au tiers apical. La partie basilaire du scape et des articles 5 a 7 et les articles
3 et 4 sauf a l’apex, rouges.

Long. : 5 mm. 1/2-7 mm.: Larg.: 1 mm. 3/4-2 mm.

Décrit sur des individus de Tenasserim : Thagata, au Musée de Génes et au British
Muséum.—Tonkin: Hoa-Binh (coll. Frey).

195. Exocentrus saleyerianus Breuning
Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) saleyerianus Breuning, 1957, Ent. NachrBl., Wien, 8, No. 3 : 13.

Proche de fumosus Gahan, mais le troisiéme article des antennes un peu moins
long que le scape, les élytres ponctués seulement sur les deux tiers antérieurs, la
bande transversale médiane de 1’élytre sensiblement plus large, les articles anten-
naires 3 et 4 rouges seulement dans leur parties basilaires, les articles 5 4 11 a pub-
escence brun noir.

Long. : 4mm. 1/2-5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 2/3-I mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur des individus de I’Ile Saleyer dans la coll. Tippmann.—D’autres indi-
vidus de méme provenance au Musée de Leiden.

196. Exocentrus alboseriatus Gahan

Exocentrus alboseriatus Gahan, 1895, Aun. Mus. civ. Genova, 34 : 85.
Exocentrus rubripennis Pic, 1929, Mél. exot. ent. 53 : 29. }

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 299

fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale conique et pointue, fortement
-recourbée. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués dans les quatre cinquiémes
antérieurs.

Noir, couvert d’une fine pubescence grise. Front et tout le dessus du corps d’un
rouge brique. Elytres parsemés de trés petites taches blanches nettes, rangées sur
chacun en sept séries longitudinales. Quart basilaire des articles antennaires 3 26a
pubescence blanche.

Long.: 6-7 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/3-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de Tenasserim: Thagata, au Musée de Génes.—Tonkin
(Pic). E. rubripennis Pic est un synonyme.

197. Exocentrus flemingiae Fisher

Exocentrus flemingiae Fisher, 1932, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 297.
Exocentrus rufiscapus Pic, 1939, VII. Intern. Kongr. f. Ent. 1, Sc. Syst. : 344.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, trés densément et extrémement finement ponctué, pourvu d’une
trés courte épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et assez
grossiérement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs, les points subalignés.

Noir luisant. Front, parties latérales du pronotum et dessous du corps couverts
d’une fine pubescence gris blanchatre. Ecusson a pubescence blanche. Sur chaque
élytre une trés étroite bande transversale médiane blanche et trois trés petites taches
blanches nettes, une humérale, une discale postbasilaire et une discale préapicale.
Pattes et scape jaune rougedtre ou rouge clair, le tiers apical des tibias, les tarses
et les articles antennaires 2 4 11 brun noir, la partie basilaire du troisiéme article des
antennes et le quart basilaire du quatriéme, a pubescence blanche.

Long. : 5 mm. 1/2~7 mm.; Larg.: 2-2 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Inde: U.P., Dehra Dun au British Muséum et Musée
de Dehra Dun.—Pusa (British Muséum) ; Pedong (Muséum de Paris) ; Tonkin:
Pho-ganh (idem). E. rufiscapus Pic est un synonyme.

var. fuscoscapus nov.

Comme la forme typique, mais le scape brun foncé.
Type de Sikkim : Pedong, chasseurs indigénes, 1935, ex coll. Oberthiir au Muséum
de Paris.

198. Exocentrus testaceus Fisher
Exocentrus testaceus Fisher. 1931, Ind. For. Rec. 16: 297, 322.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale
pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués dans
les trois quarts antérieurs, les points sérialement disposés sauf au quart sutural.

300 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Rouge clair. Mesosternum, métasternum, abdomen, pattes et antennes brun
foncé, la partie basilaire des articles antennaires 4 a 8 a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 7-8 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 3/4-3 mm.

Décrit sur des individus d’Assam : Cachar, Maflang, au British Muséum et Musée
de Washington.

var. subbicolor nom. nov.
Exocentrus bicolor Pic 1929, Mél. exot. ent. 53: 30.

Comme la forme typique, mais les élytres brun foncé, couverts d’une fine pub-
escence jaune grisatre et parsemés de taches minimes dénudées. Partie basilaire des
articles antennaires 3 4 10 4 pubescence blanchatre.

Tonkin : Hoa-Binh (coll. Pic.). Le nom bicolor étant préoccupé je le change en
subbicolor.

var. diversiceps Pic
Exocentrus bicolor var. diversiceps Pic, 1931, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr.: 259.

Comme var. subbicolor Breuning, mais le front et les joues brun noir.
Yunnan (Pic).

var. lateraloides nom. nov.
Exocentrus bicolor var. lateralis Pic, 1936, Bull. zool. Soc. Fr. 61 : 299.

Comme var. subbicolor Breuning, mais la téte et le pronotum en majeure partie
brun foncé, les élytres brun foncé seulement dans la région suturale sauf dans la
région apicale.

Tonkin : Hoa-Binh (Pic), décrit sous le nom préoccupé Jateralis que le change en
lateraloides.

var. rufobasipennis Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) testaceus var. rufobasipennis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat.
Belg., 33, No. 8: 13.

Comme var. subbicolor Breuning mais le dixieme basilaire des élytres rouge clair,
les poils dressés de la partie latérale des élytres, jaunatres.

Décrit sur un individu de Laos: Vientiane, 8.v.1918, leg. Vitalis de Salvaza a
l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.

var. rufoampliatus nov.

Comme var. subbicolor Breuning mais les élytres brun foncé seulement sur les
quatre cinquiémes apicaux, les poils dressés de la partie latérale des élytres, jaun-
atres.

Type de Bhutan: Maria Basti, leg. L. Durel, ex coll. Oberthiir, au Muséum de
Paris.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 301

199. Exocentrus collarti Breuning
Exocentrus (Bematocentrus) collavti Breuning, 1958, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 34, No. 22.

Antennes d’un tiers plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux sensiblement plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale conique pointue
assez fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués sur les
trois quarts antérieurs, les points serialement disposés.

Brun rougeatre, couvert de pubescence gris clair. Elytres rouges, revétus de
pubescence jaune blanchatre et ornés, chacun, de trois taches brun rougeatre foncé :
une grande basilaire, une trés grande transversale postmédiane latérale atteignant
presque la suture et une grande transversale préapicale. Pattes et antennes a
pubescence brun rougeatre. Moitié basilaire dorsale des tibias 4 pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 6 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu de Bhutan 4a l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de
Belgique.

200. Exocentrus alni Fisher

Exocentrus alni Fisher, 1932, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 298.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une longue et trés mince épine latérale
pointue, fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur les
quatre cinquiémes antérieurs.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Disque du pronotum densément
marbré d’ocharcé. Ecusson a pubescence ochracée. Elytres densément parsemés de
petites taches ochracées, agglomérés entre autre pour former trois bandes trans-
versales ondulées, une postbasilaire, une médiane et une préapicale.

Long.: 5 mm. 1/2-8 mm.; Larg.: 2-3 mm.

Décrit sur des individus de Sikkim: Darjeeling, Lopchu, au British Muséum.

201. Exocentrus granulicollis Fisher

Exocenirus granulicollis Fisher, 1931, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 297, 323.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue assez fortement recourbée.
Elytres trés densément et peu finement ponctués, les points obsolétes dans la partie
apicale.

Rouge clair. Elytres revétus d’une fine pubescence gris jaunatre. Dessous du
corps, pattes et antennes brun foncé.

Long.: 5-6 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 3/4-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus d’Assam: Shillong, au British Muséum.

302 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

202. Exocentrus championi Fisher
Exocentrus championi Fisher, 1940, Ind. For. Rec. (2) 6: 207.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, fortement
recourbée. Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence brun rougedtre. Sur chaque élytre cinq séries
longitudinales de petites taches jaune blanchatre, ces taches faisant défaut sur
l’emplacement d’une large bande transversale située un peu aprés le milieu.

Long.: 5 mm. 1/2-6 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Inde: U.P. Chakrata Range, au British Muséum.

203. Exocentrus dalbergiae Fisher
Exocentrus dalbergiae Fisher, 1931, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 310.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Prono-
tum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, fortement
recourbée. Elytres densément et assez grossiérement ponctués sur les trois quarts
antérieurs.

Brun foncé. Ecusson a pubescence blanchatre. Sur chaque élytre trois bandes
transversales ondulées blanches, une postbasilaire, une postmédiane et une préapicale.
Fémurs et moitié antérieure des tibias 4 pubescence gris blanchatre.

Long. : 2mm. 1/2-5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 3/4-3 mm.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Inde: U.P. Dehra Dun, au British Muséum.

204. Exocentrus trifasciatus Fisher
Exocentrus trifasciatus Fisher, 1931, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 307.

Proche de dalbergiae Fisher, mais l’épine latérale du pronotum un peu moins longue,
les élytres finement ponctués, la base des articles antennaires 4 4 II a pubescence
blanchatre.

Long. : 3 mm. 3/4; Larg.: I mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Inde: Fraserpet, Coorg, au British Muséum et au
Musée de Washington.

205. Exocentrus cudraniae Fisher
Exocentrus cudraniae Fisher, 1931, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 314.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale mince et pointue, seulement faiblement
recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points sérialement rangés
sauf au quart sutural.

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 303

Brun foncé. Sur chaque élytre trois bandes transversales blanchatres floues, une
prémédiane, une médiane et une postmédiane.

Long. : 3 mm. 1/2-5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/4-2 mm.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Inde: U.P. Dehra Dun, au British Muséum et au
Musée de Dehra Dun.

206. Exocentrus greviae Fisher
Exocentrus greviae Fisher, 1931, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 317.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une é€pine latérale pointue fortement recour-
bée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points subalignés.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence brun rougeatre. Elytres parsemés de petites taches
blanches, ranges, sur chacun, en six séries longitudinales, ces taches font défaut sur
l’emplacement d’une bande transversale située juste aprés le milieu. L’extréme base
des articles antennaires 4 4 11 a pubescence blanchatre.

Long. : 4 mm. 1/2-6 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 1/2-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Inde: U.P. Dehra Dun, au British Muséum et au
Musée de Dehra Dun.

207. Exocentrus seticollis Fisher
Exocentrus seticollis Fisher, 1931, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 300.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, extrémement finement ponctué, pourvu d’une épine latérale
conique et pointue assez recourbée. Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués,
les points sérialement disposés.

Brun foncé. Sur chaque élytre une bande transversale postmédiane ondulée
blanchatre assez large. Hanches, moitié basilaire des fémurs et des tibias et les cing
premiers articles antennaires, rouges.

Long. : 5mm.1/2; Larg.: 2mm.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Inde: U.P. Dehra Dun, au British Muséum et au
Musée de Dehra Dun.

208. Exocentrus monticola Fisher
Exocentrus monticola Fisher, 1932, Stylops, 1 : 228.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum transverse, pourvu d’une é€pine latéral pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres
densément et trés finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brune. Sur chaque élytre quatre larges bandes
transversales blanchatres floues, une basilaire, une prémédiane, une postmédiane et
une apicale.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un exemplaire de l’Inde: Nilghiri Hills, au British Muséum.

304 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

209. Exocentrus pubescens Fisher
Exocentrus pubescens Fisher, 1931, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 303.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres
densément et finement ponctués dans les deux tiers antérieurs.

Rouge foncé. Elytres ornés de taches blanchatres floues sur le disque de la moitié
antérieure et sur le tiers apical. Moitié basilaire des tibias rouge clair.

Long. : 4 mm. 1/4-4 mm. 3/4; Larg.: I mm. 1/2-I mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Inde: N. Salem, Madras, au British Muséum et au
Musée de Dehra Dun.

210. Exocentrus gardneri Fisher
Exocentrus gardneri Fisher, 1932, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 302.

Proche de pubescens Fisher, mais le troisiéme article des antennes a peine moins
long que le scape, les taches blanchatres des élytres plus étendues ; sur les élytres
des taches pareilles aussi entre la moitié antérieure et le tiers apical le long de la
suture.

Décrit sur des exemplaires de l’Inde: U.P. Dehra Dun, au British Muséum et au °
Musée de Dehra Dun. |

211. Exocentrus terminaliae Fisher
Exocentrus terminaliae Fisher, 1932, Ind. For Rec. 16 : 297, 324.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue assez fortement recourbée.
Elytres trés densément et peu finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs.

Rouge foncé, unicolore.

Long.: 4 mm. 3/4; Larg.: I mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur des individus de |’Inde: Bombay, North Tana, Manor Range, au
British Muséum et au Musée de Washington.

212. Exocentrus malloti Fish.
Exocentrus malloti Fisher, 1931, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 309.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long —
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum ~
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale mince et pointue, faiblement —
recourbée. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués. !

Rouge clair. Sur chaque élytre trois bandes transversales blanchatres floues et —
peu apparentes, une postbasilaire, une postmédiane et une préapicale. |

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 305

Long.: 4mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 3/4.
Décrit sur un individu de l’Inde: Bombay, Belgaum, Nagargalli, au British
Muséum.

213. Exocentrus santali Fisher
Exocentrus santali Fisher, 1933, Ind. For. Rec. 18/4: 2.

Proche de mallots Fisher, mais ]’épine latérale du pronotum un peu plus courte,
plus large a la base et plus recourbée et les bandes élytrales plus apparentes.

Long.: 5mm.1/4; Larg.: I mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur des individus de l’'Inde: North Salem, Javalagiri au British Muséum
et Musée de Washington.—Madras : Sappal, Palghat (Fisher).

213. Exocentrus pilosicornis Fisher
Exocentrus pilosicornis Fisher, 1932, Stylops, 1 : 229.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de deux tiers plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale assez courte, large a la
base et assez fortement recourbée. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués.
Les premiers articles antennaires garnis de trés longs poils dressés.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence brun rougeatre. Elytres marbrés de jaune blanch-
atre sauf sur quelques assez grandes taches postmédiane brun rougeatre.

Long.: 4mm. 1/4; Larg.: 1 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu de l’ Inde: Kdai Kanal, au British Muséum.

215. Exocentrus subfasciatipennis nom. nov.
Exocentrus subfasciatus Pic, 1925, Mél. exot. ent. 43 : 131.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum forte-
ment transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, fortement recourbée.
Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence gris blanchatre formant sur la moitié
antérieure des élytres de nombreuses bandes longitudinales linéiformes. Sur chaque
élytre une bande transversale postmédiane trés ondulée d’un brun assez foncé et une
petite tache discale préapicale circulaire de méme couleur. Les poils dressés du
dessus noirs, ceux du bord latéral des élytres et des pattes, blancs. Antennes a
pubescence brun foncé.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur un individu de l|’Inde méridionale a la coll. Pic, sous le nom de sub-
fasciatus. Ce nom étant préoccupé je le change subfasciatipennis.

ENTOM. 7. 5. £7

306 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

216. Exocentrus indicola Fisher
Exocentrus indicola Fisher, 1931, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 297, 321.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une €pine latérale pointue, assez fortement recourbée.
Elytres trés densément et assez grossiérement ponctués.

Noir, pronotum rouge et couvert d’une fine pubescence dorée.

Long.: 6mm. 1/4; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Inde: Madras, Sappal, Palghat, au British Muséum
et au Musée de Washington.

217. Exocentrus kuluensis Breuning
Exocentrus kuluensis Breuning, 1957, Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey, 8 : 277.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une trés courte et trés large épine latérale conique
recourbée. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence brun rougeatre. Sur chaque élytre trois bandes
transversales blanchatres floues et peu apparentes, une postbasilaire, une médiane
et une préapicale.

Long. : 2mm. 1/2; Larg.+ 1mm. t/a.

Décrit sur un exemplaire de Kashmir: Kulu, 1200 m. alt., leg. C. Rost dans la
coll. Frey.

218. Exocentrus reticulatus Fairmaire

Exocentrus veticulatus Fairmaire, 1896, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 40 : 382.

Pseudocentrus lineellus Fairmaire ,1901, Rev. d’Ent. 20 : 231.

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) rveticulatus Fairmaire, Lepesme & Breuning, 1955, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr.
60 : 127.

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) reticulatus Fairmaire & Breuning, 1957, Fuane de Madag. 4: 242, fig. 79,

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps ; le troisiéme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes unférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Téte et
pronotum a ponctuation trés fine et extrémement dense. Pronotum fortement trans-
verse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, fortement recourbée. Elytres densément
et finement ponctués, les points sérialement rangés.

Rouge, la téte, le pronotum, |’écusson, le dessous et les pattes couverts d’une fine
pubescence gris clair, le pronotum avec deux taches discales circulaires brunes floues.
Elytres revétus de pubescence brun rougeatre et ornés de bandes lontigudinales gris
clair souvent interrompues et faisant défaut sur l’emplacement d’une assez grande
tache transversale postmédiane latérale qui n’atteint pas la suture mais s’élargit
en direction de la marge externe. Antennes a pubescence brun rougeatre.

Long. : 4-6 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 3/4-2 mm.

Décrit sur des individus de Madagascar: Diego Suarez, au Muséum de Paris.—
Suberbieville (¢dem). E. lineellus Fairmaire est un synonyme.

—— ee

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 307

219. Exocentrus subreticulatus Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) subreticulatus Breuning, 1957, Faune de Madag. 4: 242.
Exocentrus reticulatus Aurivillius (nec Fairmaire), 1922, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 10: 29.

Proche de reticulatus Fairmaire, mais l’épine latérale du pronotum un peu plus
courte, les élytres plus finement ponctués et parsemés de granules minimes dénudées,
ornés de taches blanchatres floues rangées en séries longitudinales, mais ne formant
pas directement des bandes longitudinales et faisant défaut sur l’emplacement d’une
tache postmédiane plus grande.

Décrit sur des individus des Seychelles : Mahé, au British Muséum.

220. Exocentrus subexiguus Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) subexiguus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 32, No.

$5 47.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum presque
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue et fortement
recourbée, précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres densément et assez grossi€re-
ment ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs. Entiérement hérissé de longs poils
dressés, ces poils noirs sur le dessus, blancs sur le bord latéral des élytres, sur les
pattes et sur les antennes.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence gris blanchatre. Pronotum avec deux
vagues bandes longitudinales noiratres, assez rapprochées de la ligne médiane.
Elytres parsemés de trés petites taches dénudées et ornés de trois bandes transver-
sales noirates peu nettes: une assez large postbasilaire quie remonte en direction de
l’écusson, une large postmédiane qui n’atteint pas tout a fait la suture et une étroite
préapicale ondulée ; la partie apicale de l’elytre couverte de pubescence jaunatre.
Tibias et antennes rougeatres, a trés fine pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 7mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu de Somalie: Dagahbur, Ogaden, au British Muséum.

221. Exocentrus pseudexiguus Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) pseudexiguus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 32, No.
26: 18.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale mince et pointue, seulement
faiblement recourbée. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués, les points sub-
alignés.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence blanchatre. Elytres parsemés de
taches minimes dénudées et ornés d’une assez large bande transversale postmédiane
ondulée brun foncé vague. Pattes 4 pubescence trés éparse, Antennes a pubescence
brun foncé,

308 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Long.: 4mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 2/3.
Décrit sur un individu de Somalie ; Prov. Mudugh, au British Muséum.—Arfam
(idem).
222. Exocentrus inclusus Pascoe

Exocentrus inclusus Pascoe, 1859, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 5: 38.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, modérément recourbée.
Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués, les points plus ou moins alignés.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence blanchatre entremélée de brun. Elytres parsemés
de trés petites taches brun foncé rangées en séries longitudinales, ornés d’une large
bande transversale brune fortement ondulée située un peu aprés le milieu et d’une
tache brune discale préapicale qui descend obliquement en direction de la marge
externe. Le tiers apical des tibias et les tarses 4 pubescence brun foncé. Antennes a
pubescence brune, la base des articles 4 partir du troisiéme 4 pubescence blanchAtre.

Long.: 4-6 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 1/2-2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur un individu de Natal, au British Muséum.—Transvaal, Zululand
(Muséum de Paris, coll. Hunt) : South Rhodésie: Sawmills (Musée de Bulawayo).

223. Exocentrus lateralis Gahan
Exocentrus lateralis Gahan, 1904, Distant Ins. Transvaal, 155, pl. 15, fig. 11.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux plus de deux fois plus long que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale mince dirigée obliquement
vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et assez finement ponctués, les points subalignés.

Rouge, couvert d’une trés fine pubescence soyeuse grise. Elytres ornés de nom-
breuses assez grandes taches blanchatres rangées en séries longitudinales. Sur
chaque élytre une étroite bande longitudinale latérale brun foncé s’étendant de la
base jusqu’un peu au dela du milieu et couvrant aussi la partie correspondante de
l’épipleure, et une assez grande tache quadrangulaire postmédiane subsuturale brun
foncé moins nette. Fémurs avec assez large anneau postmédian brun foncé. Moitié
apicale des tibias, les tarses et les antennes 4 pubescence brun foncé, le deuxiéme
article des antennes, la moitié basilaire des articles 3 et 4, et la partie basilaire des
articles suivants 4 pubescence blanche.

Long. : 6 mm. 1/2-8 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/3-3 mm.

Décrit sur des individus du Transvaal : Lydenburg District, au Musée de Pretoria.

224. Exocentrus alternans Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) aliernans Breuning, 1956, Occas. Papers nat. Mus. S. Rhodesia,
No. 21, B; 87.
Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 309

recourbée Elytres trés densément et grossiérement ponctués, les points sérialement
disposés, moins réguliérement dans le quart sutural.

Noir. Joues, tempes, pronotum, prosternum, mésosternum et base des tibias d’un
rouge assez foncé. Elytres d’un rouge trés foncé, couverts d’une fine pubescence grise
et ornés, chacun, de douze bandes longitudinales blanches alternantes de fagon que
les impaires sont plus larges que les paires (linéiformes). Antennes 4 pubescence
noire, la moitié basilaire des articles 3 et 4 et la base des articles 5 4 g a pubescence
blanchatre.

Long.: 8 mm.; Larg.: 3 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de South Rhodésie : Khami, au Musée de Bulawayo.

225. Exocentrus albovittipennis Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) albovittipennis Breuning, 1956, Occas. Papers nat. Mus. S. Rhodesia,
No. 21, B, 86.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale dirigéc droitvers
Varriére. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés.

Noir, couvert de pubescence grise. Sur chaque élytre neuf bandes longitudinales
blanches assez larges, seule la huitiéme trés étroite, linéiforme. Tiers basilaire des
fémurs rougeatre. Pattes et antennes noires 4 pubescence noire, la base des articles
antennaires 3 a 9 a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 6mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur un individu de South Rhodesia : V. Falls Range, au Musée de Bulawayo.

226. Exocentrus albovittatus Breuning
Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) albovittatus Breuning, 1955, Ark. f. Zool. (2) 7, No. 29 : 589.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois et demie plus longs que les joues. Prono-
tum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue forte-
ment recourbée, précédée d’uns bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres densément et finement
ponctués, le points plus ou moins sérialement disposés.

Rouge foncé, le bord antérieur et le bord postérieur du pronotum rouge clair,
couvert de pubescence brun rougedtre. Elytres parsemés de trés petites taches dé-
nudées et ornés, chacun, de huit étroites bandes longitudinales blanchatres dont les
deux latérales sont trés étroites, linéiformes. Pattes et antennes revétus de pubescence
brun foncé, l’extréme base des articles antennaires 4 partir du cinquiéme a pub-
escence blanche.

Long.: 8 mm.; Larg.: 3 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de Rhodésie : Sebakwe, au Riksmuseum de Stockholm.

310 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Fic. 4. Exocentrus albolineatus Breuning.

227. Exocentrus albolineatus Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) albolineatus Breuning, 1955, Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 68 : 41,

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux plus de deux fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, dirigée
obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur les trois
quarts antérieurs, les points sérialement disposés.

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence brun rougeatre foncé. Les bords du pronotum
souvent d’un rouge plus clair. Sur chaque élytre dix trés étroites bandes longitu-
dinales blanches nettes. La partie basilaire des articles antennaires 4 partir du
quatriéme a pubescence blanche.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: I mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu de Somalie: Giuba, Belet Amin au Musée de Génes.—
Dagahbur, Ogaden (British Muséum) ; Kenya: Mutha et Tsavo-Voi (idem).

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 311

228. Exocentrus multilineatus Breuning
Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) multilineatus Breuning, 1955, Rev. Fr. d’Ent. 22 : 123, fig. 3.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, a ponctuation extrémement dense et extrémement fine,
pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, fortement recourbée, précédée d’une
bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres densément et finement ponctués, les points sérialement
disposés.

Rouge, couvert d’une trés fine pubescence gris clair. Chaque élytre orné de douze
bandes longitudinales linéiformes blanches. Tibias, tarses et antennes noirs ;
l’extréme base des articles antennaires 3 4 8 a pubescence blanche.

Long.: 4mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Kenya: Shimoni, au Muséum de Paris.

229. Exocentrus vittulatus Aurivillius
Exocentrus vittulatus Aurivillius, 1927, Ark. f. Zool. 194/17 : 20, fig. 176.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le scape.
Lobes inférieurs des yeux sensiblement plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux fois
plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale rapprochée de la base et fortement
recourbée. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués, les points plus ou moins
sérialement disposés.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence brun rougeatre. Sur chaque élytre six assez étroites
bandes longitudinales blanches nettes dans la moitié antérieures, mais seulement
vaguement indiquées par places dans la moitié postérieure. Antennes a pubescence
d’un brun assez foncé, le tiers basilaire du scape et la moitié basilaire des articles
3 et 4 rouge clair a fine pubescence jaune blanchatre.

Long.: 5-6 mm.; Larg.: 2-2 mm. 1/4.

Décrit sur des individus du Congo belge: Sassa et Haut Uelé Moto, au Musées
de Tervueren et de Stockholm.

230. Exocentrus sublateralis Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) sublateralis Breuning, 1956, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 32, No.
25:17,

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum presque
deux fois plus large que long et pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue et forte-
ment recourbée, les cétés du pronotum de cette épine au bord antérieur droits
d’abord, rétrécis seulement peu avant le bord antérieur. Elytres densément et fine-
ment ponctués, les points assez réguliérement alignés.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence jaune pale. Sur chaque élytre deux étroites bandes
brun foncé, une longitudinale latérale antérieure et une transversale postmédiane
fortement ondulée et précédée de pubescence blanche ; la bande longitudinale atteint

312 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

en arriére la transversale sans toutefois la dépasser. Elytres parsemés en plus de
taches minimes dénudées. Pattes presque sans pubescence. La partie basilaire des
articles antennaires a partir du troisiéme 4 pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 6 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Kenya: Voi, au British Muséum.

231. Exocentrus densefuscosticticus Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) densefuscosticticus Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33,

No. 8: 14.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le scape.
Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum plus de deux
fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue assez fortement
recourbée. Elytres densément et assez finement ponctués, les points subalignés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence gris blanchatre. Pronotum et élytres parsemés
de nombreuses trés petites taches dénudées. Sur chaque élytre une courte bande
longitudinale latérale subhumérale noiratre et une assez étroite bande transversale
postmédiane ondulée noiratre descendant dans la moitié suturale en direction de
la suture. Le tiers apical des tibias, les tarses et les antennes 4 pubescence noire, la
moitié basilaire des articles antennaires 3 et 4 et la base des articles 5 a 11 4 pubescence
blanche.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Kenya: Tana River, Garissa Bura, au British Muséum.

232. Exocentrus tippmanni Breuning
Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) tippmanni Breuning, 1957, Ent. NachrBl., Wien, 8, No. 3: 12.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum plus de deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une assez longue et mince
épine latérale pointue dirigée directement vers l’arriére. Elytres trés densément et
finement ponctués.

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence brun rougeatre foncé. Le bord antérieur et
le bord postérieur du pronotum, la suture et les épipleures des élytres, les genoux et
la moitié basilaire des fémurs, rouge clair. Elytres parsemés de trés petites taches
ochracées disposées en forme de deux bandes transversales, une postbasilaire et une
postmédiane. La partie basilaire des articles antennaires a partir du troisiéme,
rouge clair 4 pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 8mm.; Larg.: 3 mm.

Décrit sur des individus du Tanganyika, a la coll. Tippmann.

233. Exocentrus mirei Lepesme & Breuning
Exocentrus miret Lepesme & Breuning, 1955, Bull. de l’I.F.A.N. 17, a, No. 3 : 855.

Antennes comparativement assez fines, un peu moins longues que le corps, le
troisiéme article un peu moins long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux plus de

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 313

trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une
épine latérale peu longue, mince et pointue assez faiblement recourbée. Elytres
trés densément et peu finement ponctués, les points assez réguliérement alignés.

Brun foncé, revétu de pubescence brun foncé. Elytres d’un brun rougeatre clair
et couverts d’une éparse pubescence jaunatre entremélée d’un peu de gris clair.
La partie basilaire des articles antennaires 4 partir du deuxiéme couverte de
pubescence gris blanchatre.

Long.: 7mm.; Larg.: 2mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur des individus de la région saharienne : Ouaddai, Ouadi prés Gouro, au
Muséum de Paris.

234. Exocentrus crassepunctus Lepesme & Breuning
Exocentrus crassepunctus Lepesme & Breuning, 1955, Bull. de l’I.F.A.N.17, a, No. 3 : 855.

Proche de mirei Lepesme & Breuning, mais l’épine latérale du pronotum trés
fortement recourbée, les élytres sensiblement plus grossiérement ponctueés, les points
encore plus réguliérement alignés, les élytres partiellement d’un brun assez foncé et
marbrés de blanc d’une facon floue.

Long.: 6mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu de la région saharienne: Air-Bir Douané, au Muséum de
Paris.

235. Exocentrus subgrisescens Breuning
Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) subgrisescens Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 133

Antennes un peu plus longues que la corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux trois fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, dirigée vers l’arriére.
Elytres densément et peu finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs, les
points subsérialement disposés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence gris foncé et vaguement marbrés de gris blanch-
atre et de brun. Sur chaque élytre une assez grande tache postmédiane suturale
brune, bordée en avant d’une pubescence plutdt blanchatre. Partie basilaire des
articles antennaires 3 4 Ir a pubescence gris clair.

Long.: 5mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Mayidi, ay Musée de Tervueren.

236. Exocentrus ghesquierei Breuning
Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) ghesquieret Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg.92 : 134.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu moins long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, dirigée
vers l’arriére. Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués sur les quatre cinquiémes
antérieurs.

ENTOM. 7. 5. 18

314 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

Brun foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence gris blanchatre. Vertex et disque du
pronotum densément marbrés de jaune d’ocre. Elytres revétus de pubescence
brun foncé, parsemés dans les deux tiers antérieurs sur la moitié suturale de nom-
breuses petites taches blanchatres et densément marbrés de jaune d’ocre sur le
restant de leur surface a l’exception d’une vague bande transversale post-
médiane ondulée. Pattes et antennes couvertes de pubescence brun foncé ; fémurs
marbrés de jaune d’ocre. Moitié basilaire des tibias rouge. Partie basilaire des
articles antennaires 3 4 II a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Sankuru, Lodja, au Musée de Tervueren.

237. Exocentrus obliquevittatus Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) obliquevittatus Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33,

No. 8: 14.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une epine latérale pointue fortement
recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs,
les points subalignés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence jaune paille olivatre. Sur chaque élytre une
étroite bande transversale médiane d’un brun assez foncé faiblement ondulée dans
la moitié latérale et se dirigeant obliquement vers l’arriére en direction de la suture
dans la moitié suturale. Le tiers apical des tibias, les tarses et les antennes revétus
de pubescence brun foncé, la base des articles antennaires 4 4 10 a pubescence grise.

Long.: 5-6 mm.; Larg.: 2-2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur des individus du Congo belge: Lukolela, 4 1’Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.

238. Exocentrus ochreovitticollis Breuning

Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) ochreovitticolliis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33,
No. 8: 13.

Antennes cassées au scape chez l’unique exemplaire connu. Lobes inférieurs des
yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux fois plus large que long,
pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres assez densément
et trés finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs.

Rouge, couvert d’une fine pubescence brun rougeatre clair. Pronotum avec
deux larges bandes longitudinales discales ochracées. Elytres parsemés de trés
nombreuses trés petites taches blanches, rangées, sur chacun, en a peu prés I5
séries longitudinales, celles du tiers sutural 4 peine perceptibles. Pattes jaune
rougeatre, la moitié apicale des fémurs sauf a l’apex, le quart apical des tibias et
les tarses, noirs. ‘Scape noir, rouge clair sur le quart basilaire.

Long.: 8mm.; Larg.: 3 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu du Cameoun: Ja River, a |’Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.

EE eee

a a

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 315

239. Exocentrus ivorensis Breuning
Exocentrus (Pseudocentrus) ivorensis Breuning, 1956, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 32, No. 25 : 16.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le scape.
Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues. Téte et pronotum
assez densément et trés finement ponctués. Pronotum deux fois plus large que
long, pourvu d’une épine latérale conique pointue recourbée. Elytres densément
et trés finement ponctués, les points subalignés sur la moitié latérale.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence jaune blanchatre. Pronotum avec deux bandes
longitudinales brun rougedtre, rapprochées de la ligne médiane. Elytres ornés
d’une tache triangulaire postscutellaire brun rougeatre et ornés, chacun, de bandes
brun rougeatre: une courte bande longitudinale latérale prémédiane et une assez
large bande transversale postmédiane, formant avec celle de l’élytre opposé un
grand M. Antennes a pubescence brun rougeatre, l’extréme base des articles
3 a II a pubescence jaune pale.

Long.: 5mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de Céte d’Ivoire : Dimbokro, a 1’Institut Royal des Sciences
Naturelles de Belgique.

240. Exocentrus senegalensis sp. n.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement
recourbée. Elytres trés densément et finement ponctués presque jusqu’a l’apex.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence jaune paille. Vertex avec deux bandes
longitudinales noiratres. Disque du pronotum avec quatre bandes longitudinales
noiratres. Elytres parsemés de nombreuses petites taches circulaires brun noir
et ornés, chacun, d’une grande tache basilaire noiratre basilaire 4 cété de l’ecusson
et d’une bande transversale noiratre peu large, située juste aprés le milieu. Bord
antérieur et postérieur du pronotum et région humérale des élytres a couleur fonda-
mentale rouge. Pattes et antennes rouges. La partie préapicale des fémurs, le
tiers apical des tibias, les tarses, le scape, la partie apicale du deuxiéme article des
antennes, la moitié apicale des articles 3 a 5, les articles 6 a 10 sauf a la base et tout
Varticle onze noirs.

Long.: 6 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/2.

Type du Sénégal dans la coll. Frey.

7. EXOCENTRUS SovusGENRE OLIGOPSIS Thomson

Oligopsis Thomson, 1864, Syst. Cer.: 111.

Oligopsis Lacordaire, 1872, Gen. Col. 9 : 806.

Ispaterus Fairmaire, 1892, Rev. d’Ent. 11: 122.

Exocentrus Sg. Oligopsis Lepesme & Breuning, 1955, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 60 : 127.

Troisiéme article beaucoup plus long que le quatriéme. Elytres arrondis a l’apex,
pourvus de points sérialement disposés.
Type : exocentroides Thomson. Ispaterus Fairmaire est un synonyme.

316 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

241. Exocentrus meridionalis Hunt & Breuning
Exocentrus (Oligopsis) meridionalis Hunt & Breuning, 1957, Durban Mus. Novit. 5: 62.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps. Le troisiéme article aussi long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum plus de deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue assez
faiblement recourbée. Elytres densément et assez grossiérement ponctués, les
points sérialement disposés.

Rouge foncé, couvert d’une pubescence jaundtre entremélée de brun rougeatre.
Ecusson avec une bande longitudinale médiane brun foncé. Elytres revétus de
pubescence jaune paille et ornés, chacun, d’une grande tache circulaire discale basilaire
brun foncé, d’une tache brune subhumérale, d’une bande transversale postmédiane
brun foncé incurvée (4 convexité du cété apical) et d’une étroite bande transversale
brune préapicale fortement sinuée et peu apparente. Fémurs rembrunis partielle-
ment. Le scape, le quart apical des articles antennaires 3 et 4, la moitié apicale des
articles 5 a 8 et tous les quatre derniers articles brun foncé.

Long.: 6 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de Zululand: Eteza (leg. Hunt), dans la coll. Hunt.

242. Exocentrus sexseriatus Aurivillius
Exocentrus sexseriatus Aurivillius, 1908, Ent. Tidskr. 29 : 129.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que
le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux plus de deux fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum a peine deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue,
fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et assex finement ponctués, les points
réguliérement alignés.

Rouge, couvert de pubescence brun rougeatre. Front et dessous a fine pubescence
gris clair. Sur chaque élytre huit bandes longitudinales blanches parcourant la
moitié antérieure et huit autres courtes bandes pareilles formant une sorte de large
bande transversale postmédiane. La partie basilaire des articles antennaires a
partir du troisiéme a pubescence blanche.

Long.: 6mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de Zululand, au Musée de Stockholm.—Kenya : Mombasa
(British Muséum).

243. Exocentrus betschuanus sp. n.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres densément et assez grossiérement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés.

Rouge foncé. Front, dessous du corps et fémurs revétus d’une fine pubescence
grise. Disque du pronotum et élytres trés densément marbrés de jaune paille.
Elytres parsemés de trés petites taches brunes rangées en séries longitudinales et
ornés, chacun, d’une assez grande tache brune postmédiane latérale. Tibias rouge

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 317

clair. Tarses 4 pubescence brun foncé. Antennes a pubescence brun foncé, le
deuxiéme article, les deux tiers basilaires des articles 3 et 4, rouge clair. La base
des articles 5 4 11 a pubescence jaune blanchatre.

Long.: 6mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/4.

Type de Betschuanaland: Gaberones, leg. R. Ellenberger, au Muséum de Paris.

244. Exocentrus major Breuning
Exocentrus (Oligopsis) major Breuning, 1956, Occas. Papers nat. Mus. S. Rhodesia, No. 21, B : 87.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum deux
fois plus large que long, pourvu sur les cétés du disque de quelques points fins et
d’une longue épine latérale mince pas trés fortement recourbée et tronquée a l’apex.
Elytres densément et grossiérement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés,
moins réguliérement au quart sutural.

Brun foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence gris blanchatre. Elytres parsemés
de nombreuses petites taches circulaires brun foncé et ornés d’une bande trans-
versale peu large et fortement ondulée, brun foncé située un peu aprés le milieu.
La partie antérieure du disque du pronotum, les fémurs en partie, les tibias et les
articles antennaires 2 a 4, rouges. Les antennes revétues de pubescence brun
foncé, la base des articles 5 4 10 a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 8 mm.; Larg.: 3 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu de South Rhodesia: Khami, au Musée de Bulawayo.

245. Exocentrus viridipennis Breuning
Exocentrus (Oligopsis) viridipennis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No. 8: 14.

Antennes cassées au cinquiéme article chez l’unique exemplaire connu, le troisiéme
article un peu plus long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs
que les joues. Téte et pronotum trés densément et trés finement ponctués. Prono-
tum presque deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue
trés mince, dirigée obliquement vers l’arriére. Elytres trés densément et grossiére-
ment ponctués jusque juste avant l’apex, les points disposées en séries longitudinales
réguliéres.

Noir; la téte en grande partie rouge. Elytres d’un vert métallique, couverts
d’une pubescence blanchatre extrémement fine et garnis de longs poils dressés blan-
chatres. Les hanches, la moitié basilaire des fémurs et le quart basilaire des tibias,
rouges. Moitié basilaire des articles antennaires 3 et 4 et tiers basilaire du cin-
quiéme article 4 pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 8 mm.; Larg.: 3 mm. 1/2.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Kwango, Ngowa 4 l'Institut Royal des
Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.

318 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

246. Exocentrus unicoloripennis nom. nov. ;
Exocentrus (Ispateus) unicolor Breuning, 1956, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 32, No. 25: 19.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long que
lescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux sensiblement plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
plus de deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue,
fortement recourbée, précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres trés densément
et finement ponctués, les points sérialement disposés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence jaune grisatre ; les genoux, le deuxiéme article
des antennes, la moitié basilaire des articles 3 4 6 et la partie basilaire des articles
7 a II, rouges.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Kenya: Ziwani, au British Muséum sous le nom @’uni-
color. Ce nom étant préoccupé je le change en unicoloripennis.

247. Exocentrus nigroplagiatus Breuning
Exocentrus (Ispateus) nigroplagiatus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Inst. voy. Sc. nat. Belg. 32, No. 25: 18.

Antennes un peu moins longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Prono-
tum plus de deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue,
fortement recourbée, précédée d’une bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres densément
et grossiérement ponctués, les points réguliérement alignés.

Noir, couvert de pubescence blanchatre. Pronotum orné de quatre grandes
taches noires en oval allongé, les internes se joignant presque, chacune des latérales
embrassant l’épine latérale. Sur chaque élytre quatre grandes taches circulaires
noires : deux basilaires (une discale et une humérale) et deux médianes (une discale
et une latérale) ainsi qu’une étroite bande transversale préapicale ondulée noiratre
peu nette. Le sixiéme apical de l’élytre couvert de pubescence ochracée. Moitié
basilaire des tibias rouge clair, moitié apicale des tibias et les tarses 4 pubescence
noire. La partie apicale du scape et les articles antennaires 3 et 4, la moitié apicale
du cinquiéme article et les articles 6 4 11, sauf la partie basilaire du sixiéme sont
revétus de pubescence noire.

Long.: 6mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu du Kenya: Bura, Garissa, au British Muséum.

248. Exocentrus patrizii Breuning
Exocentrus (Ispaterus) patrizii Breuning, 1955, Aun. Mus. civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 48 : 41.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme articles un peu plus long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux plus de deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pro-
notum presque deux fois et demie plus large que long, trés densément et trés finement
ponctué, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres
densément et assez grossiérement ponctués, les points assez réguliérement <alignés,

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 319

Fic. 5. Exocentrus patrizii Breuning.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. les élytres ornés dans la moitié
antérieure et dans le quart apical de petites taches jaune blanchatre serrées, sériale-
ment disposées et condensées sous forme d’une bande transversale médiane ondulée.
Pettes et premiers articles antennaires rouges. Les articles antennaires a partir
du cinquiéme couverts de pubescence gris clair dans le tiers basilaire et de pubescence
brun foncé dans les deux tiers apicaux.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu de Somalie: Oiana di Fungalango, au Musée de Génes.—
Abyssinie: God Adda (British Muséum); Villagio Duca di Abruzzi (Musée de
Stockholm).

249. Exocentrus longipilis (Fairmaire)
Ispateus longipilis Fairmaire, 1892, Rev. d’Ent. 11 : 123.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le scape.
Lobes inférieurs des yeux plus de deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
plus de deux fois plus large que long, densément et trés finement ponctué, pourvu
d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et peu
finement ponctués, les points réguliérement alignés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence gris blanchatre. Pronotum avec quatre
bandes longitudinales vagues brunes, les deux internes rapprochées de la ligne

320 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

médiane, chacune des latérales située contre l’épine latérale. Elytres parsemés
de trés petites taches dénudées rangées en séries longitudinales et ornés, chacun,
d’une assez courte bande transversale médiane brun foncé formant un grand M.
La moitié basilaire des tibias rougeatre. Les articles antennaires 3 et 4 sauf a l’apex,
ainsi que le partie basilaire des articles suivants, rouges et couverts de fine pubescence
blanchatre.

Long.: 5 mm. 1/2-6 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/3-2 mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu d’Obock a I’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de
Belgique.—Djibouti (Muséum de Paris) ; Somalie: Dolo, Oddur (Musée de Génes) ;
Abyssinie: Gallococo (Musée de Génes) ; Diré Daua, Harrar (British Muséum) ;
Kenya: Mayudi (British Muséum); Taweta (Muséum de Paris); Tanganyika :
Mt. Meru (Musée de Stockholm).

250. Exocentrus exocentroides Thomson

Oligopsis exocentroides Thomson, 1864, Syst. Cer. : 111.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres densément et trés finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs, les points
sérialement disposés sauf sur le quart sutural.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence brun rougedtre. Elytres ornés de nombreuses
petites taches jaunatres rangées en séries longitudinales, agglomérées en une étroite
bande transversale médiane ondulée et faisant défaut sur l’emplacement d’une
bande transversale postmédiane ondulée assez large. L’extréme base des articles
antennaires 3 a I0 a pubescence jaune pale.

Long.: 5 mm. 1/2; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu de I’Ile Ceylan : Colombo, au Muséum de Paris.

251. Exocentrus albizziae Fisher
Exocentrus albizziae Fisher, 1932, Ind. For. Rec. 16 : 296, 319.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement
recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs,
les points sérialement disposés sauf sur le quart sutural.

Rouge foncé, couvert de pubescence jaune paille. Elytres revétus de pubescence
brun rougeatre et parsemés de nombreuses petites taches jaunes disposées en séries
longitudinales, mais faisant presque défaut sur l’emplacement d’une bande trans-
versale postmédiane qui remonte obliquement en direction de la marge externe,
et agglomérées en une étroite bande transversale médiane qui remonte obliquement
en direction de la marge externe.

Long.: 4 mm. 1/2-7 mm. 1/2; Larg.: I mm. 3/4-3 mm,

PE Sore,

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 321

Décrit sur des individus de |’Inde: Madras, Sappal, Palghat, au British Muséum
et au Musée de Dehra Dun.—Nilghiri Hills (British Muséum).

251. Exocentrus (Oligopsis) roonwali sp. n.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale pointue, assez
fortement recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur les deux tiers
antérieurs, les points sérialement disposés.

Brun foncé, couvert de pubescence gris clair entremélée de brun sur le disque du
pronotum. Elytres revétus de pubescence brun foncé et ornés dans la moitié
antérieure et dans le quart apical de trés nombreuses petites taches blanchatres,
rangées sérialement et confluents en partie. Ces taches font défaut sur une large
bande transversale postmédiane exception faite d’une série le long de la suture.
Pattes et antennes a pubescence brun foncé, la base des articles antennaires 3 a
II a pubescence gris blanc.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: 1 mm. 3/4.

Type un individu de l’Inde: Orissa, Angul, Purnakot Range, au Musée de
Dehra Dun.

253. Exocentrus annamensis Breuning
Exocentrus (Oligopsis) annamensis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No. 8: 15.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux deux fois plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recour-
bée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués sur les trois quarts antérieurs, les
points sérialement disposés.

Noir, couvert de pubescence brun foncé. Sur chaque élytre deux bandes trans-
versales blanchatres floues et peu apparentes, une postbasilaire et une médiane.

Long.: 5 mm.; Larg.: 2 mm.

Décrit sur un individu d’Annam: Muong-sen, sur le Nam-mo, a l'Institut Royal
des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.

254. Exocentrus timorensis Breuning
Exocentrus (Oligopsis) timorensis Breuning, 1957, Bull. Inst. roy. Sc. nat. Belg. 33, No. 8 : 14.

Antennes d’un quart plus longues que le corps ; le troisiéme article un peu plus
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum deux fois plus large que long, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue forte-
ment recourbée. Elytres densément et finement ponctués dans les deux tiers antér-
ieurs, les points y étant sérialement disposés, éparsément et trés finement ponctués
sur le tiers apical.

Rouge, couvert d’une trés fine pubescence blanchatre. Sur la moitié antérieure

322 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

de l’élytre douze séries longitudinales de trés petites taches jaune blanchatre
s’étendant a la suture encore un peu plus loin en arriére. Quart apical de |’élytre
couvert de fine pubescence blanchatre et parsemé de trés petites taches circulaires
dénudées. En plus sur chaque élytre une large bande transverale postmédiane
brun rougeatre incurvée (a convexité du cdété basilaire). Antennes revétues de
pubescence brun rougeatre, la moitié basilaire des articles 3 et 4 et la partie basilaire
des articles 5 4 9 a pubescence blanchatre.

Long.: 6mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur un individu de I’Ile de Timor, a l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles
de Belgique.

255. Exocentrus seriatomaculatus Schwarzer

Exocentrus seriatomaculatus Schwarzer, 1925, Ent. Bl. 21: 147; Gressit, 1951, Longicornia,
2: 526.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
quelescape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux de moitié plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
presque deux fois et demie plus large que long, pourvu d’une petite épine latérale
pointue, dirigée vers l’arriére. Elytres peu densément et finement ponctués, les
points sérialement disposés.

Rouge foncé, couvert d’une fine pubescence soyeuse grise. Elytres revétus
de pubescence brun rougeatre, parsemés de petites taches blanches rangées en sept
séries longitudinales sur chacun, les rangées 3 a 5 (compté de la suture) interrompues
peu largement aprés le milieu. Antennes a pubescence brun rougeatre foncé.

Long.: 4mm. 1/2; Larg.: 1 mm. 3/4.

Décrit sur des individus de l’Ile de Formose : Kankau, au Musée de Senckenberg.—
Ile Mindanao: Kolambugan (idem).

8. EXOCENTRUS SousGENRE FORMOSEXOCENTRUS nov.

Troisiéme article des antennes beaucoup plus long que le quatriéme. Elytres
_ arrondis a l’apex et pourvus de points irréguli¢rement disposés.
Type: Exocentrus variepennis (Schwarzer).

256. Exocentrus variepennis (Schwarzer)

Camptomyme ? variepennis Schwarzer, 1925, Ent. Bl. 21: 147.
Exocentrus variepennis (Schwarzer), Gressitt, 1938, Phillipp. Journ. Sc. 65: 168; 1951, Longi-
cornia, 2: 526.

Antennes d’un tiers plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article un peu plus long
que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux un peu plus longs que les joues. Pronotum
fortement transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue fortement recourbée.
Elytres assez densément et trés finement ponctués sur les deux tiers antérieurs.

Brun noir. Elytres bruns, marbrés de blanchatre dans la moitié antérieure et
ornés d’une étroit bande transversale postmédiane ondulée blanchatre, .L’extreme

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 323

base des articles antennaires 4 4 10 a pubescence blanchatre. Entiérement garni
de longs poils dressés noirs.

Long.: 3 mm.; Larg.: I mm.

Décrit sur un individu de l’Ile de Formose: Kankau, au Musée de Senckenberg.

9. EXOCENTRUS SousGENRE TUBERCULEXOCENTRUS nov.

Troisiéme article des antennes beaucoup plus long que le quatriéme. Elytres
arrondis a l’apex, pourvus de points subsérialement disposés ainsi que, chacun,
d’une petite bosse discale postbasilaire.

Type: Exocentrus basituberculatus Pic.

257. Exocentrus basituberculatus Pic
Exocentrus basituberculatus Pic, 1933, Mél. exot. ent. 62 : 29.

Antennes un peu plus longues que le corps, le troisiéme article aussi long que le
scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux sensiblement moins longs que les joues. Pronotum
transverse, pourvu d’une épine latérale pointue, fortement recourbée. Elytres
densément et finement ponctués dans la moitié antérieure, les points en partie
alignés, trés finement et éparsément ponctués dans la moitié postérieure, 4 angle apical
sutural indiqué, pourvus, chacun, d’une petite bosse discale postbasilaire.

Téte, pronotum et quart basilaire des élytres rouge, les trois quarts postérieurs
des élytres d’un noir luisant. Chaque élytre avec deux bandes blanchatres floues
et peu apparentes, une prémédiane incurvée et une postmédiane transversale.
Dessous du corps noir. Prosternum et pattes rouges. Antennes rouges, la moitié
apicale du troisiéme article et les 4 4 11 brun foncé, le quart basilaire du quatriéme
article 4 pubescence blanche.

Long.: 4mm.; Larg.: I mm. 2/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Tonkin: Hoa-Binh, dans la coll. Pic.

10. EXOCENTRUS SousGENRE DENTEXOCENTRUS BrEUNING
Exocentrus Sousgenre Dentexocentrus Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 135.

Troisiéme article des antennes un peu moins long que le quatriéme. Chaque
élytre étiré en une épine apicale.
Type: Exocentrus dentipes Breuning.

258. Exocentrus dentipes Breuning
Exocentrus (Dentexocentrus) dentipes Breuning, 1956, Bull. Ann. Soc. Roy. ent. Belg. 92 : 13.

Antennes aussi longues que le corps, le troisiéme article sensiblement moins
long que le scape. Lobes inférieurs des yeux quatre fois plus longs que les joues.
Pronotum fortement transverse, pourvu d’une assez longue épine latérale pointue

324 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

dirigée vers l’arriére et précédée d’une faible bosse latérale obtuse. Elytres trés
densément et trés finement ponctués sur les quatre cinquiémes antérieurs et étirés,
chacun, en une é€pine apicale.

Noir, couvert de pubescence noire. Sur chaque élytre trois bandes transversales
ondulées, une médiane blanchatre, une postbasilaire et une préapicale gris clair,
la premiére étroite, les deux autres assez larges. Dessous du corps a pubescence
gris blanchatre. Tibias et antennes rouges.

Long.: 6mm.; Larg.: 2 mm. 1/3.

Décrit sur un individu du Congo belge: Riv. Mamboyo, Dongo au Musée de
Tervueren.

INDEX ALPHABETIQUE

actinophorae Fisher, 222, 290 callioides Pascoe, 216, 282
acutispina Fairmaire, 219, 283 Camptomyme Pascoe, 213, 246
adspersus Mulsant, 214, 227 carissae Fisher, 218, 270
albizziae Fisher, 225, 320 celebicus Breuning, 222, 292
alboguttatus Fisher, s.sp., 292 centenes Pascoe, 221, 286
albolineatus Breuning, 225, 310 Centenexocentrus Breuning, 212, 221
albomaculatus Pic, 213, 234 centenoides Breuning, 221, 286
alboscutellaris Breuning, 218, 271 championi Fisher, 223, 302
alboseriatus Gahan, 223, 298 chatterjeei Fisher, 220, 270
albosignatus Lepesme & Breuning, 220, 253 chevangeont Lepesme & Breuning, 218, 247
albosticticus Breuning, 213, 243 ciliatissimus Gressitt, 217, 283
albostictipennis Breuning, 220, 260 clavae Mulsant, 227
albostriatus Hintz, 219, 255 coeruleus Breuning, 216, 254
albovarius Fisher, 214, 230 collarti Breuning, 223, 301
albovitiatus Breuning, 225, 309 convadtt Breuning, 218, 251
albovittipennis Breuning, 225, 309 constricticollis Gressitt, 221, 273
alluaudi Breuning, 220, 267 coomant Pic, 275
alni Fisher, 223, 301 costatus Breuning, 219, 277
alternans Breuning, 225, 308 crassepunctus Lepesme & Breuning, 222, 313
andamanensis Fisher, 223, 298 crinitus Panzer, 226
angusticollis Fisher, 219, 280 cudvaniae Fisher, 224, 302
annamensis Breuning, 226, 321 curtipennis Pic, 228
armatus Hintz, 216, 249 cyaneus Breuning, 216, 277
artocarpt Fisher, 221, 286
asmarensis Breuning, 214, 239 dalbergiae Fisher, 224, 302
aureomaculatus Aurivillius, 219, 262 dalbergianus Gressitt, 223, 294
auveopilosus Breuning, 218, 267 decellet Breuning, 214, 241

decorset Breuning, 219, 249
badius Fisher, 214, 230 densefuscosticticus Breuning, 225, 312
balteata Gyllenhall, 226 Dentexocentrus Breuning, 212, 323
balieus Schiddte, 226 dentipes Breuning, 226, 323
Barbierexocentrus Breuning, 212, 288 diversiceps Pic, 222, 300
barbieri Pic, 221, 288 downingi Fisher, 216, 235
basilanus Breuning, 219, 280 dreschert Fisher, 219, 278
basirufus Gressitt, 218, 272
basituberculatus Pic, 226, 323 echimys Pascoe, 215, 231
bauhiniae Fisher, 213, 232 echinulus Gahan, 220, 261
beesoni Fisher, 215, 235 enganensis Breuning, 213, 233
betschuanus Breuning, 226, 316 evinaceus Pascoe, 216, 231
bialbomarmoratus Breuning, 215, 243 exiguus Gahan, 220, 262
bicolor Pascoe, 216, 282 exocentroides Thomson, 225, 320
bicolor Pic, 300 Exocentrus Mulsant, 213, 226
bicoloripennis Breuning, 221, 287 explanatidens Pic, 217, 271
bifasciatus Lepesme & Breuning, 260
binaluensis Breuning, 216, 280 fasciolatus Bates, 220, 274
binhensis Breuning, 224, 297 femoralis Hintz, 216, 250
birmanus Breuning, 218, 271 jfernandopoanus Baguena & Breuning, 217, 248
blétei Breuning, 222, 290 ficicola Fisher, 221, 270
brevis Jordan, 260 jisheri Gressitt, 221, 294

brevisetosus Gressitt, 214, 229 flavofasciatus Breuning, 219, 260

326 REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

flemingiae Fisher, 222, 299

Formosexocentrus Breuning, 213, 322
fouqueti Pic, 222, 296

freyt Breuning, 216, 244

fumosus Gahan, 224, 298

fuscoscapus Breuning, 299
fuscosignatipennis Hunt & Breuning, 220, 263
fuscosignatus Breuning, 214, 242
fuscovittatus Breuning, 219, 267

galloist Matsushita, 214, 228
gardneri Fisher, 223, 304
gardnerianus Breuning, 220, 266
gedeensis Breuning, 217, 278
ghesquierei Breuning, 223, 313
graecus Pic, 228

granulicollis Fisher, 222, 301
greviae Fisher, 223, 303
grisescens Jordan, 215, 241
grossepunctatus Breuning, 218, 261
guineensis Breuning, 220, 246
guttulatus Bates, 224, 292

hageni Breuning, 213, 233

hallet Lepesme & Breuning, 215, 243
hirtus Fisher, 220, 279

hispiduloides Breuning, 221, 285
hispidulus Pascoe, 221, 284
humeralis Aurivillius, 216, 279
hupehensis Gressitt, 217, 273

immaculatus Gressitt, 222, 293

inclusus Pascoe, 224, 224, 308

indicola Fisher, 222, 306

insularis Fisher, 219, 281

insularis Fisher, 232

insulicola Breuning, 214, 232
interruptefasciatus Hunt & Breuning, 214, 238
Ispaterus Fairmaire, 315

ivorensis Breuning, 224, 315

javaensis Breuning, 217, 278
jeanneli Breuning, 220, 266
josephi Duvivier, 215, 240

kalshoveni Fisher, 219, 277
kashmirensis Breuning, 215, 237
klappericht Breuning, 214, 236
kuluensis Breuning, 224, 306

lachrymosus Pascoe, 213, 232

lacteolus Distant, 213, 238
latefasciatipennis Breuning, 219, 248
latefasciatus Hunt & Breuning, 218, 265

lateralis Gahan, 223, 308
lateralis Pic, 222, 300
lateraloides Breuning, 300
latevittipennis Breuning, 220, 256
leucolineatus Breuning, 219, 256
leucostriatus Breuning, 219, 255
lineatus Bates, 215, 229
lineellus Fairmaire, 306
lineolatus Miiller, 219, 269
longipilis Fairmaire, 225, 319
lusitanicus Olivier, 226
lusitanus Linné, 215 226

maculatus Hintz, 251
madecassus Fairmaire, 215, 237
maiae Lepesme & Breuning, 216, 247
majoy Breuning, 225, 317
malloti Fisher, 224, 304
marginicollis Fisher, 223, 297
marmoratus Hintz, 251

massartt Breuning, 214, 241
meridionalis Breuning, 225, 316
m-fuscus Breuning, 215, 244
mindanaoensis Fisher, 221, 286
mindoroanus Breuning, 223, 291
mindoroensis Breuning, 222, 291
minimus Breuning, 218, 248
mirvet Lepesme & Breuning, 222, 312
miselloides Breuning,217, 282
misellus Lameere, 217, 275
moerens Pascoe, 217, 275
monticola Fisher, 224, 303
multiguitulatus Pic, 218, 275
multilineatus Breuning, 225, 311
multivittatus Breuning, 218, 256
murinus Breuning, 221, 264

neopomerianus Breuning, 221, 285
nigey Breuning, 216, 257
nigrescens Breuning, 218, 258
nigvicollis Hintz, 221, 252
nigronotatus Pic, 223, 296
nigroplagiatus Breuning, 225, 318
nitens Jordan, 217, 250
nonymoides Jordan, 218, 254

obliquevitiatus Breuning, 225, 314
obscurior Pic, S.sp., 293
occidentalis Breuning, 214, 245
ochreopunctatus Breuning, 215, 240
ochroevitticolliis Breuning, 225, 314
Oligopsis Thomson, 213, 225
orientalis Breuning, 220, 265
ortmansi Gahan, 241

REVISION DU GENRE EXOCENTRUS MULSANT 327

parvotiae Fisher, 214, 236 sjéstedti Breuning, 219, 265
parterufipennis Breuning, 221, 291 stierlint Ganglbauer, 215, 227
pairizii Breuning, 226, 318 Striatexocentrus Lepesme & Breuning, 246
philippinensis Breuning, 216, 281 strigosus Jordan, 219, 251
philippinus Fisher, 215, 231 subarmatus Baguena & Breuning, 216, 249
philippinus Fisher, 281 subbicolor Breuning, 222, 300
pici Breuning, 215, 230 subbidentatus Gressitt, 217, 273
pilosicornis Fisher, 221, 305 subconjunctus Gressitt, 293
plagiatus Hintz, 214, 242 subexiguus Breuning, 224, 307
pseudandamanensis Breuning, 213, 234 subfasciatipennis Breuning, 224, 305
pseudexiguus Breuning, 224, 307 subfasciatus Jordan, 220, 253
Pseudocentrus Fairmaire, 213, 289 subfasciatus Pic, 305
pseudomurinus Breuning, 221, 269 subglaber Fisher, 216, 279
pseudonitens Breuning, 217, 266 subgrisescens Breuning, 223, 313
pseudoruficollis Breuning, 213, 239 subinclusus Hunt & Breuning, 218, 264
pubescens Fisher, 223, 304 sublateralis Breuning, 223, 311
pubicornis Schrank, 226 sublineatus Breuning, 215, 233
punctipennis Mulsant & Guillebeau, 214, 228 submisellus Breuning, 217, 276
submoerens Breuning, 217, 274
quercus Rossi, 226 subnitens Breuning, 216, 250
subpilosus Piller & Mitterpiller, 226
vaffrayi Breuning, 220, 268 subplagiatus Breuning, 214, 242
veveliert Mulsant & Rey, 227 subreticulatus Breuning, 223, 307
veticulatus Fairmaire, 223, 306 subruficollis Breuning, 213, 239
rhodesianus Breuning, 218, 262 subrufus Breuning, 216, 258
voonwali Breuning, 225, 321 subsertatus Breuning, 220, 263
vubripennis Pic, 298 substrigosus Hunt & Breuning, 218, 263
vufescens Pic, 293 sudanicus Aurivillius, 221, 268
vuficollis Lameere, 213, 238 sumbawanus Breuning, 223, 289
vuficoloy Pic, 222, 295 sumatranus Breuning, 218, 276
vuficornis Hintz, 217, 252 sumatrensis Fisher, 219, 276
vufiscapus Pic, 299 suturalis Pic, 215, 234
vufithovax Gressitt, 222, 294
vufoampliatus Breuning, 222, 300 tectonae Fisher, 223, 289
vufobasiantennalis Breuning, 221, 287 terminaliae Fisher, 222, 304
vufobasicornis Breuning, 220, 258 tesselatus Perroud, 213, 236
vufobasipennis Breuning, 222, 300 testaceus Fisher, 222, 299
vufohumeralis Breuning, 221, 290 testudineus Matsushita, 213, 229
vufotibialis Breuning, 220, 246 theresae Pic, 224, 295
vufus Breuning, 216, 257 timorensis Breuning, 225, 321
tippmanni Breuning, 224, 312
saitoi Matsushita, 222, 294 tonkineus Pic, 223, 296
saleyerianus Breuning, 224, 298 tvanseuns Breuning, 216, 281
santali Fisher, 224, 305 tvansversifrons Fisher, 215, 235
savioi Pic, 214, 228 trifasciatus Fisher, 224, 302
schoutedeni Breuning, 218, 259 trifasciellus Gressitt, 217, 272
senegalensis Breuning, 224, 315 trinigrovittatus Breuning, 215, 239
seviatomaculatus Schwarz, 225, 322 tristis Pascoe, 216, 282
seviatopunctatus Aurivillius, 221, 285 Tuberculexocentrus Breuning, 213, 323
seviatus Jordan, 220, 252
seticollis Fisher, 224, 303 ugandicola Breuning, 214, 240
sexseriatus Aurivillius, 225, 316 undulatofasciatus Lepesme & Breuning, 235
signatus Mulsant & Rey, 228 untcoloy Breuning, 318

signatus Pic, 230 unicolory Fisher, 216, 281

328 REVISION DU GENRA EXOCENTRUS MULSANT

unicoloripennis Breuning, 226, 318
univittatus Breuning, 217, 247

vagemaculatus Breuning, 217, 257
vagesticticus Breuning, 218, 259
vaneyent Breuning, 218, 259
variegatus Duvivier, 220, 260
variepennis Schwarz, 226, 322

viridipennis Breuning, 225, 317
vittatus Fisher, 219, 269
vittulatus Aurivillius, 225, 311

Woodlarkexocentrus Breuning, 212, 288
woodlarkianus Breuning, 221, 288

ziczac Breuning, 215, 244
zikawetensis, Savio, 222, 295

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN
EMESINAE
(REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA)
IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), LONDON

P. WYGODZINSKY

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 6
LONDON : 1958

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE
(REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA) IN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY),
LONDON

P. WYGODZINSKY |

Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucum4n, Argentina \

Pp. 329-346 ; 68 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 6
LONDON: 1958

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, 1s
issued in five series corresponding to the Departments
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within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 7, No. 6 of the Entomological
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7 NOV 1958

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Issued October, 1958 Price Six Shillings

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE
(REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA) IN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY),
LONDON

By P. WYGODZINSKY

THE species of Emesinae described and discussed in the present paper were sent to
me for study by Dr. W. E. China and N. C. E. Miller and belong to the British
Museum (Nat. Hist.). My thanks are due to the gentlemen mentioned for giving
me the opportunity to examine these insects.

Bagauda aurarius sp. n.

Female. Length 6:5 mm. Head, fore lobe of pronotum, coxae and abdomen
ventrally, golden-brown. Hind lobe of pronotum dark brown, with a delicate line
along middle, whitish ; disk with 1 + 1 sublateral fasciae golden-brown. Scutellum
and postscutellum dark brown. Fore wings brownish, veins dark brown, those
limiting large cell, yellowish, most veins bordered with yellow ; a few short stripes
of the same colour on apical portion of fore wings. Connexival segment with one-
third yellow and two-thirds piceous. Antennae and mid and hind legs uniformly
dark brown.

Shape of head as in Text-figs. r and 2. Eyes rather small, subcircular in lateral
aspect, not attaining level of apparent dorsal and ventral surface of head. Distance
between eyes dorsally about twice their width. Shape and relative size of segments
of rostrum as in Text-fig. 2. Antennae bare ; second segment slightly shorter than
first. Postocular portion of head with sides moderately convergent posteriorly ;
postero-lateral angles prominent in dorsal view; strongly declivous behind in
lateral aspect.

Shape of pronotum as in Text-figs. r and 2. Fore and hind lobe of subequal
length. Fore lobe subcylindrical, very slightly widened about middle, slightly
convex above, almost smooth, without impressed longitudinal line. Hind lobe
somewhat widened posteriorly, hind border slightly emarginate ; surface distinctly
granulose. Fore lobe laterally with a distinct longitudinal carina which attains
anterior portion of hind lobe. Scutellum and postscutellum each with a rather
wide median carina.

Fore wings attaining apex of abdomen, their shape and venation as in Text-fig.
I. First 7-m cross-vein situated basad of basal angle of large discal cell; vein
emanating from apex of said cell much shorter than the latter.

ENTOM. 7. 6. 19§

332 NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA) |

Legs slender. Coxa of first pair as long as fore lobe of pronotum. Femur
moderately widened (Text-fig. 3). Postero-ventral series beginning at some distance
from base of article, composed of several rather large spine-like setae, followed by
5 large and about 25 short spines (Text-fig. 4). Antero-ventral series widely inter-
rupted at base (Text-fig. 4), composed of a few rather elongate spine-like setae and
about 30 short spinulets. Accessory series well developed, composed of subequal

Fics. 1-7. Bagauda aurarius sp. n. 1, General aspect, dorsal view ; 2, head and pro-
thorax, lateral aspect ; 3, fore leg; 4, base of fore femur; 5, fore tarsus ; 6, spines of
under surface of fore tibia ; 7, apex of fore tarsus with claws. Wygodzinsky del.

small spinulets. Tibia five-eighths as long as coxa, tarsus as long as tibia, both
together slightly shorter than femur. Tibia ventrally with 2 series of spines, some- —
what different in shape and size (Text-fig. 6). Tarsus as in Text-fig. 5 ; first segment
twice as long as second and third together, at base with a fascia of short bristles and
on ventral surface with a series of adpressed setae. Claws subequal in size (Text-
fig. 7). Mid and hind legs moderately elongate, hind femora surpassing apex of
abdomen by 2°5 mm.

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA) 333

Abdomen subfusiform, widest on posterior third; under surface moderately
convex, subflattened on basal half.

Material examined. Gold Coast Colony, Enchi, Capt. B. D. Peake Coll. (1 female,
holotype) Brit. Mus. 1924—368.

This new species is nearest to B. minusculus Villiers, 1949 from which it differs
as follows :

1, Vein emanating from apex of discal cell three-quarters as long as cell; basal r—-m
cross-vein at level of basal angle of discal cell. Connexivum uniformly coloured.
Mid and hind femora whitish apically. Fore tarsi with one large and one very
smallclaw . j : ; ; : ; ; 2 : minusculus Villiers
- Vein emanating from apex of discal cell less than one-half the length of cell; basal
vy—m cross-vein basad of basal angle of cell. Connexivum with dark and clear spots.
Mid and hind femora uniformly dark. Fore tarsi with claws subequal in size aurarius sp. n.

Gardena cheesmanae sp. n.

Macropterous male and female. Length 11 mm. Colour of head, thorax and
abdomen, dark piceous ; head somewhat clear-coloured behind eyes and at base of
antenniferous tubercles. Antennae and rostrum uniformly dark. Legs dark
brown, pigmentation somewhat less intense towards apex of femora and tibiae ;
femora of second and third pair with a wide apical and corresponding tibiae with
a wide basal annulus, whitish. Fore wings greyish-brown, veins darker. Con-
nexivum at segmental borders with a small whitish spot. Surface of head and
prothorax strongly polished, bare; meso- and metathorax, legs and abdomen
shining, but covered with microscopic pile, the latter rather dense on abdomen
ventrally.

Head as in Text-figs. 8 and 9. Width of eyes of male one half, of female one third
of the distance between them dorsally; in lateral view, eyes not attaining level
of dorsal and ventral surface of head. Shape and relative size of segments of rostrum
as in Text-fig. 9. Postocular region of head rather short, sides strongly convergent
in dorsal view, distinctly detached from neck. First segment of antennae of male
_with not very numerous slender hairs which are hardly longer than diameter of seg-
ment, very sparse towards apex of article. Antennae of female completely bare.
Length of first segment 5-8-6 mm.; relative length of segments = 1 : 0°8 : 0-12 : 0°35.

Shape of pronotum as in Text-figs 8 and g; fore and hind lobe separated dorsally
by a rather wide transverse depression ; posterior border of pronotum bisinuate.
Fore lobe microscopically reticulate, pilosity very sparse, posterior longitudinal
furrow indistinct. Hind lobe conspicuously wrinkled, with exception of lateral
borders and humeral callosities.

Fore wings almost attaining apex of abdomen ; their venation as in Text-fig. 14.
Hind wings complete.

_ Fore legs as in Text-figs. 10-13. Coxa slightly shorter than pronotum; tibia
about as long as coxa, two-thirds of length of femur. Distance from first spine of
postero-ventral series to base of article equal to about one-twelfth of total length of
femur, or about twice the length of this spine plus its base. Postero-ventral series
composed of about 5 large, 10-12 medium-sized and very numerous small spines

334 NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA)

inserted upon very short bases. Antero-ventral series not interrupted at base,
composed of long and short spine-like setae (Text-fig. 11). Spines on under surface
of tibia short, peg-like (Text-fig. 12). Tarsus as usual for the genus, the three
segments of subequal length ; one claw with four small teeth on basal half (Text-fig.
13), the other one simple, with a deep incision at centre of under surface. Mid and
hind legs without special characters ; hind femora surpassing apex of abdomen by
4°45 mm.

Fics. 8-20. Gardena cheesmanae sp.n. 8, Head and pronotum of male, seen from above ;
9, head and prothorax, lateral view ; 10, fore leg; 11, base of fore femur ; 12, spines of
under surface of fore tibia ; 13, claw of foreleg ; 14, fore wing; 15, apex of abdomen of
male, seen from above ; 16, hypopygium, seen from behind ; 17, apex of abdomen of
male, lateral view ; 18, apex of abdomen of female, seen from above and behind ; 19,
idem, lateral view ; 20, idem, ventral aspect. Wygodzinsky del.

Abdomen elongate fusiform, widest on posterior third. Ventral surface smooth,
with very delicate transverse striae; longitudinal carina absent. The first three
visible sternites of subequal length. Sternites II-VI of female emarginate posteriorly,
hind border of sternite VII straight across ; genital region of female as in Text-figs.
18-20. Sternites II-VI of male strongly emarginate behind at centre, VII moder-
ately so, VIII almost straight across. Genital segments as in Text-figs. 15-17;
last tergite slender, almost pointed apically, not completely covering genitalia from
above ; posterior projection of hypopygium slender, short, not surpassing level of

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA) 335

superior border of parameres when seen from behind (Text-fig. 16), the latter short,
simple.

Material examined. Papua, Kokoda, 1,200 ft. x.1933, L. E. Cheesman coll.
(1 male, holotype) Brit. Mus. 1933—427. Dutch New Guinea, Cyclops Mts., Sabron,
2,000 ft., vi. 1936 (1 female, allotype) Brit. Mus. 1936—271.

This species, which is dedicated to its collector, belongs to a group of Oriental and
Pacific species characterized by the small body size (15 mm. or less). G. brevicollis
Stal, 1870 and G. muscicapa (Bergroth, 1906) are apparently nearest to cheesmanae.
The following key shows the relationships of the species mentioned above :

1. Distance from first spine of fore femur to base of article equal to about twice the
length of spine with its basal tubercle included (Text-fig. 11) ; 2
— Distance from first spine of fore femur to base of article equal to at least five times

the length of said spine with its basal tubercle
brevicollis Stal.

2. First article of antennae of male with dense hairs several times as long as diameter of

segment, on its whole length. Fore and hind lobe of pronotum separated dorsally

by a very narrow cleft ; fore lobe with very dense pile, dull appearing ; hind lobe

with posterior border straight. Basal region of mid and hind tibiae with a small

but distinct dark spot followed by a short white annulus. Last tergite of male

relatively wide, subrounded apically : . muscicapa (Bergroth)
- First article of antennae of male on basal half with not very numerous hairs which

are not much longer than diameter of segment. Fore and hind lobe of pronotum

separated dorsally by a rather extensive depression (Text-fig. 8) ; fore lobe almost

without pile, appearing polished ; hind lobe bisinuate at base (Text-fig. 8). Base

of mid and hind tibia uniformly white. Last tergite of male rather slender, subpointed

apically (Text-fig. 15) . ‘ : ; . : . : cheesmanae sp. 0.

Dohrnemesa buyassuana sp. n.

Macropterous female. Length to apex of fore wings, 15:5 mm., of head and pro-
notum together, 6°8, of fore wings, 8-7 mm. General colour clear to dark brown,
pattern elements yellowish to white. Body almost bare, some regions with sparse
relatively long hairs, especially distinctive on pronotum, ventral surface of meso-
and metathorax, and apex of abdomen ventrally.

Shape of head as in Text-figs. 21 and 22. Postocular region without dorsal
projections, bisinuate laterally, moderately declivous in lateral view; a few long
hairs behind eyes. The latter large, circular in lateral view, not attaining level of
dorsal or ventral surface of head ; their distance dorsally only very slightly larger
than their width. Shape and relative size of rostral segments as in Text-fig. 22.
Antennae slender, bare ; length of first segment, 6-5 mm.; relative length of segments:
I:0°95:0:2:?. Head dark brown, with 2 + 2 yellowish spots behind eyes sub-
laterally ; neck dorsally and a slender longitudinal line on dorsal surface of postocular
portion, yellow. Rostrum piceous, with extreme base of first, apex of second and
base of third segment, yellowish. First segment of antennae yellow, with one
extremely short basal, one medium sized sub-basal and apical, and two wide sub-
median annuli, dark brown; distance between submedian annuli shorter than their
width. Second segment yellowish white, with one sub-basal, two submedian and
one subapical annulus, dark brown, these annuli progressively larger towards apex ;

336 NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA)

distance between annuli as wide as (the two basal) or shorter than (the two apical)
annuli. Third segment dark brown, extreme apex whitish.

Shape of pronotum as in Text-figs. 21 and 22. Petiole very slender, not distinctly
detached from fore lobe, almost twice as long as hind lobe; the latter with sides
almost parallel, accompanied sublaterally on disk by 1 + 1 faint but distinct carinae ;
humeri very slightly elevated only; hind border faintly emarginated. Scutellum
with a rather long spine, metanotum with a very short projection. Colour of fore

Fics. 21-30. Dohrnemesa buyassuana sp. n. 21, Head and thorax, seen from above ; 22,
head and pronotum, lateral view ; 23, fore leg, with colour pattern ; 24, base of fore
femur, ventral portion ; 25, spines of under surface of fore tibiae ; 26, fore claw; 27,
fore wing, with colour pattern; 28, part of venation of fore wing; 29, venation of
hind wing ; 30, abdomen, seen from below. Wygodzinsky del.

lobe darker, of hind lobe clear brown, petiole mainly yellowish, with a delicate
dark stripe dorsally ; carinae of hind lobe yellowish, shining, rest of surface of hind
lobe dull, slightly wrinkled transversally on anterior third. Scutellum with spine
yellowish, metanotum dark brown. Lateral and ventral surface of meso- and meta-
thorax dark brown, with rather dense short silvery adpressed hairs, partially arranged
in fasciae,

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA) 337

Fore legs very slender (Text-fig. 23). Coxa slightly longer than petiole of prono-
tum. Postero-ventral series of femur beginning almost at base of article, composed
of about ro larger and 40 smaller setiferous tubercles beset with short spines, the
spines of the larger tubercles about as long as their bases, those of short tubercles
longer than the latter (Text-fig. 24). Large tubercles together with their apical
spines somewhat shorter than half the length of diameter of segment. Antero-
ventral series composed of very short spines. Ventral surface of femur furthermore
with two series of long slender strongly sclerotized setae. Tibia ventrally with one
row of about 55 short spines of two sizes (Text-fig. 25), and two series of long setae.
Tarsus short, as usual for the genus, claws with several appendages on basal half
(Text-fig. 26). Mid and hind legs slender, elongate, bare ; hind femora surpassing
apex of fore wings by 10 mm. Fore legs yellowish white, with dark annuli as in
Text-fig. 23. Mid and hind coxae dark brown; femora yellowish, with 5-6 dark
annuli along their whole length, distance between them about as wide as annuli,
apex whitish; tibiae yellowish-white, on basal half with 4 dark annuli, the first
sub-basal one very narrow, the remaining ones wider, but shorter than the distance
between them.

Fore wings surpassing apex of abdomen by about 1 mm.; their venation as in
Text-figs. 27 and 28; basal discal cell elongate apically, cu—an cross-vein situated
basad of apex of cell. Colour of fore wings rather uniformly dark brown, large
discal cell and apex of wing with faint coarse yellowish reticulation ; apical region of
basal discal cell with a diagonal whitish spot which attains both margins. Veins
dark or whitish, as in Text-fig. 27. Hind wings complete, their venation as in
Text-fig. 29.

Abdomen slender at base, somewhat widened posteriorly, connexival margin
undulate (Text-fig. 30) ; projections of last three segments the largest, identical in
size. Colour of abdomen piceous ventrally, with a few yellowish spots on posterior
half ; connexival segments with alternate piceous and yellowish-white portions.

Material examined. Parana de Buyassti, Lower Amazon, 17.i.1896, E. E. Austen
Coll. (x female, holotype) Brit. Mus. 1896—8o.

This species differs from D. santost Wygodzinsky, 1945, and D. lanei Wygodzinsky,
1945 (both from southern Brazil) by the much longer petiole of the pronotum, the
distinctly undulate connexival margin and the very different colour pattern of the
fore wings ; it differs furthermore from santosi by the cu—an cross-vein inserted basad
of the apex of the basal discal cell and from Janet by the small size of the larger
spiniferous processes of the fore femora, in addition to other characters.

Dohrnemesa exporrecta sp. n.

Macropterous male. Length to apex of fore wings, 11m. Conspicuously pictured,
with pattern elements from white to clear brown and piceous. Very short hairs only
present.

Shape of head as in Text-figs. 31 and 32. Anteocular portion moderately convex
above ; postocular region dorsally behind eyes somewhat salient laterally, strongly
elevated at centre and with a short slender spine-like projection ; rather strongly

338 NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA)

declivous behind. Distance between eyes dorsally distinctly less than their width ;
eyes rounded in lateral view, slightly surpassing level of inferior margin of head.
Size and shape of rostral segments as in Text-fig. 32 ; second as long as first, slightly
thickened anteriorly. Antennae not examined. Colour of head piceous, a small
spot behind eyes laterally, apex of central dorsal projection, and a slender line on
postocular region dorsally, whitish; clear brown at insertion of rostrum. First
segment of rostrum whitish at base and apex, brown centrally ; second segment
piceous, white on apical third ; third segment dark brown, white on basal third.

Pronotum as in Text-figs. 31 and 32. Fore lobe subglobular in dorsal view,
rather sharply detached from petiole, about as long as the latter. Hind lobe
three-fourths as long as fore lobe and pedunculate portion together, its sides slightly
diverging posteriorly ; humeri with 1+ 1 short but distinct spine-like projec-
tions ; posterior border slightly emarginate. Disk smooth, sublaterally with 1 + 1
carinae which are most distinct anteriorly. Scutellum with a very short spine;
spine of metanotum present, its length? (broken). Fore lobe and petiole whitish,
the former with a faint brownish tinge, the latter with 1 + 1 lateral elongate piceous
patches anteriorly, dorsally and posteriorly with a faint brownish longitudinal
fascia. Hind lobe dark brown to piceous, rather irregularly mottled with whitish ;
carinae and apex of humeral spines, white. Scutellum with spine dark brown,
its hind margin very narrowly white. Metanotum dark brown, whitish at insertion
of spine. Pattern of prothorax laterally as in Text-fig. 32 ; meso- and metathorax
piceous laterally and ventrally, hind border of mesothorax broadly whitish at sides.

Fore legs as in Text-fig. 33. Coxa as long as fore lobe and petiole of pronotum
together. Postero-ventral series of femur beginning at base of article, composed of
6 large and approximately 45 medium-sized and small spiniferous tubercles (Text-fig.
34) ; spines of large tubercles about as long as the latter, those of small ones con-
siderably longer relatively ; large tubercles together with spines as long as diameter
of segment. Antero-ventral series not interrupted at base, composed of 12-14
medium-sized spiniferous projections and about 70 small and very small slender
spines inserted upon very short bases, these spines become slightly longer towards
apex of segment. Setae accompanying antero-ventral series very short and slender,
almost indistinguishable from ordinary hairs, those accompanying postero-ventral
series large as usual for the genus. Ventral surface of tibia with about 70 small
spines of roughly two sizes (Text-fig. 35), arranged in a single series, accompanied
by two rows of long setae. Fore tarsus and claws as usual for the genus (Text-fig.
36). Mid and hind legs not examined. Colour of fore legs white, with brown and
piceous annuli as in Text-fig. 33.

Fore wings surpassing apex of abdomen by about I mm., their shape and venation
as in Text-fig. 37. Basal discal cell only slightly elongated at inner apical angle ;
cu—an cross-vein inserted very little basad of apex of cell. General colour of fore
wings clear brown, mottled with dark brown and piceous; apical two-thirds of
basal discal cell with adjacent regions and 1 + 1 large spots laterally beyond apex
of discal cell, white. Venation of hind wing as shown for bwyassuana.

Abdomen as in Text-fig. 38, shortly pedunculate at base, widened on apical two-
thirds, with connexival segments strongly lobate, most conspicuously so on segment

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA) 339

V. Spiracles of segment III shortly pedunculate, the remaining sessile. Dorsal
or ventral projections lacking. Ventral surface flattened on anterior, moderately
convex on posterior half. Hypopygium short, covered dorsally by the subtriangular
eighth tergite (Text-fig. 39), posteriorly with a spine-like upwardly directed pro-

Goal =

i wil

Fics. 31-43. Dohrnemesa exporrecta sp. n. 31, Head and pronotum, dorsal view; 32,
head and prothorax, lateral aspect ; 33, fore leg, with colour pattern ; 34, base of fore
femur; 35, spines of ventral surface of fore tibia ; 36, claw of fore leg ; 37, fore wing,
with colour pattern ; 38, abdomen, seen from below ; 39, apex of abdomen of male, seen
from above ; 40, apex of hypopygium, high magnification ; 41, paramere ; 42, phallus,
dorsal view ; 43, idem, lateral aspect. Wygodzinsky del.

340 NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA)

jection at centre (Text-fig. 40). Shape and chaetotaxy of parameres as in Text-fig.
41. Shape and structure of phallus as in Text-figs. 42 and 43.

Material examined. St. Vincent, West Indies, H. H. Smith Coll. (1 male, holotype)
Brit. Mus, 1895—206.

This insect differs from the species included heretofore in Dohrnemesa by numerous
characters, such as the much shorter pronotum, the wide abdomen with its flaring
connexival segments, the distinctly spined humeri, the almost inconspicuous row
of long setae accompanying the antero-ventral series of the fore femora, and the
smaller size. “ Westermannia”’ difficilis Dohrn, 1860 (Colombia) is apparently
nearly related to the present species, but to judge from its colour characters it is
clearly distinct. ‘‘ Westermannia”’ difficilis sensu Champion, 1898, is equally
different, as shown by the figures given by that author, though it doubtlessly belongs
to the same group. |

Stenolemus eucnemus sp. n.

Male. Length to apex of fore wings, 11:2 mm. General colour whitish, pattern
elements clear to dark brown. Body surface with rather short and not very dense
pubescence ; long hairs present in small number only.

Head as in Text-figs. 44 and 45, short. Anteocular region strongly elevated ;
postocular region behind constriction dorsally with 1 +1 pointed cone-shaped
projections. Eyes very large; their distance dorsally equal to their width; their
outline almost circular in lateral view, slightly surpassing level of inferior border of
head. Rostrum as in Text-fig. 44; second segment as long as first, very strongly
swollen ; third very slender. Antennae slender; first and basal third of second
segment with a moderate number of long erect hairs; rest with short pubescence
only. Length of first segment 3-2 mm.; relative length of segments = 1:0-9:
o-15:? Colour of head piceous, with most of anteocular region dorsally, apex of
postocular projections and a median longitudinal line dorsally on postocular portion,
yellowish. Rostrum brown, base and apex of first and apex of second segment,
yellow. First segment of antennae yellowish, with three narrow brown annuli,
one sub-basal, one submedian and one subapical; second segment whitish, with
three black annuli: one very narrow sub-basal, one wider submedian and one very
wide subapical, the latter separated from apex of segment by a narrow white annulus
as wide as the sub-basal brown one ; third segment brown, with extreme apex whitish.

Shape of prothorax as in Text-figs. 44 and 45. Fore lobe of pronotum very small,
globular, distinctly detached from petiole; the latter more than twice as long as
fore, and as long as hind lobe, very slender, cylindrical. Hind lobe bell-shaped,
its sides distinctly divergent towards rear, with 2 + 2 stout projections, those of
disk divergent, somewhat larger than the lateral ones (Text-fig. 46). Disk with a
distinct median longitudinal depression limited by 1 + 1 wide rounded carinae which
lead to the submedian projections. Spines of scutellum and metanotum of medium
size, subcylindrical, with inconspicuous pubescence only. Thorax without long
hairs, its general colour yellowish-white ; petiole and fore lobe of pronotum with
faint clear brown pattern elements dorsally ; lateral and ventral surface of meso-

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA) 341

and metathorax piceous, scutellum and metanotum dark brown, posterior border of
scutellum and extreme apices of spines, yellowish. Surface of pronotum polished.
Fore legs as in Text-figs. 44 and 47; coxa slightly shorter than hind lobe of pro-
notum. Large spiniferous processes of femur as in Text-fig. 57, the first inclined
towards base, larger than any of the others, followed by another projection almost
as large, and 2-3 smaller ones, in addition to the usual short spiniferous projections ;
total number of spines of postero-ventral series 17. Colour of fore legs yellowish,
with brown annuli as in Text-fig. 44, preapical annulus the darkest. Dark annuli
of femur and base of tibia accompanied dorsally by tufts of dark hairs; rest of
fore legs with short pile and isolated long hairs. Femur of second pair with 3

Fics. 44-51. Stenolemus eucnemus sp.n. 44, Head and thorax, lateral view, only fore leg
with colour pattern shown ; 45, head and pronotum, dorsal view ; 46, processes of hind
lobe of pronotum, seen from behind ; 47, base of fore femur ; 48, femur and part of tibia
of second pair of legs; 49, fore wing ; 50, abdomen of male, lateral view ; 51, apex of
process of hypopygium. Wygodzinsky del.

brush-like tufts of medium-sized hairs (Text-fig. 48), the sub-basal and subapical
one piceous, the submedian one clear brown ; mid tibia with one piceous sub-basal
tuft. Hind femora with 4 tufts, the two basal and the subapical one piceous, the
third tuft clear brown.

Fore wings rather wide, surpassing apex of abdomen by 2 mm., their shape and
venation as in Text-fig. 49, their colour white, pattern elements from clear brown to
piceous, their distribution as in Text-fig. 49. Hind wings brownish-white, somewhat
darker at apex, their veins dark brown.

Abdomen, as in Text-fig. 50, without dorsal or ventral projections ; connexival

342 NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA)

angles somewhat salient, the two last lobate. Posterior projection of hypopygium
broad, with a short median emargination apically (Text-fig. 51). Colour of abdomen
yellowish-white, with extensive piceous pattern as in Text-fig. 50. Surface smooth,
almost shining, with sparse short pile and isolated long hairs.

Material examined. New Guinea, ter Porten Coll. («1 male, holotype).

Stenolemus eucnemus is apparently related to S. muiri (Kirkaldy, 1908) from
Fiji, but differs from that species by the smaller number and different colouring of
the tufts on mid and hind legs, the absence of wool-like pile on the body, the differ-
ent colouring of fore wings and abdomen, and the differently shaped process of the

hypopygium.
Stenolemus facetus sp. n.

Male. Length 11-5 mm. General colour dark brown, pattern elements yellowish
white and silvery. Various body regions with short woolly pile ; long hairs sparse.

Shape of head as in Text-figs. 52 and 53, subfusiform in lateral view. Postocular
region short, with 1 +1 small but distinct tubercles, strongly declivous behind
tubercles, in lateral aspect. Eyes very small, subcircular in outline, far remote
from level of dorsal and ventral surface of head, in lateral view ; distance between
eyes dorsally equal to twice their width. Shape of rostrum as in Text-fig. 53,
second segment very slightly swollen only. Head covered with short woolly pile ;
only a few moderately long hairs present. Colour of head dark brown, with a faint
median longitudinal stripe on postocular region dorsally, yellowish. Rostrum
clear brown, apex of segments yellowish. Length of first segment of antennae 3°8
mm.; relative length of segments = I:1:0:21: 0:32. Segments I and II with
numerous erect isolated very long hairs; III and IV with hairs not longer than
diameter of segment. Colour of antennae dark brown, first segment with 2 or 3
rather wide faint yellowish annuli, second segment with 3 or 4 more distinct whitish
annuli which are slightly shorter than the dark spaces between them; third
uniformly dark, fourth uniformly clear coloured.

Pronotum as in Text-figs. 52 and 53. Fore lobe small, sides regularly convergent
towards rear; petiole elongate, twice as long as fore and about as long as hind
lobe, slender, distinctly widened posteriorly ; hind lobe bell-shaped, its posterior
border distinctly emarginate, disk with 2 + 2 rather large projections, wide at base.
slender and pointed apically (Text-fig. 54) ; disk slightly flattened before submedian
projections. Spine of scutellum inclined, of metanotum erect, bothslender. Anterior
and especially posterior lobe of pronotum covered with short wool-like pile, petiole
almost bare, shining. Long hairs in moderate number on petiole and hind lobe.
Meso- and metathorax with woolly pile. Colour of thorax dark brown, pile yellowish-
brown ; tubercles of collar clear brown ; hind lobe at posterior margin centrally with
a small yellowish spot. Meso- and metanotal spine dark brown.

Fore legs relatively large and slender. Coxa about as long as hind lobe of pro-
notum. Postero-ventral series of femur composed of 5-6 large and about 30 smaller
spiniferous processes ; basal process inserted at base of article, somewhat inclined
towards base, about as long as diameter of segment and slightly longer and stronger
than any of the remaining processes. Antero-ventral series not interrupted at base,

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA) 343

composed of about 5 small and 35 very small spinulets inserted upon short bases.
Tibia with about 40 rather long spines arranged in two irregular series. Colour of
fore legs clear brown inclusive spiniferous processes of femora ; coxa with one large
median and one short apical annulus, yellowish ; trochanter yellow; femur with
four wide yellowish annuli, one sub-basal, two submedian and one apical; tibia
with 4 or 5 faint yellowish annuli; tarsi yellowish. Moderately long hairs present
on all segments, not forming tufts. Mid and hind legs slender ; hind femora surpas-
sing apex of fore wings by about 4 mm. Long hairs isolated. Femora II with a
dorsal tuft somewhat basad of middle (Text-fig. 56); femora III with a similar
though smaller dorsal tuft sub-basally and a large tuft occupying both surfaces at

Fics. 52-58. Stenolemus facetus sp.n. 52, Head and pronotum, seen from above; 53,
idem, lateral view ; 54, processes of posterior lobe of pronotum, seen from behind ; 55,
base of fore femur; 56, portion of femur of second pair of legs; 57, fore wing; 58,
abdomen of male, dorsal view. Wygodzinsky del.

centre. Tibiae II and III at some distance from base with a tuft occupying both
surfaces. Colour of femora and tibiae dark brown, somewhat clearer towards base
of femora and on apical half of tibiae ; annuli very faint ; tufts dark brown.

Shape and venation of fore wings as in Text-fig. 57; posterior discal cell not
subdivided. Pattern of fore wing as in Text-fig. 57; general colour dark brown ;
reticulation of cells yellowish; large clear spots silvery white, nacreous. Hind
wings entirely dark brown, veins and faint reticulation slightly clearer. Fore
wings surpassing apex of abdomen by about I mm.

Abdomen widely oval, shortly pedunculate at base (Text-fig. 58); angles of
connexival segments salient ; spiracles inserted on ventrally situated conical pro-
jections ; other dorsal or ventral projections lacking. Ventral surface with short
woolly pile and not very numerous long hairs. Colour dark brown, connexivum
partly yellowish. Posterior projection of hypopygium short, truncate apically.

344 NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA)

Material examined, Philippinen, Boettcher (1 male, holotype, ex Taeuber coll.)
Brit. Mus. 1949—474.

Stenolemus facetus sp. n. seems to be most nearly related to S. diseitss Stal,
1870, equally from the Philippine Islands. The two species may be distinguished
by the following set of characters :

1. Petiole of pronotum longer than hind lobe. Petiole dorsally, processes of hind lobe,
and spine of scutellum, mainly whitish. Spiniferous processes of fore femora, whitish.
Femur II without, femur III with two complete tufts of dark hairs. Articulation
of hind femora and tibiae broadly white . ; : i plumosus Stal
- Petiole of pronotum not longer than hind lobe. Petiole dorsally, processes of hind
lobe and spine of scutellum, dark brown. Spiniferous processes of fore femora, dark
brown. Femur II with one dorsal, femur III with one dorsal and one complete tuft of
dark hairs. Articulation of hind femora and tibiae brown . . : .facetus sp. n.

Stenolemus ornatus shinyanga subsp. n.

Female. Length to apex of fore wings 15 mm. General colour yellowish white,
pattern elements brown. Hairs long, not very numerous.

Head as in Text-figs. 59 and 60. Distance between eyes dorsally one and a half
times their width; in lateral aspect, eyes not attaining level of dorsal or ventral
surface of head, their shape subsemicircular. Postocular portion of head rather
high, with a faint median longitudinal sulcus dorsally, without distinct projections.
Rostrum as in Text-fig. 60; first segment stout, second moderately swollen, third
slender. First segment of antennae with numerous very long hairs, the remaining
with short pile only. Length of first segment 4 mm.; relative length of segments =
1:0:8:0-:17:? Under surface of head dark; dorsal surface whitish before eyes,
dark behind, with a median longitudinal stripe dorsally and a spot behind each
eye laterally, whitish. Rostrum dark; first segment apically, second apically and
ventrally, third entirely, whitish. Antennae of the general colour; first segment
with four dark brown annuli, one very narrow apical, one very wide subapical,
another one submedian, and one medium-sized sub-basal, the latter somewhat
clearer than the remaining ; second segment with one very narrow basal, one wide
apical and two wide submedian annuli, the white spaces between them shorter
than the dark ones ; third segment entirely brown.

Pronotum as in Text-figs. 59 and 60. Fore lobe approximately bell-shaped,
narrower towards rear; pedunculate portion slightly longer than fore lobe;
hind lobe subtriangular, near posterior border with 1 + 1 rather short cone-shaped
projections (Text-fig. 62) ; disk flattened above at centre, depressed portion limited —
by 1+ 1 rather wide low carinae which terminate posteriorly at projections ;
hind margin of pronotum almost straight across. Spine of scutellum slender,
pointed apically, almost horizontal; metanotal spine erect, slightly thickened
at apex. Pronotum of the general body colour, petiole darkened above, fore lobe —
dorsally with 1 -+1 submedian dark irregularly shaped stripes, also somewhat
darkened below. Spines of scutellum and metanotum white.

Fore legs as in Text-figs. 60 and 63. Coxa somewhat shorter than fore lobe and
petiole of pronotum together. Femur slender. Postero-ventral series composed of

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA) 345

5 large and 25 smaller spiniferous projections ; basal process inserted at a slight
distance from base of article, inclined towards the latter, slightly larger than any
of the others. Antero-ventral series not interrupted at base, composed of about
40 subequal spinulets inserted upon short bases. Tibiae with about 30 short spines
arranged in two irregular series. Dark annuli of fore legs as in Text-fig. 60. Mid
and hind legs slender ; hind femora surpassing apex of fore wings by about 3 mm.
Colouring of coxae as in Text-fig. 66. Trochantera whitish. Femora with five
dark annuli (apices and bases white), the two sub-basal annuli on femur II rather
short, clear brown, the three remaining ones and all annuli of hind femora, wide,
dark brown. Tibiae with an indistinct brown spot at base, followed by a wide
white and a wide brown annulus, rest of tibiae yellowish-white. Hairs of mid and

Figs. 59-68. Stenolemus ornatus shinyanga subsp. n. 59, Head and pronotum, seen from
above; 60, head and prothorax, lateral view; 61, colour pattern of first antennal
segment ; 62, processes of posterior lobe of pronotum, seen from behind ; 63, base of
fore femur ; 64, portion of hind femur ; 65, fore wing ; 66, meso- and metathorax and
base of abdomen, ventral aspect. 67, Stenolemus edwardsii, base of fore femur. 68,
Stenolemus papuensis, base of fore femur. Wygodzinsky del.

hind legs very long, moderately numerous, their arrangement identical on clear and
dark portions (Text-fig. 64).

Shape and venation of fore wings as in Text-fig. 65 ; posterior cell not subdivided.
Pattern of fore wing as in Text-fig. 65; hind wings whitish, slightly darkened at
apex. Fore wings surpassing apex of abdomen by about 3 mm.

Abdomen slender, fusiform, widest on posterior third; angles of connexival
segments not salient. Spiracles inserted on small cone-shaped projections. Dorsal
or ventral processes lacking. Colour of anterior portion of abdomen ventrally mainly
clear, on posterior half mainly dark.

346 NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN EMESINAE (REDUVIIDAE, HEMIPTERA)

Material examined. Tanganyika, Old Shinyanga, at light, 5.vi.1953, E. Burtt
Coll. (1 female, holotype).

The present specimen is very similar to Stenolemus ornatus Villiers, 1949 (Belgian
Congo). However, it is very considerably larger than the type of ornatus (15 versus
g mm.) which is much more than the normal range of variability in species of the
present genus. The remaining characters given in the rather short description of
Villiers’ species agree with those found in the specimen from Tanganyika, though
a detailed comparison might show additional differences. Under these circumstances,
a subspecific status for the insect examined now seems justified.

Stenolemus papuensis Horvath

Material examined. Kokoda, Papua, 1,200 ft., v, vi, viii and ix.1933, L. E.
Cheesman Coll. (3 males, 1 female) Brit. Mus. 1933—427.

The specimens agree quite well with Horvath’s 1914 original description. S.
papuensis is very much like edwardsii Bergroth, 1916, now known to be widely
distributed over Australia. The main difference is found in the size and distribution
of the spiniferous processes of the fore femora: in edwardsii, the basal process of
the postero-ventral series is slightly but distinctly longer than any of the others
(Text-fig. 67), whilst in papuensis the third process is decidedly the largest (Text-fig.
68) ; in edwardsii the large spiniferous processes also seem to be somewhat more
numerous.

Ci
7 NOV 1958

{>
G

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF

ODONATA
AND

ON SOME TRICHOPTERA FROM
§. RHODESIA AND PORTUGUESE
EAST AFRICA

D. E. KIMMINS

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 7
LONDON : 1958

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ODONATA
AND
ON SOME TRICHOPTERA FROM S. RHODESIA
AND PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA

D. E. KIMMINS . ,;

Department of Entomology, British Museum (N atural History)

Pp. 347-368 ; 14 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 7
LONDON: 1958

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), «tstituted in 1949, 1s
issued in five series, corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical series.

Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become
veady. Volumes will contain about three or four

hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed
within one calendar year.

This paper is Vol. 7, No. 7 of the Entomological
serves. .

7 NOV 1958

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued October, 1958 Price Seven Shillings

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ODONATA
By D. E. KIMMINS

From time to time, when dealing with small collections of Odonata accessions in
the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), isolated new species have been noticed and described.
As the collections themselves were not of sufficient interest to warrant separate
publication, the descriptions have accumulated and it is now considered desirable
to publish them in a short paper, since the specimens are in the Museum collections
under manuscript names. Five species and one subspecies are described and notes
are given on a previously described species.

Protosticta rufostigma sp. n. (Fam. Platystictidae)
(Text-fig. 1)

S. Inp1A: Tinnevelly District, Naraikadu, 2,500-3,000 ft., 3-8.ix.1938, G. M.
Henry, I 4, 2 9.

6. Head with labium brownish black, labrum light blue, rather broadly bordered
with brownish black on anterior margin. Clypeus pale blue, frons glossy blue-black,
vertex and occiput rather dull blue-black.

Prothorax greenish white, posterior lobe blackish, this colour extending slightly
on to the middle of the mid-lobe. Synthorax greenish black, with a bluish white,
oblique stripe on each side to the mid legs and a similar stripe on the posterior
part of the metepimeron, extending on to the hind legs. Legs brownish white.

Abdomen blackish brown, marked with yellowish white and with blue as follows :
Segment 1, and possibly 2, yellowish white laterally ; segment 3 with a narrow,
basal annule of yellowish white, divided dorsally with blackish, segments 4-7 with
broader, yellowish white annules, only slightly widened laterally, segment 8 with its
basal half blue, not extended apically at sides, 9 and 10 black. Anal appendages
black (Text-fig. IB—D) ; similar in general pattern to P. davenporti Fraser, but the
superiors with the basal tooth less acute and the thumb-like lobe more slender.
Inferiors in dorsal aspect a little stouter.

Wings hyaline, very faintly smoky; pterostigma (Text-fig. 1a) rather large,
reddish brown (when viewed against a dark ground there is a narrow surround
of whitish pruinescence) ; 14 postnodals in fore wing, 13 in hind wing; Riv +v
arising well distal to subnode.

Q. Head and thorax similar to male. Legs paler, knees and dorsal carinae of
femora brown. Wings as in male. Abdomen marked as in male, but with bluish
white instead of yellowish white. Segment 7 with basal annule occupying about the
basal fourth. Vulvar scale blackish, robust.

Length of abdomen, J, 46 mm., 2, 36 mm.; hind wing, 3, 23 mm., 9, 22 mm.

Holotype male, allotype and paratype females in British Museum (Nat. Hist.).
This species is closely related to P, davenporti Fraser, but may be distinguished by

ENTOM. 7. 7. 20

350 NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ODONATA

the larger pterostigma, differences in the pattern of the prothorax and the eighth
abdominal segment, and differences in the anal appendages of the male. The ptero-
stigma recalls that of P. sanguinostigma Fraser, but the anal appendages of that
species are quite distinct.

Fic. 1. Protosticta rufostigma sp. n. g(A-D) and P. davenporti Fraser, § (E-F). (A),
pterostigma of fore wing; (B), anal appendages, lateral; (c), the same, dorsal; (D),
superior appendage from above and within; (£), pterostigma of fore wing; (F),
superior appendage from above and within.

Calicnemia nipalica sp. n. (Fam. Platycnemididae)

NEPAL: Phewa Tal, nr. Pokhara, 2,500 ft., 8.v.1954, J. Quinlan (B.M. Nepal
Exped.), Io 3.

Head with labium dull yellowish ; genae olive-green (yellowish when immature),
labrum and clypeus shining dark brown; frons and vertex dull black, slightly
pruinosed (immature with a dull yellowish, transverse band linking the genae just

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ODONATA 351

above the clypeus and another narrow transverse band at the level of the ocelli).
With age the outer parts of this band become pruinosed. Postocular spots narrow,
yellowish. Antennae black, apices of basal and second segments yellowish.

Prothorax black, slightly pruinosed, a small yellowish spot on each side near
base. Mesepisternum black, antehumeral stripes narrow, yellowish when young,
becoming pruinosed lilac or blue. Mesepimerum black, pruinosed, with exception of
lower angle, which is yellowish. Mesinfraepisternum largely black. Episternum,
epimerum and infraepisternum of metathorax largely black when mature, largely
yellowish when young, with a black stripe along the posterior margin of episternum
and a fuscous cloud over infraepisternum. Venter yellowish, becoming fuscous.
Legs black, femora yellowish at extreme bases.

Abdomen with segment 1 yellowish, becoming fuscous ; segments 2-6 deep red,
faintly pruinosed, 2-5 with a narrow, fuscous, apical ring, 6 with a broader ring,
7-10 black. Anal appendages yellowish, similar in form to mortont, minzata, etc.

Wings with black venation and fuscous stigma. Postnodals 18, 1g in fore wing,
17, 16 in hind wing.

Length of abdomen, 23 mm., of hind wing, 24 mm.

Holotype ¢ and paratypes in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). In markings of the
body, this species resembles C. erythromelas Sélys, but that species has distinctive
anal appendages. It differs from miniata in the greater degree of black on the head,
narrower yellow antehumeral stripes, soon becoming pruinosed and the yellow anal
appendages. The similarity in anal appendages of a number of species in this genus
makes one wonder whether we are perhaps dealing with subspecies of a widely
distributed species, differing chiefly in colour and pattern.

Pseudagrion guichardi sp. n. (Fam. Coenagriidae)
(Text-fig. 2)

Eruiopia: Nr. Cencia, 29.iii.1948, K. M. Guichard, 18 3; R. Hawash, nr. Moggio,
iv.1948, K. M. Guichard, 1 3.

Head with labium, labrum and anteclypeus yellowish, postclypeus shining black.
Frons dull black, with a narrowly interrupted, transverse, yellow band below the
antennae, linking up with the yellowish genae. Postocular spots small, yellowish.
Occiput yellowish.

Prothorax black, with a greenish sheen, lateral margins and a small lateral spot
yellowish. Synthorax black above, with a greenish sheen, mid-dorsal carina finely
yellowish. Antehumeral stripe narrow, yellowish. The black extends laterally
beyond the humeral suture. Sides pale yellowish, marked with black as in Text-fig.
2A. Legs blackish, femora narrowly marked with yellowish on anterior surfaces at
base, posterior and ventral surfaces yellowish.

Abdomen black above, heavily pruinosed as far as sixth segment, eighth to tenth
segments marked with blue dorsally as in Text-fig. 28. Lower lateral margins of
segments bluish or yellowish. Superior anal appendages (Text-figs. 2c, D) blackish
brown, inferiors yellowish. Upper branch of superiors with a small basal as well as
an apical tooth.

ENTOM. 7. 7. 20§

352 NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ODONATA

Length of abdomen, 29-33 mm., of hind wing, 23-26 mm.

Holotype g and paratypes in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). This species differs
from Ps. kerstent (Gerstaecker) in the more robust lower branch of the superior
appendages, the presence of a small basal tooth on the inner margin, the pale labrum

Fic. 2. Pseudagrion guichardi sp.n. g. (A), diagram of thoracic pattern ; (B), pattern
of abdominal segments 8-10, dorsal; (c), anal appendages, lateral; (p), the same,
dorsal; (E), penis, lateral; (F), the same, ventral.

and in the form of the penis, which resembles that of epiphonematicum. In the pre-
sence of a basal tooth on the inner margin of the superior appendages it resembles
furcigerum (Rambur) but it differs in the longer lower branch. From epiphonematicum
it differs in colouring and in the form of the anal appendages.

Enallagma somalicum Longfield (Fam. Coenagriidae)

EtTuiopiA: Errer, nr. Gota, 23.v.1948, K. M. Guichard, 4 3, 1 9.
The type specimens of this species are not in very good condition and I am there-
fore supplementing the original description as regards colour.

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ODONATA 353

Labrum, anteclypeus and frons bluish. Ground colour of prothorax bluish. Dor-
sum of synthorax black, with blue antehumeral stripes, the latter extending sideways
to the humeral suture, bordered externally with a narrow, blackish stripe. First
abdominal segment black above, with a tiny blue spot. The median black stripe on
the dorsum of the second segment sometimes broken. The number of postnodal
cross-veins is variable, the type series showing 7-8 in the fore wing and 6~7 in the
hind wing.

Perilestes bispinus sp. n. (Fam. Perilestidae)
(Text-fig. 3)
BraziIL: Rio Negro, Thomar, ex McLachlan collection, 2 ¢.
Head with labium pale, labrum shining black, anteclypeus pale blue, postclypeus,

frons and vertex shining blue-black. Antennal segments fuscous. Back of head
metallic greenish black.

Fic. 3. Pertlestes bisbinus sp. n. ¢g. (A), superior anal appendages, dorsal; (B), the
same, lateral; (c), accessory genitalia, lateral.

Prothorax pale creamy yellow, anterior margin narrowly fuscous, a fuscous,
median, longitudinal band on the median and posterior lobes, broadening posteriorly.
Mid-dorsal triangle of mesostigmal lamina fuscous. Mesepisternum chestnut, with
a narrow paler line on each side of the dorsal carina. There is a narrow, bluish
antehumeral stripe extending along the anterior four-fifths of the humeral suture.
Mesepimerum largely chestnut, lower angle pale bluish white. The chestnut stripe
of the mesepimerum extends across the upper part of the infraepisternum and
continues across the sternum before the second coxae. Metepisternum pale, bluish
white, with a narrow brownish stripe along the second lateral suture, across the
metinfraepisternum and sternum. Metepimerum pale yellowish. Wings with
fuscous veins and dark brown stigma. Legs with coxae yellowish, trochanters and
femora pale fuscous, tibiae and tarsi very pale fuscous.

Abdomen with segment I pale, apical ring pale fuscous. Segment 2 pale fuscous,
darker apically and sides pale yellowish. Segments 3-6 largely pale fuscous, with

354 NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ODONATA

a narrow whitish basal ring, a darker fuscous apical ring and a paler subapical
ring. Segment 7 medium fuscous, with a pale basal ring. Segments 8-10 fuscous,
9 with a bluish, mid-dorsal, basal triangle. Appendages fuscous.

Wings with 13-14 postnodals in fore wing, 11-12 in hind; Riv + v arising at
level of first postnodal ; IRiii arising, fore wing at level of eighth postnodal, hind
wing at seventh; Riii, fore wing at ninth, hind wing at eighth postnodal; IRii
in all wings under outer end of stigma. Apex of 1A about level of origin of Riv + v
in fore wing, about half a cell basad in hind wing. Three cells between 1A and margin
in fore wing, two in hind wing.

Abdominal segment 2 with anterior lamina divided to its base to make two slender,
finger-like processes, curving outward and ventrally, somewhat hairy. Posterior
hamules broad, plate-like, in type series bent inwards and overlapping.

Superior anal appendages each with two acute spines arising from the upper
margin towards the base, the basal and shorter directed obliquely inwards, the
distal longer and directed obliquely outwards. The distal half of the appendage
has its inner margin produced inwards and downwards in a large, rounded, sub-
triangular lobe, its apex separated from the apex of the appendage by a deep groove.
The upper side of the lobe bears some rounded humps. In side view the appendage
is slender, its apex sinuously upcurved.

Abdomen, including appendages, 56 mm., hind wing, 21 mm.

Holotype ¢ and paratype ¢ in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). This very slender
species runs out in Kennedy’s key to the genus Perilestes to gracillimus and attenuatus.
From both it differs in the very short 1A in the hind wing (2 cells long), the form
of the anal appendages, with the two basal spines and the large inner lobe, and in
the ventrally and outwardly curved branches of the anterior lamina.

Ictinogomphus fraseri sp. n. (Fam. Gomphidae)
(Text-figs. 4-6)

SIERRA LEONE: Firiwa, 9.vi.1912, Port Lokko, 3.v.1912, J. J. Simpson, 2 ¢.

Labium bright yellow. Labrum yellowish green, bordered with black and with a
median black spot. Clypeus yellowish green with an interrupted, brownish, trans-
verse band. Frons yellowish green, blackish at base, which colour extends forward
at the centre to the crest and overlaps on to the vertical face. Vertex blackish, with
the elevated points yellowish. Occiput greenish, the posterior margin elevated at
its centre in a rounded lobe and margined with blackish.

Thorax brownish with greenish markings as follows: Mesothoracic collar and the
antehumeral stripes, which may be confluent with the collar anteriorly and are
dilated dorsally ; some small spots on the antealar sinus; juxta-humeral stripe
clubbed above ; three lateral stripes and a small spot at the summit of the metepi-
merum. Legs blackish, anterior femora yellowish beneath.

Abdomen black, pattern discoloured, probably yellowish or greenish as follows :
Segment I, an apical transverse band; 2 with a narrow pre-apical band linked to
a narrow dorsal stripe; laterally the pre-apical band passes obliquely forward
over the oreillets. Segments 3-6 each with a triangular mid-dorsal basal spot,

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ODONATA 355

segment 3 also with lateral basal spots and a mid-dorsal pre-apical spot. Segment
7 yellowish, with an apical blackish ring. Segment 8 with a narrow basal ring, 9
with small basal and apical lateral spots, 10 with a lateral spot. Segment 8 with the
usual foliation.

Anal appendages mainly blackish but superiors paler in apical two-thirds. Superior
appendages more upcurved and relatively shorter than in regis-albertt. Inferior
upcurved at apex in side view, in ventral view with a U-shaped excision, the arms
of the U less tapering than in regis-alberti. Accessory genitalia with anterior lamina
not strongly projecting in side view. Inner branch of hamule forming a blunt,

~ate

acute

Fic. 4. Ictinogomphus spp. g. (A-C), fraseri sp. n. re anal appendages, lateral ;
(B), the same, dorsal ; (c), inferior appendage, ventral ; (D—F), feyox (Rambur), (D), anal
appendages, lateral; (E), right superior appendage, dorsal; (F), inferior appendage,
ventral ; (G), vegis-alberti Schouteden, inferior appendage, ventral.

curved finger in ventral view, not blade-like. Outer branch ovate in side view, its
inner margin in ventral view not excavated or hooked nor armed with a dense tuft
of hairs.

Length of abdomen + appendages, 56 mm., of hind wing, 41 mm.

Holotype $ (Port Lokko) and paratype ¢ in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). This
species, which I have much pleasure in dedicating to Lt.-Col. F. C. Fraser, M.D.,
I.M.S., resembles J. vegis-alberti Schouteden in general appearance and anal append-
ages. It differs in the large basal marking of the abdominal segments, the more

356 NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ODONATA

Fic. 5. Ictinogomphus spp. 3. (A-B), fraseri sp. n. (A), posterior lobe of occiput, dorsal ;
(B), accessory genitalia, lateral; (c), the same, regis-alberti ; (D), the same, ferox.

—— ee em ew ew ew ew eee ee ee

Fic. 6. Ictinogomphus spp. @ accessory genitalia, ventral. (A), fraseri sp. n.; (B),
vegis-albertt ; (c), ferox,

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ODONATA 357

produced lobe of the occiput, the more upturned superior appendages and especially
in the very different accessory genitalia. In regis-alberti the inner branch of the
hamule is broad and blade-like and the outer branch has a wide shallow excision
of its inner surface, and bears a dense tuft of hairs in the excision. J. ferox (Rambur)
has even more yellow on the abdominal segments and on the femora, straighter
superior appendages, which do not project laterally at the level of the ventral
tooth and has the outer branch of the hamule even more excised, its apex forming
a blackened tooth, and carrying a tuft of hairs.

Atoconeura biordinata aethiopica ssp. n. (Fam. Libellulidae)
(Text-fig. 7)

ETHIOPIA: Segheria, 25.iii.1948, 2 J, 2 2; Wondo, iv.1948, 1 g; Dilla, iv. 1948,
1 g, K. M. Guichard.

Fic. 7. Atoconeura biordinata aethiopica ssp. n. g. (A), anal appendages, lateral ;
(B), inferior appendage, ventral; (c), pattern of labium, ventral.

g. Labium yellow, with a somewhat pentagonal pattern in black on the lateral
lobes, the black pigment not usually reaching the inner margin, median lobe with
a blackish basal triangle. Labrum yellow, sometimes with a small blackish spot at
centre of the apical margin. Postclypeus and vertical surface of frons whitish, dorsal
surface and vertex shining metallic blue, the anterior margin of the metallic colouring
almost straight. Sides of frons brownish with a metallic spot.

Dorsum of thorax metallic greenish, slightly obscured by pruinescence, mid-dorsal
carina yellowish and there is a yellowish spot on each side before the antealar sinus.
Sides of thorax rather discoloured but apparently with the usual yellow and blackish
markings. Legs black, posterior surface of anterior femur whitish.

Abdomen almost completely pruinosed, pattern obscured, the apical segments
less dilated than in other subspecies. Anal appendages much as in kenya Longfield,
superior appendages perhaps a little stouter.

Wings with 8-10 antenodals in fore wing, 7-8 in hind wing. Triangle of fore wing

358 NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ODONATA

divided, a single row of three cells at base of discoidal field, followed by several rows
of two cells. Membranule pale grey, with basal third whitish. Pt dark brown.

9. Labium with the black on the lateral lobes less extensive than in the male.
Metallic blue-green on dorsum of frons less extensive. Vertex brownish.

Thorax rather discoloured, dorsum with a slight coppery sheen. Legs blackish,
femora marked with whitish on posterior surface of fore legs and on both surfaces
of other legs.

Abdomen discoloured, pattern of segments I-2 obscure. Segments 3-7 yellow
from base to transverse carina and with a yellowish band along sides. There are
traces of a mid-dorsal, longitudinal, yellowish spot on segment 3 and definite elongate
spots on 4~7. Segments 8-9 blackish brown above, with a narrow yellowish lateral
stripe. Segment 10 blackish above, with a fine yellowish mid-dorsal line. Ventral
segments obscurely yellowish. Cerci black, blunt as in kenya, paraprocts shining
brownish, sparsely hairy.

Wings slightly smoky, with 9-10 antenodals in fore wing, 7-8 in hind wing.
Triangle of fore wing divided, discoidal field beginning with two rows of three cells
followed by a number of rows of two cells. Pt dark brown.

Length of abdomen, 3, 28-30 mm., 9, 32-33 mm.: hind wing, g, 32-34 mm.,
=F 35-36 mun.

Holotype 3, allotype 2 (Segheria) and paratypes in British Museum (Nat. Hist.).
This subspecies is closely allied to A. biordinata kenya Longfield but it differs from
it in the scarcely dilated apical segments of the abdomen of the male and the different
pattern of the labium.

One might question the wisdom of adding yet another subspecies to Atoconeura
biordinata, but the fact that there were four males from three localities suggested
that the differences mentioned above were not merely individual. The males are
very distinctive in their general appearance, with the terminal segments of the
abdomen only very slightly dilated. Whilst making comparisons with the other
subspecies, a discrepancy was noticed in connection with A. b. kenya. In her key,
Miss Longfield states that the labrum of kenya is all yellow, whereas the holotype
¢ has a broad band of black on the labrum and one of the paratypes has the labrum
finely margined with black,

ON SOME TRICHOPTERA FROM 5S. RHODESIA
AND PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA

By D. E. KIMMINS

Mr. Etiot PINHEY, of the National Museum of S. Rhodesia, has sent me for identi-
fication collections of Trichoptera taken at Victoria Falls in February, July and
September 1957 and also a few from Mount Gorongosa, Portuguese East Africa,
September 1957. Over twenty species are represented and the collections include
examples of seven new species. Five of these are described and figured in this paper
and the remaining two I propose to hold back until more material is available.

The Hydroptilidae include a second species of Catoxyethira, a genus hitherto only
recorded from the Congo. The Hydroptilid fauna of the African mainland is virtually
unknown, a mere seventeen species now being known south of the Mediterranean
region. To assist in preliminary identification of these tiny Trichoptera, I am giving
a key to the genera already recorded, but I have no doubt that further collecting
will soon render it out-of-date.

This paper also provides an opportunity to give revised figures of Chimarra intexta
Mosely, a species which was described from an imperfect specimen.

Mr. Pinhey has generously allowed me to retain the types of the new species, and
also such other material as was needed, for the British Museum (Nat. Hist.).

Chimarra fuscipes sp. n. (Philopotamidae)
(Text-fig. 1)

Port. E. AFricA: Mt. Gorongosa, ix.1957, E. Pinhey,.1 3.
S. AFrica: Natal, National Park, iii. 1932, J. Ogilvie, 1 g, Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent.,
B.M. 1941-88.

Head and thorax bright reddish yellow, with golden hairs. Antenna fuscous,
the basal segment reddish yellow. Palpi fuscous. Legs yellowish, the tarsi and also
the anterior tibiae fuscous, spurs fuscous. Abdomen yellowish fuscous, genital
segment darker. Wings pale fuscous, with fuscous pubescence. In fore wing, Rs
arises only slightly distad to base of thyridial cell. Median cell a little shorter than
discoidal. Fork R, sessile, fork M, shorter than its footstalk. In hind wing fork
M, also with a long footstalk, fork Cu,, only slightly longer than its footstalk.

6 GENITALIA. Eighth segment with its tergite forming a hood overhanging the
ninth, its sternite somewhat produced at its centre. Ninth segment narrowed to a
transverse rib dorsally, its ventral surface with a long, slender, slightly clavate ventral
process. Median lobe of tenth segment bifid, each branch rounded apically and with
a rounded swelling on the outer margin beyond midway. Four or five sensillae on
upper surface, Lateral lobes about as long as median, situated below it and separated

360 TRICHOPTERA FROM S. RHODESIA AND PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA

by an ovate excision. The outer apical angle is produced in a triangular tooth.
Superior appendage small, ear-like. Aedeagus containing two blackish spines.
Clasper subtriangular in side view, upper margin concave, lower convex, apex slightly
concave and incurved, bearing four inwardly directed teeth.

Length of fore wing, 8 mm.

Fic. 1. Chimarva fuscipes sp. n. g genitalia. (a), lateral; (B), dorsal; (c), ventral,
aedeagus and median lobe of tenth segment omitted ; (p), right clasper, from behind.

3d holotype (Mt. Gorongosa) mounted as microscope preparation, ¢ paratype
pinned. This species appears to be related to C. ruficeps Ulmer in the general pattern
of the 3 genitalia and in the reddish yellow head and thorax. It differs in the thorax
entirely reddish yellow, the bifid median lobe of the tenth segment and the more
triangular clasper, whose upper margin is concave and apical margin armed with
four inturned teeth.

TRICHOPTERA FROM S. RHODESIA AND PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA 361

Chimarra intexta Mosely
(Text-fig. 2)

Amongst some accessions presented by the Commonwealth Institute of Entomo-
logy were two males of this species from the type locality (Njala, Sierra Leone).
Mosely had only an incomplete specimen of the male, and the additional material
confirms the supposition in my recent paper that the type was considerably more
damaged than Mosely believed. Not only was one of the lateral lobes of the tenth
segment destroyed, but the entire apical portion of the aedeagus was missing.
The new material shows that the apex of the aedeagus terminates in two strong
spines and within are two smaller spines. The “ semi-transparent penis-sheaths ”’
mentioned by Mosely were probably part of the damaged aedeagus. The lower
angles of the lateral lobes of the tenth segment turn out more than is shown in the

San

zg
4]
24
Z4
ZZ

Fic. 2. Chimarra intexta Mosely, 3 genitalia. (a), lateral; (B), apex of aedeagus, dorsal.

original illustration. I am giving new figures of the ¢ genitalia in side view and of the
apex of the aedeagus in dorsal view. Chimarra cognata Kimmins resembles C. intexta
not only in the form of the clasper but in the structure of the aedeagus also. -

Pseudoneureclipsis truncata sp. n. (Polycentropodidae)
(Text-fig. 3).

S. RHopDEsIA : Victoria Falls, ii.1957, E. Pinhey, 5 3.

Insects collected in alcohol. Head dark fuscous, eyes large, globose, antenna
ochraceous, palpi pale fuscous. Thorax, wings and legs pale fuscous. Fore wing
with fork R, about as long as its footstalk, fork R, sessile, fork M, with a short
footstalk, fork M, sessile, vein Cu, not forked. Median cell extending basally to
apex of thyridial cell. In hind wing, forks R,, M, and Cu,, present and stalked.

$ GENITALIA, Ninth segment narrowed dorsally to a transverse band. Median

362 TRICHOPTERA FROM S. RHODESIA AND PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA

lobe of tenth segment divided apically into two rounded, setose lobes, which in
side view project above the lateral lobes. The latter are separated from the median
lobe by a deep, narrow excision, extending almost to the base of the tenth segment,
in side view bluntly pointed at apex, in dorsal view terminating in a short finger.
Arising from the ventral surface of the tenth segment are two claw-like paraproctal
processes, directed caudad, from above straight, hooked outwards at apex. Aedeagus
slender, cylindrical, apical membrane clothed with minute spinules ; two spiniform

will

Fic. 3. Pseudoneureclipsis truncata sp. n. (A-c) and Ps. mlangensis Mosely, paratype,
(D-£), g genitalia. (a), lateral; (B), tenth segment, dorsal; (c), left clasper, dorsal ;
(pD), right half of tenth segment, dorsal; (E), left clasper, dorsal,

TRICHOPTERA FROM S. RHODESIA AND PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA 363

parameres. Claspers fused basally, from side quadrate, apical margin truncate,
clothed with microscopic setae. There is an upper branch (? second segment)
fused to the dorsal margin of the clasper, abruptly narrowed and hooked inwards
apically, apex from above rounded. Above the base of the claspers are two rounded,
setose lobes.

Length of fore wing, 5 mm.

3 holotype mounted as microscope preparation, j paratypes in British Museum
(Nat. Hist.) and National Museum of S. Rhodesia, Bulawayo. This species is closely
related to Ps. mlangensis Mosely, but differs in details of $ genitalia. The tenth
segment is more deeply excised and the lateral lobes are narrower in dorsal view.
Branches of the median lobe narrower and more rounded apically in dorsal view.
Paraproctal processes less curved. Clasper in side view with a truncate apical
margin, relatively shorter. Upper branch less acute in dorsal view.

Family HyDROPTILIDAE

In this family, the “‘ Micros ’’ of the Trichoptera, fourteen species have so far been
recorded from the African mainland, south of the Mediterranean region. There
must be a vast number of species still to be found, since almost every collection
brings in a few new species and this from the Victoria Falls is no exception, providing
yet three more. In the hope that it may encourage collectors to pay more attention
to these tiny insects, I give below a provisional key to the Hydroptilid genera
already recorded from the Mainland.

1. Ocelli present (sometimes inconspicuous) . ; ‘ ‘ : ‘ : ‘ 2
— Ocelliabsent . P : . ? ; ; : ‘ : , ; : 5
2. Tibial spurs 0.3.4 ; ; i é . , : g . : 3
— Tibialspurs1.2.4 . ‘ i A fritrichia Mosely

3. Wings tapering to long, more or less parallel-sided apices. Venation reduced, no
apical forks . : : Argyrobothrus Barnard

At least the fore wing moderately broad, not terminating in a iis narrow apex.
At least fork M, present in both wings . : 4

4. Only fork M, in both wings (fs in fore wing forked to make veins Re re and Rass)
Catoxyethira Ulmer (partim)
— Forks R,, R, and M, in fore wing, “e M, and et in hind wing Ugandatrichia Mosely
5. Tibialspurso.2.4 . : ; ‘ ‘ Hydroptila Dalman
— Tibial Spurs 0.3.4 . 6
6. Fore wing with forks R, and M,; : hind wing with fork M 1 only Catoxyethira Ulmer (parti)
- Fore wing with forks R,, R, and M,; hind wing with fork R, only Orthotrichia Eaton

? Argyrobothrus sp.

Numerous females from Victoria Falls, February 1957 are referred here with some
doubt, pending the discovery of males.

364 TRICHOPTERA FROM S. RHODESIA AND PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA

Hydroptila africana sp. n.
(Text-fig. 4)

S. Ruopesia: Victoria Falls, ii.1957, E. Pinhey, 1 3.

Specimen, collected in alcohol, much rubbed and rather bleached. Antenna with
thirty segments. Scent organ small and obscure.

3 GENITALIA. A pointed process to the seventh sternite. Ninth segment narrowed
above and below, lateral apical margins produced in short lobes, which are rounded
in side view, lower margin incurved and triangular from beneath. Tenth segment

Fic. 4. Hydroptila africana sp. n. g genitalia. (a), lateral; (B), aedeagus, lateral; (c),
ventral, aedeagus omitted.

forming an elongate, quadrate hood, lateral margins more sclerotized than centre,
apex slightly excised. Aedeagus of the normal Hydroptila pattern, titillator broad
at its base, tapering to a slender apex. Claspers fused basally, from the side somewhat
clavate, apex shallowly concave. From beneath, the lower apical angle is curved
outward. .

Length of fore wing, 1-8 mm.

3 holotype mounted as microscope preparations. This species may be distinguished
from the other two species already described from S. and E. Africa (cruciata Ulmer
and capensis Barnard) by the absence of the paired sinuous spines (“ titillators ”

claspers.

365

TRICHOPTERA FROM S. RHODESIA AND PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA
of Barnard), which are a conspicuous feature of these two species, and by the shorter

Hydroptila sp.
Two different species, represented by females only, were taken at the same time

as the foregoing male and in consequence no attempt has been made to associate
either female with H. africana. One of the species has two very distinctive blackish

spots on the dorsum of the ninth segment.

Catoxyethira pinheyi sp. n.
(Text-fig. 5)

S. RHopEsIA : Victoria Falls, ii.1957, E. Pinhey, 2 ¢.
(In 80% alcohol.) Head pale fuscous, with fuscous and greyish hairs. Antenna
with eighteen segments, very pale fuscous, with two bands of fuscous pubescence,

a broad one about midway and a narrower one towards the apex. Ocelli present.
Legs pale ochraceous. Fore wing with dense fuscous pubescence. Venation much as

in the typical species, C. fasciata Ulmer.

OMY
a 9gsys -—

—
u-"

=-
=
aman aoe

O° “264
Ks
ee”
- ono.

My ;

Wlldttryy

ty
Mira yyy

Catoxyethira pinheyi sp. n. g. (A), Wing venation ; (B), eighth to tenth segments
lateral; (c), the same, ventral.

Fic. 5.

366 TRICHOPTERA FROM S. RHODESIA AND PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA

6 GENITALIA. Eighth sternite elongate, excised almost to its base in ventral
view. From the side, the upper apical angle is produced upwards in a cup-shaped
lobe, from which arises a long, stout, sinuous spine. Ninth segment much reduced
and withdrawn within the eighth. From the side, and from beneath, in a cleared
preparation, it is very narrow and U-shaped, the upper arm of the U slender and
spiniform. Tenth segment membranous and clothed with microscopic setae, forming
a hood over the stem of the aedeagus and projecting beyond the eighth segment.
Aedeagus long and slender, tapering to a fine pointed apex. Claspers rather obscure,
apparently fused to form a plate with a bilobed apex, each arm bearing one or two
setae. On each side of this plate there appears to be a slender, acute spine.

Length of fore wing, 1-4 mm.

3 holotype mounted as microscope preparation, 3 paratype in National Museum
of S. Rhodesia. This species differs from the generic diagnosis in possessing ocelli,
which are however not conspicuous. It further differs from the characters given in
Barnard’s key to the S. African Hydroptilidae in possessing an anal lobe to the fore
wing. It agrees with the generic diagnosis in its spur formula, the general pattern of
the venation and in the strong spines of the eighth sternite of the male. I have
therefore decided to retain it in the genus Catoxyethira. It differs from C. fasciata
in its much larger eighth segment and less digitate claspers.

Orthotrichia spinicauda sp. n.
(Text-figs. 6-7)

S. RHODESIA: Victoria Falls, ii., ix.1957, E. Pinhey, 6 4, 7 9.

(In 80% alcohol.) Head and thorax pale fuscous, with fuscous and greyish hairs.
Antennae dull luteous, with sparse fuscous pubescence, about thirty-segmented
(g). Fore wing with fuscous pubescence, with scattered greyish patches. Venation
as in O. sanya Mosely, i.e., with R, in fore wing arising from the stem of R,,;. A
dense patch of black scales in the costal area at the base of fore wing in §. Abdomen
yellowish, apex fuscous, with short processes to sixth and seventh sternites.

6 GENITALIA. Completely asymmetric, as is usual in Orthotrichia. Ninth segment
largely withdrawn into eighth, with deep apical and basal lateral excisions. From
the right hand side, the lower part of the ninth segment is produced in a long slender
spine, the lower basal margin forming a transparent lobe fringed with a number of
strong setae. From the left side, the lower part of the ninth segment forms a vertical
plate, its ventral margin sinuate and carrying a tuft of setae, apex curved inward
and terminating in an upwardly directed hook, with a strong seta at its base. Upper
part of ninth segment fused with the tenth segment, forming an elongate, lightly
sclerotized hood, with a laterally directed hook near its apex, and with three spines
on the right side. The innermost is hooked downwards, the next is directed tailward
and towards its apex is curved inwards over the dorsum, and the third, which is
shorter and straight, arises from the lower margin. Aedeagus long, slender, with
a spiral tube and a loosely attached, spiniform paramere (both omitted from the
figures). Below the aedeagus, and probably attached to the basal angles of the

TRICHOPTERA FROM S. RHODESIA AND PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA = 367

Fic. 6. Orthotrichia spinicauda sp. n. gf genitalia. (A), left, lateral; (B), right, lateral ;
(c), dorsal, aedeagus omitted ; (p), ventral, aedeagus omitted.

368 TRICHOPTERA FROM S. RHODESIA AND PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA —

dorsal hood, is an elongate, semi-transparent structure, with a slender, basal apodeme
and a bifid apex, each branch terminating in a seta. Claspers fused to form an
asymmetric plate set within an excision of the ninth sternite, the plate excised
almost to its base, the left clasper terminating in a sinuous finger.

Q GENITALIA. A short, pointed ventral process on apical margin of sixth sternite ;
apical margin of seventh sternite very slightly produced at its centre. Eighth
segment forming a complete ring, apical margin of upper three-fourths irregular

Fic. 7. Orthotrichia spinicauda sp. n. 9 genitalia. (a), lateral; (B), ventral.

and fringed with setae. Ventral margin produced in an asymmetric subgenital
plate, projecting beneath the ninth segment and tapering to a rounded apex. There
is an opening on the ventral surface leading to a duct. Ninth segment lightly
sclerotized above, membranous beneath. Tenth segment forming a rounded lobe
with two short, rod-like cerci.

Length of fore wing, g, I-g mm.

3 holotype, @ allotype (ii.57, mounted as microscope preparations), paratypes
in British Museum (Nat. Hist.) and National Museum of S. Rhodesia, Bulawayo. —
This species belongs to the sanya group and is related to O. straeleni Jacquemart. —
It differs in the spiniform processes of the ninth-tenth segments and the less completely
fused claspers.

Salting’

7 NOV 1958

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN
BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA

LT.-CoL. J. N. ELIOT.

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 8
LONDON : 1959

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERELIES
a FROM MALAYA

Lt.-Cot. J. N. ELIOT,

Pp. 369-391 ; Plate 10 ; 7 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)
ENTOMOLOGY , Vol. 7 No. 8
LONDON : 1959

THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, ts
issued tn five series corresponding to the Departments
of the Museum, and an Historical Series.

Parts appear at irregular intervals as they become
ready. Volumes will contain about three or four
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within one calendar year.

This paper 1s Vol. 7, No. 8 of the Entomological
series.

2 9 JAN 1959

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM

Issued January, 1959 Price Eight Shillings |

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES
FROM MALAYA

By Lt.-Col. J. N. ELIOT, F.R.E.S.

THE present paper is an attempt to bring up to date the Synonymic List of Malayan
Butterflies in Corbet’s & Pendlebury’s The Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula, and.
Edition, 1956.

Certain additions and amendments to the Malayan list have already been, or are
being, published in the following papers :

Howarth, T. G. (1956). A new species of butterfly of the genus Niphanda (Lep.
Lycaenidae) from Malaya. Entom. 89 : 161-162.

Evans, W. H. (1956). Revisional Notes on the Hesperiidae of Europe, Asia and
Australia. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 12 (IX) : 749-752.

—— (1957). A Revision of the Arhopala group of Oriental Lycaenidae. Bull. Brit.
Mus. (nat. Hist.) Entomology 5 (3) : 85-141.

Eliot, J. N. (1956). New and little known Rhopalocera from the Oriental Region.
Bull. Raffles Mus. 27 : 32-37.

— (1957). Notes on the genus Poritia Moore. Entom. 90 : 70-74.

—— (1958). An analysis of the genus Miletus (Hiibner). Bull. Raffles Mus. 29 (in
press).

Cowan, C. F. Some new and interesting butterflies recorded from Malaya.
Malayan Nat. J. (in press).

The further records which follow result partly from an examination of the collec-
tions of Messrs. G. C. Stubbs, J. A. Hislop and C. K. Kemp, and I am most grateful
to these gentlemen for allowing me to extract interesting specimens for presentation
to the British Museum (Natural History)—referred to hereafter as B.M. I have
not attempted to include any butterflies from Tioman Island, whence Mr. Stubbs
has recently been amassing a large and most interesting collection which certainly
contains a few species and many subspecies new to the Malayan list.

I am also grateful to the authorities of the B.M. for facilities, including the loan
of material, and to Major C. F. Cowan, R.A. for advice and taking the photographs
in the plate.

Corbet & Pendlebury listed 898 species reliably recorded from Malaya. The present
additions (including those recorded in the papers above) bring the total to 947.
It is certain that many more species, especially among the Lycaenidae and Hesperii-
dae, still await discovery.

The types of all new species, subspecies and forms described below have been
deposited in the B.M.

ENTOM. 7, 8, 21

372 NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA

The following abbreviations have been used: F = fore wing, H = hind wing,
Up = upperside, Un = underside, V = vein.

PAPILIONIDAE

1. Trogonoptera brookiana trogon (Voll., 1860)

I have recently been shown a series of both sexes taken in Western Trengganu
by Mr. Leonard of the Game Department. This Sumatran subsp. also occurs in
Johore. The subsp. albescens Rothsch., 1895, does not appear to have been taken
anywhere away from the central range of mountains.

2. Chilasa paradoxa aenigma 9° f. leucothoides (Honr., 1891) (= penomimus
(Mart., 1895))

This form, which is a passable mimic of Euploea eyndhovii Feld., has already been
recorded from Singapore by Morrell (Malayan Nat. J. 11 (4): 96). I have seen a
further example from the mainland: Trengganu, Jerangau, 16.iii.1956 (G. C. Stubbs).

SATYRIDAE

3. Ypthima pandocus tahanensis Pend., 1933

This insect, in its small size and reddish-brown colour of the striations of the Un,
shows a remarkable similarity to Ypthima mgricans Snell. an apparently distinct
species occurring in Java and Bali and also in Celebes (subsp. ancus Fruh.). Examina-
tion of the g genitalia of a small number of nigricans from Bali and Celebes and 1 3
tahanensts kindly given me by Mr. J. A. Hislop reveal further similarities—namely
all have a slightly thinner and longer uncus and broader clasp than the corresponding
pandocus subspecies.

I have recently heard from Mr. G. C. Stubbs, who writes : ‘‘ I have a short series
of tahanensts collected on 28 and 29 May this year. There are 8 specimens of normal
tahanensis, and in addition there are 3 quite normal but rather small Y. pandocus
corticaria from the same locality, the padang area, about 5500 ft, on Gunong Tahan.
There are no intermediates. Another difference not mentioned in Cbt. & Pend. is
the different shape of the wings. This is very noticeable ; pandocus has round wings,
and those of tahanensis are quite angular in comparison. This, I think, confirms your
suggestion that tahanensis should be referred to nigricans, or at least not to pandocus.”

In the only two examples of tahanensis available to me the apex F is more acute,
the tornus more obtuse and the termen straighter than in corticaria. These differences
are, however, hardly noticeable in examples of pandocus and nigricans from Java
and Celebes, where both species have more the wing shape of tahanensis. In the
circumstances J think it is reasonable to detach tahanensis from pandocus and to
refer it as a subsp. to nigricans. .

It may be significant that the only other apparently isolated mountain population
of pandocus known to me, namely that occurring at the summit of Mt. Ophir in
Johore, is distinguished by very large size though not otherwise differing from
corticaria,

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA 373

NYMPHALIDAE

4. Argyreus hyperbius sumatrensis (Fruh., 1912)

gd Pahang, Tanah Rata, 4,500 ft., 4.vii.1957 (J. N. Eliot). New to Malaya.
I believe that another example of this species was caught in the Cameron Highlands
by Mr. M. J. V. Miller at an earlier date.

5. Chersonesia nicévillei Mart., 1895

The record and fig. of ‘‘ C. intermedia’”’ in Cbt. & Pend., 1956 (Note 20 on p. 477,
and pl. 41, fig. 109) are in fact of this very rare species, which is not otherwise known
to occur outside Sumatra.

6. Chersonesia intermedia intermedia Mart., 1895
(Pl. ro, fig. 5)

Cbt. & Pend. failed to recognize this species, which is by no means rare in Malaya.
Superficially it is rather similar to the common C. rahria Mre., from which it differs
in the following respects : it is smaller (F usually 15-I9 mm. against 19-22 mm.) ;
on Up the sub-basal bands are broader and contrast more strongly with the ground
colour ; at the apex UpF there is no diffuse dark line, as in rahria, running from the
submarginal dark line at a point about 2 mm. below the apex almost to a point on
the costa about the same distance from the apex. The ¢ genitalia show considerable
differences (see Text-fig. 1).

(a) (b)

Fic. 1. Uncus and tegumen (dorsal view) of : (a) Chersonesia intermedia Mart. (Malaya),
(b) C. rahria (Mre.) (Malaya).

C. intermedia, both in its nominotypical subsp. and the Burmese subsp. vahrioides
Mre., is remarkable for the frequency with which pale dwarf specimens, with F as
little as I2 mm., occur.

7. Neptis sandaka (Btlr., 1892)

The oldest name for the “‘ form ”’ of Neptis hordonia (Stoll) with the “ light male
mark ”’ (see Cbt. & Pend., p. 220) is sandaka Btlr. It is undoubtedly a good species,
which differs from hordonia in the following additional respects : the ground colour
is deeper orange ; on UpF the submarginal orange line is conspicuous and much
wider than the grey line internal to it (this grey line being always prominent in
hordonia) ; the cilia in spaces 4, 5, 7 and 8 on F are not prominently chequered as
in hordonia.

ENTOM. 7, 8. 21§

374 NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA

Butler’s original description of sandaka (type in B.M.) is misleading, as he compares
it only with N. paraka Btlr.

N. sandaka and N. hordonia occur equally commonly in Malaya, and Malayan
examples of the former do not differ from examples from the type locality of San-
dakan, N. Borneo. The fig. of ‘‘ hordonia’”’ in Cbt. & Pend. (pl. 41, fig. 110) is in
fact of sandaka.

8. Neptis heliodore (F.) complex
(Pl. ro, figs. 3, 4)

This complex comprises two species, whose relationship recalls that of N. hordonia
and N. sandaka.

Roepke (Rhop. Javanica, 3: 300 and pl. 31) has drawn attention to most of the
superficial and genitalia differences between the two species, viz. the rarer species
has a lighter speculum (“ male mark ’”’) on UpH, has the submarginal orange spot in
space 3 on F approximately the same width as those above and below it and, in the
3 genitalia, has a different cornutus (the “ radula”’ of Roepke) comprising a few
finger-like spines surmounted by a bunch of much shorter spines. Roepke called the
rarer species Neptis siaka Mre., 1881. However the type of szaka is in the B.M.,
and is a perfectly normal Sumatran example of N. heliodore dorelia Btlr. I therefore
propose the name voepkei NOM. N. pro siaka Rpke. nec Mre. for the form of the
rarer species occurring in Java.

A distinct subsp. of N. voepkei occurs in Burma:

N. roepkei ioannis subsp. n.

In both sexes differs from Javanese voepke: in having wider orange markings ;
in particular the submarginal orange band on UpH, which is obscure and sullied in
the Javanese form, is conspicuous and clear orange. On UnH the dark discal band
is narrow, I-5 mm. wide or less, whereas in the Javanese form this band is almost
twice as broad and considerably darker.

Holotype ¢ and allotype 2 S. Burma, Victoria Point, ii. 1922 (ex Archbald coll.).
A series in B.M. from S. Burma and Siam.

Malayan examples, though showing a slight approach to the Javanese form,
hardly differ enough from Burmese examples to merit a further subspecific name.
I have seen only 1 ¢ of roepke: from Borneo, which is intermediate between the Bur-
mese and Javanese forms. I have seen no Sumatran examples of roepkez, but it is
certain to occur there.

N. roepket is probably not rare in Malaya, though usually overlooked through its
resemblance to the much commoner JN. heliodore. I have taken it in Singapore as
well as on the mainland. Malayan examples of the two species are not hard to
distinguish. In addition to the differences already pointed out, in roepker the
ground colour is deeper orange ; the discal band on UnH comprises a pale brownish
fascia overlaid near its outer edge by a single comparatively broad dark line, whereas
in heliodore dorelia the pale fascia is both inwardly and outwardly defined by narrower

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA 375

dark lines, the inner of which is lighter, well defined near the costa but fading out
as it approaches the dorsum (see Pl. 10, figs. 3, 4). The latter character, however,
does not apply to nominotypical heliodore from the Langkawi Is., in which the
inner dark line is absent.

g. Neptis nandina gononata Btlr., 1877

Most modern authors have misidentified N. nandina Mre., 1857, the type of
which (see Lep. Ind. 3 : 235) is the g figured in Hsf. & Mre. (Cat. Lep. E. I. Co.,
pl. IVa, fig. 7). N. nandina Mre., N. yerburit Btlr. and N. mahendra Mre. all have
similar J aay characterized . having a small sharply-elbowed hook at the distal
end of the clasp (see Text-fig. 2), and together form a natural group. The species

LS> EZ

Fic. 2.—Right clasp of: (a) Neptis clinioides Nic. (Malaya), nN 2 . nandina gononata
Btlr. (Malaya).

erroneously dealt with as ‘‘ nandina’’ by Cbt. & Pend. (see below) belong to the
N. hylas (L.) group and have a much larger evenly curved hook at the end of the
clasp.

10. Neptis clinia Mre., 1872 leuconata Btlr., 1877
(Pl. ro, fig. 2)

Neptis clinioides Nic., 1894
(Pl. ro, fig. 1)

Cbt. & Pend. confused these two species under “‘ nandina’”’. They differ from each
other in the following respects: on F the triangular white spot beyond the cell
streak is longer in leuconata ; the cilia in space 6 on F are black in both sexes of
clinioides, whereas in the @ of leuconata they contain a prominent white patch
(sometimes faintly discernible in the g also) ; in Jeuconata the extreme base of the
costa on UnF is orange-brown; on H the white discal band is evenly wide and
extends into the base of space 3 in /ewconata, whereas in clintoides it tapers markedly
towards the dorsum and seldom enters the base of space 3.

In contrast to nandina, which exhibits marked geographical variation, clinia
and clinioides are rather constant throughout their range. The latter species is
confined to Malaysia, and examples from Malaya, Borneo, Java and Bali do not
differ sufficiently from examples from the type locality of NE. Sumatra to merit

376 NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA

subspecific rank. In Malaya N. clinioides is common in the hill stations between
2,000 ft. and 5,000 ft. N. clinia prefers lower elevations and I have not caught it
above 2,000 ft. Langkawi examples show an approach to the Indian subsp. susruta
Mre. in having some of the white markings on Up slightly sullied.

11. Neptis harita Mre., 1874

Corbet (Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. B, 6 (5) : 101-102) at one time considered harita
to be distinct from N. vikasi Hsf., but in Cbt. & Pend. no mention is made of harvita,
presumably because the two were regarded as conspecific.

In my view harita is undoubtedly a distinct species. There is never the slightest
difficulty in distinguishing it from vikast, and the area of overlap—from Indo-China,
Siam and S. Burma to Borneo—is far too great for them to be considered overlapping
subspecies. The main superficial differences are as follows: in harita all the pale
markings are narrower and more obscure ; the post-discal spot in space 2 on UpF
is crescentic in havrita, more or less quadrate in vikasi ; on UpH the ¢ speculum is
much larger in harita; on UpH and particularly on UnH the dark area between
the post-discal and submarginal pale bands is narrow and broken up into catenulate
spots between the veins in harita, but is broader and entire in vikasi ; on Un the pale
markings are more prominently washed with purplish-pink in harita; in the ¢
genitalia harita has an unusually large cornutus.

N. harita and N. vikast omeroda Mre. are equally common in Malaya.

12. Parathyma ranga malaya (Pend., 1933)

The key characters, given in Cbt. & Pend., p. 222, for distinguishing P. ranga
from P. abtasa are applicable to the Indian forms of vanga, but not to its Malayan
form. Superficially P. ranga malaya and P. abiasa clerica (Btlr.) are very similar,
but they can be separated by malaya having white dots on the abdomen. The original
description of malaya sets out many other minor points of difference (J. F'.M.S.
Mus. 17 : 395-396).

Both species are most often seen on exposed hill-tops, though both also occur
rarely at low elevations.

LYCAENIDAE

13. Allotinus fallax michaelis subsp. n.
(Pl. ro, figs. 8, 9)

¢ nearest to the Bornean subsp. audax H. H. Drc., 1895, from which it differs,
in having a unicolorous UpH (in vudax the UpH is always paler and usually whitish
on the disc).

° differs from audax 9 in having a narrower and more clearly defined white patch
on UpH.

Holotype ¢ Selangor, Ginting Sempak, 1,500 ft., 20.1.1957 (J. N. Eliot), allotype
Q Pahang, above Ginting Sempak, 2,800 ft., 14. vii.1957 (J. N. Eliot).

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA 377

14. Allotinus davidis sp. n.
(Pl. ro, figs. 6, 7)

Nearest to A. nivalis substrigosa (Mre., 1884), which it resembles in size and in
having the discal spot mid-space 7 on UnH darkened.

¢ differs from substrigosa in the following respects: on Up the ground colour
is more reddish-brown ; on UpF the swollen portion of V 4 extends for one-quarter
of the total length of the V compared with more than one-third in substrigosa ;
on Un the ground colour is pale buff, not white as in substrigosa ; on UnF there is
no prominent white dash at the apex; on UnH the postdiscal spot in space 7 is
narrowly darkened inwardly, this spot never being darkened at all in substrigosa.
The genitalia also differ, notably in the clasp which tapers to a fine incurved point
(see Text-fig. 3).

(a) (b)

Fic. 3.—Right clasp of: (a) Allotinus nivalis substrigosa (Mre.) (Malaya), (b) A. davidis
sp. n. (Malaya).

Q apart from the swelling of V 4 on UpF, differs from substrigosa 2 in the same
respects as the J.

Holotype ¢$ and allotype 2 Singapore, 17-18.vi.1953 (J. N. Eliot). 2 paratype
from S. Johore in my coll.

15. Niphanda marcia (Fawc., 1904)

§ Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, Bukit Kemalau, 4,000 ft., 17.viii.1957 (J. N. Eliot).
New to Malaya.

N. tessellata Mre. and N. stubbsi Howarth occur on the same hill-top. The antennal
club of N. marcia is cylindrical, of N. tessellata flattened, and there are several other
points of difference between these two purple species.

16. Curetis freda sp. n.
(Pl. ro, fig. ro)

Two perfectly distinct and superficially easily recognized species have hitherto
been confused under C. insularis Hsf., 1829. Iam at a loss to understand how the
second species has escaped detection for so long.

3 differs from imsularis in having the black border on UpF evenly rounded and
inwardly rather diffuse, not, or hardly, running in along the veins (in insularis
the inner edge is more sharply defined, is angled just beyond end-cell and, in
examples from Malaya, Sumatra and Borneo (subsp. psewdoinsularis Fruh., 1908

378 NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA

= tagalina Fruh., 1908), runs inwards for 1-2 mm. along Vs 1, 2 and 3). On UnH
the series of discal striae are continuous from V 8 to V rb in freda, whereas in insularis
the stria in space 1b is always shifted in about I-1-5 mm. Genitalia differ as in
Text-fig. 4.

(a) (b)

Fic. 4. Dorsal view of uncus and tegumen (above) and lateral view of genitalia (left clasp
removed) of: (a) Curetis freda sp. n. (Malaya), (b) C. insularis pseudoinsularis Fruh,
(Malaya).

2 on Up resembles zmsularis 2, from which it differs on Un exactly as in the g.

Holotype ¢ Perak, vii—viii. 1895 (Lakatt & Pamboo). Allotype 9 Malay Peninsula
(ex Adams coll.).

B.M. has a very large series of insuwlaris from S. Burma, Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo,
Banka and Java. The series of freda is smaller, and there are no examples from
S. Burma, Banka and Java. In my experience freda is commoner in Malaya than
insularis.

17. Amblypodia anita anita Hew., 1862

¢$ Pahang, Kuala Rompin, 4. viii.1953 (J. A. Hislop). Hitherto known in Malaya
only from Perlis.

18. Narathura varro selama subsp. n.

2 Up rather bright sky blue, not bluish-white as in subsp. varro (Fruh., 1913)
from Burma. On UpF the black border is 2 mm. wide at V 1, widening to 3 mm. at
V 6, whence it extends along the costa to the base with a tooth running into the cell
along the dev. There are two small black spots contiguous with the black border in
spaces 4 and 5. On UpH the black border is 2 mm. wide throughout and inwardly
rather diffuse. On Un the ground colour is hair-brown ; the markings, arranged as

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA 379

in varro, are large, hardly darker than the ground colour and prominently outlined
whitish. At mid-termen F and H there is a slight reddish-brown suffusion. There is
no whitish streak in space 6 on UnH as in subsp. varro. F 21.5 mm.

3 Up similar to varro 3. Un similar to the 2. F 19°5 mm.

Holotype 2 Perak, Ulu Selama, 1,000 ft., 19.1.1957 (J. A. Hislop). Allotype 3
Selangor, Ulu Langat, 9.iv.1933 (G. C. Stubbs).

As the ¢ is in very worn condition I have made the 2 the holotype. Mr. Hislop
tells me that he found it sitting freshly emerged in a rhinoceros’s footprint which
he had bent down to measure, and caught it in his fingers !

N. varro and N. johoreana Cbt. both have a rather short H tail (about 2 mm.
long). The other members of the camdeo (Mre.) group all have a tail twice as long.

19. Narathura athada athada (Stgr., 1889)

Three ¢ from Pulo Tenggol, a small island off the coast of Trengganu, taken by
Mr. G. C. Stubbs, have the Un purple-washed as in the Burmese subsp. apha (Nic.),
though hardly differing from normal Malayan specimens on Up.

20. Narathura azinis azinis (Nic., 1896)

2 Pahang, Gunong Batu Brinchang, 6,600 ft., 7.vii.1957 (J. N. Eliot). New to
Malaya.

A strong wind was blowing when this specimen was captured, and it had probably
been wind-borne above its normal altitude. A 9 Aurea trogon caught nearby at the
same time must also have been wind-borne.

21. Narathura aurelia (Evans, 1925)

¢ Perlis, Kangar, 22.ix.1957 (J. N. Eliot). New to Malaya.
The black border on UpF is slightly narrower than in Burmese examples.

22. Narathura pseudomuta (Stgr., 1889) complex

I did not think that Evans’s treatment of this complex in his recent revision of
the Arhopala group of genera (Bull. Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist.) Entom. 5 (3) : 85-141)
was correct, and tried in vain to make him alter it. At the time there was limited
Malayan material available. Since then I have seen more material in the collections
of Messrs. Stubbs and Hislop, and caught more myself, and I am convinced that the
Indo-Malayan forms dealt with by Evans under mindanensis and pseudomuta
comprise three species.

Evans followed Corbet in adopting as a main key character the presence or absence
of a spot at the base of space 10 on UnF. This character is very inconstant, and
examples in which the spot is present on one fore wing and not on the other are
frequent. It can only be used as a subsidiary character.

In my view the three species are as follows :

(a) N. ariana (Evans, 1925) with subspp. ariana Tavoy and arianaga (Cbt.,
1941) Malaya.

380 NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA

(b) N. elopura (H. H. Drc., 1894) with subspp. dama (Swinh., 1910) Mergui
also Kedawi and elopura Borneo also Malaya and Sumatra. Examples from
Penang are intermediate.

(c) N. pseudomuta (Stgr., 1889) with subspp. artavana (Cbt., 1941) Langkawi
Is., pseudomuta (= rafflesi (Nic., 1890), epibata (Cbt., 1948) syN. N.) Malaya
and contra Evans, 1957, Borneo also Sumatra.

N. ariana is the largest species, the F is slightly produced, and in the ¢ of subsp.
arianaga the black border F is a thread and space 6 on UpH is all blue. On Un
the markings are considerably darker than the ground colour, which is faintly
suffused with pink. There is never a spot at the base of space 10 on UnF. In Malaya
proper it occurs only in the mountains, but in Kedawi it occurs in the plains.

N. elopura has more quadrate wings with the apex F rounded. On UpF the black
border is a thread in subsp. elopura, and about 1 mm. wide in subsp. dama. On
UpH space 6 is more than one-half blue in subsp. elopura. On the hair-brown Un
the markings are barely darker than the ground colour. There is never a spot at
the base of space 10 on UnF.

N. pseudomuta has more elongate wings ; the black border F is wider than in corre-
sponding elopura forms, being I mm. in pseudomuta and about 1°25 mm. in aniavana;
space 6 on UpH is more than one-half black ; on Un there is occasionally a faint
purple glaze in pseudomuta and a pronounced glaze in ariavana. The spot at the base
of space 10 may be present or absent. It is present in the type of epibata, absent
in the types of vafflesit and ariavana (though present in an otherwise similar specimen
of ariavana from Langkawi).

I think mindanensis (B. B., 1903) from the Philippines is best regarded as a distinct
species, though it may be a subsp. of pseudomuta.

I am by no means certain that pseudomuta of Staudinger, of which the type, I
understand, was lost during the last war, is in fact the same species as that which I
call by this name. However it seems best not to alter Evans’s use of this name
and thereby add to the confusion which already surrounds it (see Evans, 1957,

Appx. 5).
23. Narathura alaconia media Evans, 1957

I have seen a 9 of this normally tailless species (Langkawi Is., xii. 1956-1.1957 —
(C. K. Kemp)), which has a H tail 2-5 mm. long. In all other respects it is indis-
tinguishable from normal media. It deserves a name, and I propose kempi F. N.
after its captor.

It works out as N. alesia on Evans’s key, but it differs from that species in having
the outer edge of the discal spot in space 6 on UnH concave—this spot being convex
in alesia.

24. Panchala elizabethae sp. n.
(Pl. 10, fig. 12)
¢ nearest to P. ariel Doh., 1891, from which it differs in the following respects :

on Up the black border is slightly wider—z mm. at tornus F expanding to 5 mm.
at the apex and nearly 3 mm, on H, The ground colour is bright shining blue, which

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA 381

contrasts strikingly with the non-shining purple of aviel. On Un the ground colour
has a stronger and more shining purplish glaze, and the markings and tornal metallic
scaling on H are arranged as in aviel. Genitalia identical with ariel, except that the
dorsal hooks are slightly longer and thinner.

Holotype 3 Pahang, Raub, 19.v.1937 (J. N. Eliot). Damaged and tails broken off.

I have seen another ¢ from Pahang, Chegar Perah, 8.v.1934 (G. C. Stubbs), in
which the space between the two discal spots in space 7 on UnH is partly filled in
with white, resembling P. ammonides Doh. in this respect.

25. Pratapa sannio ricardi subsp. n.
(PL10), fig. 12)

3 Up ground colour brighter and more silvery blue than subsp. sannio H. H. Dre.
1895 from Borneo (known to me only from the ¢ type and original description),
with the black border slightly narrower at the tornus F. On Un the white discal
band is straighter and twice as wide (about 1-5 mm.) and on H the tornal orange
area is more than twice as large, reaching the postdiscal striae in spaces 1b and 2.

2 on Up the black border is a little wider than in the ¢ and there is a white fleck
at end-cell F. Un resembles the 3.

Holotype g:and allotype 9 Pahang, Gunong Batu Brinchang, 6,600 ft., 5-7. vii. 1957
(J. N. Eliot). 4 3, 5 2 paratypes from Fraser’s Hill in my coll. Further $¢ seen
in coll. G. C. Stubbs.

P. sannio has hitherto been known with certainty only from Borneo and Nias,
but records of P. cotys Hew. from Sumatra probably apply to this species. Cbt. &
Pend. (p. 338) evidently regarded sannio as a subsp. of the Celebesian P. anysis
Hew. However the ¢ genitalia differ far too much for conspecificity to be possible.
The same applies to P. cotys Hew., a further species from India and Burma with
subsp. cremera (Nic.) from Java.

26. Pratapa luculentus taorana (Cbt., 1940)

Corbet described taorana from a single very battered 9 and placed it as a subsp.
of P. illurgioides (Nic., 1890). However it is marked on Un as P. luculentus (Leech),
not as P. illurgioides. A further very fresh 2 taorana from Pahang (Cameron High-
lands) in my coll. exactly matches a 3 luculentus from the same locality. P. illurgioides
should therefore be deleted from the Malayan list.

27. Jacoona fabronia lina subsp. n.

$ differs from subsp. fabronia (Hew., 1878) from India and Burma in having the
UpH all blue to mid-space 5 except for a white marginal line 1 mm. wide in spaces
Ia and rb and just entering 2 (in fabronia the tornal white area is wide and diffuse,
covering nearly one-quarter of the H). In addition there are no black tornal spots
on UpH, such as are prominent in fabronia. Un as fabronia. F 16 mm.

Holotype ¢ Pahang, Gunong Batu Brinchang, 6,600 ft., 7. vii.1957 (J. N. Eliot),
There is a similar 3 in coll, Hislop (Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, 24. vi. 1953).

382 NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA

I have also seen 2 2 from Fraser’s Hill in coll. Stubbs which differ from fabronia
Q in possessing a narrow straight white discal band on UpH running from the costa
to the tornal white area at V 4. Occasionally Burmese 9° have this band faintly
indicated.

28. Ticherra acte liviana Fruh., 1912

Occurs quite commonly on either side of the Ginting Sempak pass between Selangor
and Pahang from about 800 ft. to 2,000 ft. Hitherto only the nominotypical subsp.
has been recorded in Malaya from Perlis, but in fact Perlis examples are intermediate
between acte and liviana.

29. Marmessus scudderii perlisa Riley, 1942

3 Selangor, Pahang Road 16 M.S., 13.iv.1956 (J. A. Hislop). Hitherto only
known from Perlis.

30. Marmessus rufotaenia rufotaenia Fruh., 1912

3 @ Langkawi Is. (G. C. Stubbs) and 9 Perlis (J. N. Eliot) have a small orange
patch on UpF, thus showing an approach to the Burmese subsp. archbaldi Evans.
Hitherto the species has not been known to occur in Malaya outside Singapore Is.

31. Artipe eryx excellens subsp. n.

¢ larger than nominotypical eryx (L., 1771) from China (F 21-23°5 mm. as against
15-20 mm.). Up blue ground colour brighter and more extensive, reaching 2-3 mm.
beyond cell on F and filling at least half space 6 on H. Black border F narrower,
inwardly straight, 1-5 mm. wide at tornus increasing to about 7 mm. at costa. Un
deeper, more emerald green.

Holotype 3 Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, 4,000 ft., 19.iv.1957 (J. N. Eliot). Nine 3
paratypes in my coll.

A. eryx has an undeserved reputation for extreme rarity in Malaya. Males occur
fairly frequently on exposed hill tops, but are apt to be overlooked as they only
appear during the last two hours of daylight. They probably also fly for a short
time soon after dawn, like some Rapala spp. Indian and Burmese examples of
eryx are intermediate between subspp. eryx and excellens.

32. Rapala rhodopis Nic., 1896

Three 3, 6 9 Pahang, Gunong Batu Brinchang, 6,600 ft., vii.1957, and Fraser’s
Hill, 4,000 ft., viii-ix.1957 (J. N. Eliot). Further gg seen in coll. Stubbs from
Fraser’s Hill and Kuala Lipis. New to Malaya.

33. Bindahara phocides phocides (F., 1793)

Occasionally Malayan jg have a bright blue marginal streak in spaces 2 to 4
on UpH, rather as in subsp. moorei Fruh, from Ceylon and S, India,

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA 383

HESPERIIDAE

34. Choaspes benjaminii formosana Fruh., 1911

3 Upper Perak, Telemong, 12.viii.1949 (J. A. Hislop), 2 § Pahang, Cameron
Highlands, 7. viii. 1955 and Fraser’s Hill, 16. viii. 1951 (G. C. Stubbs). New to Malaya.

35. Celaenorrhinus putra sanda Evans, 1941

3 Upper Perak, ix.1949 (J. A. Hislop). Hitherto known in Malaya with certainty
only from the Langkawi Is.

36. Celaenorrhinus pyrrha Nic., 1889
Q Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, 8.vii.1949 (G. C. Stubbs). New to Malaya.

37. Celaenorrhinus nigricans Nic., 1885
3d Pahang, Kuala Terla, 4,000 ft., 17.ix.1957 (J. N. Eliot). New to Malaya.

38. Coladenia agnioides Elw. & Edw., 1897

Two ¢ Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, 4,000 ft., 24.iii.1957 (J. N. Elvot) and 16.vi.1957
(G. C. Stubbs). New to Malaya.

39. Pintara pinwilli pinwilli (Btlr., 1877)

3, 2 Malacca, Jasin, 26.v.1955 (G. C. Stubbs), § Pahang, Ginting Sempak, 1,500 ft.,
7 .viii.1957 (J. N. Eliot). These appear to be the first records of this rare species in
Malaya since the type was taken more than 80 years ago.

40. Daimio phisara Mre., 1884

$ Perlis, Kaki Bukit, 21.ix.1957 (J. N. Eliot), with a comparatively broad, clear
white discal band on UpH, resembles Burmese examples of the wet season fairly
closely and is referable to subsp. phisara. New to Malaya.

The form occurring in Malaya proper represents a new subsp.:

D. phisara tristis subsp. n.
(Pl. 10, fig. 13)

g on UpF the white spots in spaces 2 and 3 and at end-cell are smaller than in
other subspp., that in space 2 being crescentic. On UpH the white band is narrow,
sullied, intermediate in appearance between subspp. phisara (wet season form)
and tenebrosa J. & T. The spot end-cell on H is fainter than usual on Up and absent
on Un. On UnH the white band is unsullied and 3-5-4:0 mm. wide, as in subsp.
phisara. F 17-5 mm.

Holotype ¢ Pahang, Ginting Sempak, 1,750 ft., 14.iv.1957 (J. N. Eliot). Para-
type ¢ Singapore, 3.ix.1936 (J. N. Eliot) in my coll. A gin B.M. from Sumatra,
Siboga, 11.1903 (ex Oberthur coll.) is almost identical with the Singapore ¢.

384 NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA

41. Halpe zema (Hew., 1877) complex
(Pl. 10, figs. 14-16)

The forms dealt with by Evans, 1949 (A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe,
Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.)) under H. zema and H. zola
zamba Cbt. comprise 3 closely-allied but apparently distinct species, all of which
occur in Malaya without any evidence of interbreeding. I have taken all 3 at the
same time and place feeding on the mauve flowers of the Siam Weed (Eupatorium
sp.).

The 3 species are :

(a) H. zema (Hew., 1877) with subspp. zema (Sikkim to N. Burma and Indo-
China) and zamba Cbt., 1940 (Malaya also Borneo).

(b) H. ormenes (Pl., 1886) with subspp. vilasina Fruh., 1911 (Sumatra also
Malaya), vistula Evans, 1937 (Borneo), vistara Fruh., 1911 (Java), ormenes
(Nias) and probably mahapara Fruh., 1911 (Palawan).

Though fresh examples can normally be determined by superficial characters,
examination of the genitalia is a safer guide. In the ¢ genitalia the distal half of the
clasp gives specific characters (see Text-fig. 5). In zema it is fully spined only along

(c)

Fic. 5. Left clasp and (above) distal extremity of clasp showing optimum view of the
“spoon” of : (a) Halpe ormenes vilasina Fruh. (Malaya), (b) H. elana sp. n. (Malaya),
(c) H. zema zamba Cbt. (Malaya).

its outer, dorsal edge; the tip of the clasp is dorsally expanded, and then bent
inwards at right angles. In ormenes and elana it is spined on both sides and the tip
is spathulate. In elana the spoon is straight and flattened, in ormenes slightly curved
inwards and trough-like. In Cbt. & Pend. genitalia fig. 282 represents e/ana, but is
a little distorted, probably through mounting on a flat slide,

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA 385

In the 2 genitalia the ostium bursae is flanked by two antler-like processes (see
Text-fig. 6). In zema the “antlers ”’ are very broad, rather short and carry numerous
points; in ormenes they are longer, narrower and carry fewer points; in elana
they are still narrower and may comprise a single point.

Judged by the genitalia H. ormenes and H. elana are more nearly related to each
other than to H. zema, and probably developed from a common ancestor in Malaysia

(JM

(b) (co) (d) (e)
(f) (g) (h) (i)
(a

Fic. 6. Genital plate with “ antlers ’’ and bursa ((a) only) of: (a), (b), (c) Halpe elana
sp. n. (Malaya), (d), (e) H. ovmenes vilasina Fruh. (Malaya), (f) H. ormenes vistula Evans
(Borneo), (g) H. zema zema (Hew.) (Sikkim), (h), (i) H. zema zamba Cbt. (Malaya).

and S. Burma respectively. H. elana must have extended its range into Malaya
in very recent times—since the final separation of Sumatra and Borneo from Malaya
—-since it has not reached the islands. H. zema is a common species in Sikkim and
Assam, and it probably developed from the same common ancestor in this area.
However, it must have begun to spread southwards before elana as, despite its more
northerly origin, it has reached Borneo.

42. H. elana sp. n.
(Pl. ro, fig. 14)

3 Up similar to H. ormenes vilasina Fruh., and differing from H. zema zamba
Cbt. in that the spots in spaces 2 and 3 on UpF do not overlap so much. On UnH
the whitish band is narrow (about 1-0-1°5 mm. wide), yellowish, inwardly straight,

386 NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA

outwardly irregular, with the veins dark-dusted across it (in ormenes and zema
the band is wider—almost clear white and straight-edged in ormenes, rather yellowish
and irregular in zema). Genitalia as described above. F 17:5 mm.

2 differs from ormenes and zema 9° in the narrower band on UnH, which generally
resembles that of the 3, though it may be slightly wider (up to 2.0 mm.). F 19:5
mm.

Holotype 3 Pahang, Ginting Sempak, 1,000 ft., 6.1.1957 (J. N. Eliot). Allotype
2 Pahang, Ginting Sempak, 1,000 ft., 20.1.1957 (J. N. Eliot). A series from Ginting
Sempak and Fraser’s Hill in my coll., and a series in B.M. from S. Burma. The
latter were placed under ormenes by Evans (op. cit.), presumably because the
nominotypical subsp. from Nias has a rather similar narrow white band on UnH.

43. Halpe zola zola Evans, 1937
3 Perlis, Kaki Bukit ridge, 1,500 ft., 7.1.1939 (C. F. Cowan). New to Malaya.
As shown above, the record of zola in Cbt. & Pend. is erroneous. Though super-
ficially very similar to the species of the H. zema complex, the genitalia of H. zola
show it to be fairly widely separated from them. The 9 genitalia, in particular,
are quite different and lack the “ antlers ”’.

44. Halpe porus (Mab., 1876)
Q Perak, Taiping Club, I0.xi.1953 (C. F. Cowan). Doubtfully recorded by
Cbt. & Pend.

45. Halpe hauxwelli Evans, 1937
3§ Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, 4,000 ft., 19.iv.1957 (J. N. Eliot). New to Malaya.

46. Scobura woolletti woolletti Riley, 1923

3, 2 @ Pahang, Ginting Sempak, 1,000 ft., xii.1956-i.1957 (J. N. Eliot). New
to Malaya.

47. Suastus minuta (Mre., 1877)

Hitherto the only Malayan record of S. minuta has been of subsp. aditia Evans,
1943, from the Langkawi Is. A female from Perak, Grik District, Bersia, 15. viii. 1949
(J. A. Hislop) constitutes the first record of this subsp. from Malaya proper. I have
also seen from Malaya one example of the superficially very different subsp. scopas
(Stgr., 1889) (Q Pahang, Ginting Sempak, 29.xii.1940 (G. C. Stubbs).) This suggests
that scopas may have achieved specific status.

48. Zographetus ogygia (Hew., 1866) complex

Evans (1949, op. cit., p. 300), whilst commenting on “ the bewildering variation
in the g genitalia, the presence or absence of the 3 brand and the appearance of
the UnH”’ considered that there was only one real species in the complex. He

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA 387

grouped all the described forms into four subspp.: ogygia (with flavipennis (Nic.,
1885) and flavalum (Nic., 1887) listed as syns.), andamana Evans, 1926, durga
(Pl., 1884) and ogygioides Elw. & Edw., 1897.

I have re-examined the genitalia of all the examples in B.M. dissected by Evans
and also some further Malayan examples in my own collection, and my conclusions
differ from those of Evans in some respects.

The ¢ genitalia (see Text-fig. 7) of nominotypical ogygia (= flavipennis (Nic.))
show considerable individual variation, especially in the outline of the clasp and
in the paired sub-uncal processes, which comprise a narrow outer arm united to an

(a) (Cc)

(e) (f)

Fic. 7. End-on view of uncus, to show sub-uncal processses, of : (a) Zographetus ogygia
ogygia (Hew.) form a (Malaya, (b) Z. ogygia ogygia (Hew.) form 6 (f. doxus f. n.)
(Malaya), (c) Z. ogygioides Elw. & Edw. (Malaya), (d) Z. kutu sp. n. (Malaya). Right
clasp of: (e) Z. kutw sp. n. (Malaya), (f) Z. ogygia sanga subsp. n. (Sumbawa).

inner spined or dentate lamina. Although no two specimens are exactly alike, I
have nevertheless been struck how all the specimens I have examined break down
into two forms. Form a, to which belong the types of ogygza and andamana Evans,
has the outer arm always short, the inner lamina small and carrying comparatively
few large spines, usually roughly arranged in two rows round the periphery. Form 8,
which is rarer, has the outer arm of variable length, though usually longer than form
a, whilst the inner lamina is larger and covered almost all over with numerous small
teeth. Sometimes form a has a few minute teeth on the inner lamina in addition
to the peripheral spines (as in Text-fig. 7(a)), thus showing an approach to form 6.
However I have seen no convincing evidence of one form grading gradually into
the other, and I think it is probable that two species are involved. But in view of
the pronounced tendency to individual variation and the impossibility of distinguish-
ing the two forms with certainty on superficial characters (though in Malaysia form a
has at most a faint apical purple wash on UpF, whilst form 0 has a strong wash),

388 NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA

I think it is best to leave them both lumped under ogygia. Form b, however, deserves
a name and I propose doxus F.N. (holotype ¢ S. Burma, Victoria Point, iii. 1919
(ex W. H. Evans coll.)).

Z. flavalum (Nic.), which Evans placed as a syn. of ogygia, is represented in the
B.M. only by the ¢ type from Sikkim. Superficially it is very different on UnH
and the genitalia are markedly different, lacking the sub-uncal processes. I con-
sider it to be a good species, which does not belong to the ogygia complex at all.

Z. durga (P1.) from the Philippines has the inner lamina somewhat resembling
that organ in Z. satwa (Nic., 1883), which it also resembles on Un. In all other
respects it is closer to ogygia, and is best left as a subsp. of that sp.

Specimens from the Lesser Sunda Is., which Evans placed under durga, have a
highly aberrant clasp, and must therefore be rcgarded as constituting a good subsp. :

Z. ogygia sanga (Evans MS.) subsp. n.

Superficially indistinguishable from durga (Pl.). The 3 genitalia have the clasps
ending in a sharp upturned spine (see Text-fig. 7(/)), a feature which is unique in
the genus, but otherwise do not much differ from those of durga, though the outer
arm of the sub-uncal process is longer and broader.

Holotype g Sumbawa, ix.1891 (ex W. H. Evans coll.). B.M. has also ¢ Lombok,
3d S. Flores, 2 Alor.

Z. ogygioides Elw. & Edw. flies with ogygia in Malaya, Sumatra and Borneo. It
shows much less individual variation in the ¢ genitalia than ogygia. The outer
arm is always vestigial and the inner lamina small, carrying about 6-8 large spines
in a single row round the periphery. Superficially it differs from ogygia in lacking
brands on UpF, whilst on UnH it has a more unicolorous reddish-brown ground
colour, on which the discal spots are clearly marked. As there is no evidence of
any grading into ogygia, and as the geographical overlap is so large, I consider that
it is a good sp.

In Malaya there occurs yet another brandless sp., which is more easily recognizable
than ogygiordes :

49. Z. kutu sp. n.

Larger than ogygioides (F 16 mm. as against 14-15 mm.). ¢g UpF with spots
arranged as in ogygia and ogygioides, but differing from both in having the whole
wing washed with dull non-shining purple (the purple wash, when present, is more
apical and shining in the other two spp.). There are no brands on UpF. UnH
uniform reddish-brown, usually with a purple flush, the discal spots vestigial or
absent. ¢ genitalia with the sub-uncal processes carrying a long outer arm and large
inner lamina covered all over with numerous minute teeth, resembling ogygia form
b, though both outer arm and inner lamina are a little larger (see Text-fig. 7(d)).

Holotype 3 Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,300-3,500 ft., 23.ix.1932 (H. M. Pendlebury).
Four 3 paratypes from Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, iv-ix.1957 in my coll. Other $¢ seen
in coll. Stubbs.

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA 389

50. Hyarotis stubbsi sp. n.
(Pl. ro, fig. 17)

Q nearest to H. adrastus (Stoll). Up blackish brown. F with large, quadrate,
contiguous, hyaline spots in space 2 and the outer part of the cell, a minute hyaline
spot at the base of space 3, and minute apical spots in spaces 6-8, only that in 6
being hyaline. On UnF the spots in 3 and 6-8 are slightly enlarged, and there are
large, diffuse, tornal white spots in spaces 1a and rb and a diffuse white costal spot
above, and rather wider than, the cell spot. There is also a sub-marginal series of
obscure dark spots running from V 2 to the costa. On UnH the basal area from mid-
costa to the cubitus, including the whole of the cell, is darkened, and there is an
‘obscure post-discal series of contiguous dark spots from V rb to V 7 arranged in an
even curve. Cilia F and H uniform dark brown, not chequered pale and dark brown
as in adrastus. Palpi grizzled as in advastus. Antennae not completely white-ringed
below the apiculus, as in adrastus, but with a white patch on the Un of the club.
F 18 mm.

Differs additionally from advastus in the following respects: absence of a white
spot in space 1 on UpF; much larger spots in spaces 2 and cell with their inner
edges in line ; much larger white costal and tornal spots on UnF ; complete absence
of the white band always present onUnH, at least vestigially, in adrastus.

Holotype 2 Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, 25.ix.1949 (G. C. Stubbs). Unique.

51. Plastingia tavoyana Evans, 1926

2 Pahang, Kuala Lipis, 3.ix.1934 (G. C. Stubbs). Hitherto recorded in Malaya
only from Langkawi Is.

52. Potanthus pamela Evans, 1934

$ Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, 4,000 ft., 26.vi.1953 (J. A. Hislop). New to Malaya.
Superficially very similar to the much commoner P. rectifasciata (Elw. & Edw.),
which occurs in the same locality, but easily recognized by the broad V-shaped
uncus.

53. Potanthus pava pava (Fruh., 1911)

¢$ Perak, Grik, 10. vi.1956 (J. A. Hislop). Hitherto recorded in Malaya only from
the Langkawi Is.

54. Telicota ancilla bambusae (Mre., 1878)

The occurrence of this butterfly in Malaya seems hitherto to have been based on
a single J in B.M. labelled “ Singapore, J. J. Walker’. This example is much closer
to the Ceylon form of ancilla than to the forms occurring in S. Burma or Borneo.
The late Cdr, Walker collected widely in the East, and the example is, I believe,

390 NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA

wrongly labelled. However JT. ancilla does, I think, occur in Malaya in a form
superficially rather similar to the Bornean subsp. santa Evans, though smaller and
with narrower orange markings. It differs from santa and the Indo-Burmese subsp.
bambusae in the § genitalia, which resemble those of T. linna Evans, 1937, in having
a long curved valva and prominently protruding cuiller. Indeed, if judged by ¢
genitalia alone, it would be best placed as a inna form. It is, however, quite distinct
from T. linna bina Evans, differing in the following respects: the lower surface of
the antennal club is ringed with black, this being plain yellow in bina ; the base of
space 3 on UpF is nearly always black, this being orange in bina; the black discal
fascia, on which the ¢ stigma is placed, is not bowed outwards as in bina ; on UpH
the orange discal band very seldom extends into space 6, as it always does in bina ;
on UnH the veins are not dark-dusted across the orange discal band.

The ¢ genitalia of undoubted specimens of T. ancilla bambusae show some indi-
vidual variation, and this Malayan form is, I think, best left provisionally as bambusae.
I have taken 10 J, I 2 in the central range between 1,000 ft. and 4,000 ft.

55. Telicota hilda sp. n.
(Pl. ro, fig. 18)

All the forms from Malaya to the Philippines and Australia placed by Evans
under 7. augias (L.) have the orange discal band on UpH extending above V 6. In
the mountains of Malaya there occurs a form with similar ¢ genitalia in which the
band never extends above V 6 and which differs in a number of other respects.
Though possibly a montane form of augias, I think it is more correctly regarded as
a good species.

¢g nearest to T. augias augias (L.), judged by the ¢ genitalia, but the valva is a
little longer and is more heavily studded with larger spines. On Up the orange
markings are narrower than in any augias subsp.; on F the base of space 3 is black ;
on H the discal orange band never extends above V 6. On UpF the portion of the
discal stigma lying in space I is usually markedly concave outwardly. On UnH
the ground colour is dusky ochreous, against which the discal orange band contrasts
conspicuously. The Vs crossing this band are dark-dusted, as in the Philippine
T. augias pythias (Mab.). The antennal club is strongly black-striped below. F 17
mm.

Holotype § Pahang, Fraser’s Hill 4,000 ft., 10.ix.1957 (J. N. Eliot). Five 3
paratypes from Fraser’s Hill at elevations of 2,000-4,000 ft. in my coll. Further
dd seen in coll. J. A. Hislop. B.M. has 1 3 from Victoria Point, S. Burma.

56. Caltoris bromus bromus (Leech, 1894)

Two ¢ Pahang, Ginting Sempak, 1,000 ft., xii. 1956-i.1957, g¢ Selangor, Templer
Park, 4.v.1957 (all J. N. Eliot), 9 Perak, Grik, 31.vii.1957 (J. A. Hislop). Recorded
doubtfully from Malaya by Cbt. & Pend,

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN BUTTERFLIES FROM MALAYA 391

57. Caltoris tulsi tulsi (Nic., 1884)

gd Selangor, Ginting Sempak, 1,500 ft., 14.vii.1957 (J. N. Eliot) has no pale
fascia on UnF or UnH, the dark brown ground colour being uniformly washed with
purple. There is a similar g in B.M. from Sumatra and another from Borneo, all
of which have normal ¢ genitalia.

SUMMARY

Seven new species of butterflies from Malaya and Burma, 8 new subspecies and
2 new forms are described. A number of butterflies are recorded from Malaya for the
first time, and the known geographical range of others has been extended. In addition
an attempt has been made to sort out into their constituent species several complexes
of hitherto uncertain status.

PLATE ito

(Figures are numbered vertically by columns from left to right.)

Fic. 1. Neptis clinioides Nic. ¢ (Malaya).

Fic. 2. Neptis clinia leuconata Btlr. J (Malaya).

Fic. 3. Neptis heliodore dorelia Btlr. ¢ (Malaya).

Fic. 4. Neptis roepkei ioannis subsp. n. 4 (Malaya).

Fic. 5. Chersonesia intermedia intermedia Mart. 4 (Malaya).
Fic. 6. Allotinus davidis sp.n. Holotype ¢ (Singapore).

Fic. 7. Allotinus davidis sp. n. Paratype 9 (S. Johore).

Fic. 8. Allotinus fallax michaelis subsp. n. Holotype ¢ (Malaya).
Fic. 9. Allotinus fallax michaelis subsp. n. Allotype 2? (Malaya).
Fic. 10. Cuvretis fredasp.n. Paratype ¢ (Malaya).

Fic. 11. Pvratapa sannio vicardi subsp. n. Holotype ¢ (Malaya).
Fic. 12. Panchala elizabethae sp.n. Holotype ¢ (Malaya).

Fic. 13. Daimio phisara tristis subsp. n. Holotype ¢ (Malaya).
Fic. 14. Halpe elanasp.n. Holotype $ (Malaya).

Fic. 15. Halpe zema zamba Cbt. ¢ (Malaya).

Fic. 16. Halpe ormenes vilasina Fruh. 6 (Singapore).

Fic. 17. Hyarotis stubbsi sp.n. Holotype 2 (Malaya).

Fic. 18. Telicota hildasp.n. Paratype ¢ (Malaya).

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 7, 8

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PLATE

A STUDY OF
THE NEW ZEALAND
CHIRONOMIDAE
(DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

PAUL FREEMAN

BULLETIN OF
THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 9
LONDON: 1959

A STUDY OF THE NEW ZEALAND
CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

PAUL FREEMAN
Ce nae

Pb. 393-437; Plate 11; 6 Text-figures

BULLETIN OF
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ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 9
LONDON: 1959

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A STUDY OF THE NEW ZEALAND
CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

By PAUL FREEMAN

THE first two species of New Zealand Chironomidae were described by Hudson in
An Elementary Manual of New Zealand Entomology (1892), one species being placed
in Chironomus and the other in Corethra. Hutton added another eleven in 1go2 and
since then Kieffer (1922), Tonnoir (1923) and Pagast (1947) have further increased
the total to 19. No attempt has been made to give keys and descriptions for all
the known species since Hutton’s paper in 1902 (Tvans. New Zealand Inst. 34 : 180-
187).

The basis for the present Study is the collection of almost 700 specimens in the
British Museum supplemented by nearly 200 borrowed from the Canterbury Museum,
Christchurch. These collections contain about 50 species, but I have actually only
described or redescribed 41 species because about eight species of Orthocladiinae
and one species of Corynoneurinae are represented either by females or by damaged
specimens ; this compares favourably with Tonnoir’s estimate of 55 species (1923,
Bull. Soc. ent. Belge 5 : 93). More than one-third of the specimens available to me
were collected at Ohakune in the Provincial District of Wellington and the other
two-thirds mostly in the Districts of Auckland and Canterbury. Although species
of Chironomidae tend to be widely distributed, it is probable that the number of
known species could be increased if larger collections were made in other Districts. I
am making no pretence that this is in any way a full revision, but it is hoped that it
at least includes most of the commoner species and that it may act as an incentive
to further collecting and study so that the family may become more fully known.

Of the 19 species that have been described by previous authors, I have examined
type material of 13 and have been able to recognize all except two of the remainder.
These two are Chirvonomus lentus Hutton and Dactylocladius commensalis Tonnoir.
The table shows the actual or probable position of all 19 in a more modern classifica-
tion, which is that used in my “Study of the Chironomidae of Africa South of the
Sahara’”’ (see Bull. Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist.) Entom. vols. 4-6, 1955-58).

I am indebted to Mr. E. G. Turbott of the Canterbury Museum for lending me
type material of Hutton’s species and un-named material and to Dr. R. Pilgrim of
Canterbury University College for giving me great help with comparisons with
Hutton’s specimens. I wish also to express my thanks to Dr. W. Hennig of Deutsches
Entomologisches Institut for lending me the types of species described by Kieffer and
to both Dr. R. G. Ordish and Dr. Dell of the Dominion Museum, Wellington for
comparing specimens with the type of Corethra antarctica Hudson.

A detailed account of the structures of taxonomic importance is given in Part I
of my Study of African Chironomidae referred to above but for convenience I am
giving the following notes.

ENTOM. 7. 9. 22

396 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

Antennal ratio given as A.R., is the ratio of the greatly elongated last or last two
(Tanypodinae) segments of the flagellum to the short basal ones taken together.

The leg ratio, referred to as L.R., is the ratio of the anterior basitarsus to the
tibia. The tarsal beard is the row of long hairs seen along part of the anterior
tarsus of the males of some species.

The thoracic markings follow a definite pattern throughout the family with the
areas of muscle insertion darker than other parts of the cuticle. The most obvious
darker areas are the so-called “ mesonotal stripes ’’ consisting of a short central
(sometimes divided centrally) band in the front half of the mesonotum and two
lateral ones in the posterior half.

The wing venation employed uses Tillyard’s modification, whereby Cu, of earlier
authors is regarded as M;,,. The cross-vein m-cu of authors then becomes the true
base of this vein and the cubital fork a compound fork which I call the posterior
fork. Cu, of authors is now Cu.

TABLE.—Previously Known New Zealand Species of Chironomidae

Actual or
Author and Reference Original name probable position
Hudson, 1892, Manual of New . Tanypus antarctica . Anatopynia antarctica.
Zealand Entomology Chironomus zealandicus . Chironomus zealandicus.
Hutton, 1902, Tvans. New Zea- . Chivonomus lentus . ? Polypedilum.
land Inst. 34 : 180-187 C. opimus . Polypedilum opimus.
C. pavidus . P. pavidus.
C. ignavus . Polypedilum.
Orthocladius publicus . Orthocladius
O. cingulatus . Cricotopus cingulatus.
Camptocladius vernus . Smittia vernus.
Tanytarsus vespertinus . Lanytarsus vespertinus.
Tanypus languidus . Anatopynia languidus.
T. debilis . A. debilis.
T. malus . Pentaneuva (Ablabesmyia)
malus.
Kieffer, 1922, Ann. Soc. Linn. . Chirvonomus novae- . Chivonomus zealandicus.
Lyon. 68 : 145-148 zelandiae
Macropelopia hudson . Anatopynia antarctica.
M. novae-zelandiae . A. debilis.
Tonnoir, 1923, Aun. Biol. Lacust. . Dactylocladius commensalis . Orthocladius.
11: 284
Pagast, 1947, Avch Hydrobiol. . Lobodiamesa campbelli . Lobodiamesa campbelli.
41 : 446-448 . Maoridiamesa harrisi . Maoridiamesa harrisi.

AFFINIITES OF THE NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE

Although the present paper cannot be considered in any way a complete revision
of the New Zealand species, there are representatives of more than 20 genera and
thus some idea can be obtained of the affinities of the Chironomid fauna as a whole.

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 397

At the subfamily level, the Clunioninae are quite unrepresented but examples may
well be found later ; there is a single specimen, too damaged for description, belong-
ing to the Corynoneurinae, genus Corynoneura, in the material at my disposal. All
the other subfamilies are present, there being 12 species of Tanypodinae, one of
Podonominae, two of Diamesinae, about 17 of Orthocladiinae (only nine described),
and 17 of Chironominae. This is a very similar distribution of species for each
subfamily to that for the British fauna, differing mainly, apart from the absence of
the Clunioninae, in the higher number of species of Tanypodinae in proportion to
the species of Orthocladiinae and Chironominae.

The genera Lobodiamesa, Maoridiamesa, Ophryophorus and Paucispinigera are
peculiar to New Zealand and representatives are not known from any other part of
the world. It will be interesting to see whether any of them are eventually found
in Patagonia. The new genus Harrisius is represented in the British Museum by a
second, as yet undescribed, species from New Guinea. The Patagonian genus
Rhinocladius Edwards has no New Zealand species known to me.

The single species of Riethia shows a great similarity in general and hypopygial
structure to a species from Patagonia and South Chile placed by Edwards in
Pseudochironomus. As explained below, I have transferred them both to Riethia, a
genus including Australian species. Dzplocladius lacuniferus shows considerable
resemblance to Patagonian species (placed by Edwards in the genus Séictocladius),
but D. pictus equally shows affinities with Palaearctic and possibly African species.
These are the only outstanding examples that I have been able to find in the Chirono-
midae of close similarity between the New Zealand and southern South American
faunas, as they are known at present, although there is resemblance shown by a
species of Anatopynia (see below).

All the other species belong to well-known genera with world-wide distribution,
many including abundant species in other Regions. These genera are Pentaneura,
Anatopynia, Podonomus, Metriocnemus, Cricotopus, Trichocladius, Chaetocladius,
Orthocladius, Smittia, Chironomus, Polypedilum and Tanytarsus. An interesting
feature, probably associated with the isolated position of New Zealand is the paucity
of species, but further collecting is certain to increase the length of the list con-
siderably.

Of these genera, the only ones with more than four species are Anatopynia (ten
species) and Polypedilum (seven species). Anatopynia, although of world-wide
distribution is a genus that seems to be especially associated with the cooler water
found in the more temperate latitudes and in mountainous areas. There are
similarly about ten species known from Patagonia and South Chile, one of which,
A. apicina Edwards, is extremely similar to the New Zealand species A. apicinella
sp.n. Apart from this one species, the remainder seem to resemble the Palaearctic
species as much as they resemble those from Patagonia. The resemblance is
heightened by the presence of two species of Edwards’ Group C (see below), a group
previously known only from the Holarctic Region and absent from Patagonia. _ The
species of Polypedilum are fairly heterogeneous. Whilst some, such as P. pavidus
are quite typical of the genus, P. opimus although certainly belonging to Polypedilum
has a somewhat unusual wing venation and trichiation. Polypedilum is probably

398 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

more typical of the warmer latitudes ; only two species were found by Edwards in
southern South America and they show no particular resemblance to the New
Zealand species. One New Zealand species, P. longicrus, is of interest because it
has previously been recorded only from Africa south of the Sahara and may possibly
have been introduced to New Zealand.

Of the remaining species, some (e.g. Podonomus ohakunensis, Metriocnemus lobifer
and Cricotopus zealandicus) are most closely allied to Palaearctic species, whilst
Trichocladius pluriserialis is closest to an African species. Orthocladius pictipennis
is unusual in possessing patterned wings but does not seem to be at all closely allied
to any of the Patagonian Orthocladiinae similarly adorned.

In conclusion it may be said that the Chironomid fauna of New Zealand, as known
at present, includes scattered species mostly from the larger genera of the family ;
there are also four genera known only from New Zealand. The genera present and
the number of species from each subfamily agree with the normal fauna of a temperate
region. The relationships of the species are varied, probably the greater number of
species show similarities to Palaearctic species, but Anatopynia apicinella, Diplo-
cladius lacuniferus and Riethia zeylandica show distinct Patagonian affinities. None
of the peculiar New Zealand genera has yet been found in Patagonia, nor has the
Patagonian genus Rhinocladius been found to occur in New Zealand.

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF CHIRONOMIDAE

1. True base of M;,, present (m-cu of authors) ; : ‘ _ : ; ‘ 2
Base of M,,, absent ; 4

2. Postnotum lacking median farrow ; ee completely absent, although radial veins
well separated : ; . : : PODONOMINAE
This furrow and R,,, present, or else radial : veins very close ‘ . 3

3. Rais forked (in some small species of Pentaneura it may be crowded out, but then
wings very hairy) . ; ; : ‘ ; ; TANYPODINAE
R,,3 simple and distinct, wings usually bare ; ‘ : : ; DIAMESINAE

4. Ratio of anterior basitarsus to tibia (‘‘ leg ratio’ or ‘‘ L.R.”’) less than 1; anterior

tibia with spur, tibial combs not composed of short, basally-fused spinules; male
styles folded inwards. : ‘ j ; ‘ d ‘ : ; ‘ 5

L.R. nearly always more than 1; front tibial spur reduced except in Riethia and

Pseudochironomus ; tibial combs composed of short, basally fused spinules ; male

styles always directed rigidly backwards. ‘ : ‘ . CHIRONOMINAE

5. R,,; completely fused with the thickened costa to form. a “‘clavus ’’ and with a false
vein running close to anterior margin on outer half of wing é CORYNONEURINAE
Wing veins not like this . . ; ; ; : : . : ; : 6

6. Pronotum scarcely divided; anepisternum with a well-formed horizontal suture ;
male antennae normally plumose . ; ‘ ‘ ‘ F . ORTHOCLADIINAE

Pronotal lobes widely separated ; anepisternal suture obsolete; male antenna not
plumose i ; . : ; ; é ; ; F : CLUNIONINAE

SUBFAMILY TANYPODINAE

Base of M3,, present (m-cu of Edwards and other authors), vein R, present as a
fork at the end of R,,;, though occasionally in some small species of Pentaneura
the whole of vein Rg,,; may be crowded out by the close approximation of R, and

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 399

R,,5- Male antenna with 15 segments, the fifteenth being formed at the apex of
the elongated fourteenth ; female antenna with 11-15 segments. Male hypopygium
with styles folding inwards and each carrying a distinct spine at the apex or near
it, coxites usually lacking inner lobes or appendages.

Anatopynia is the dominant genus of the subfamily in the New Zealand fauna,
eight species being known tome. Apart from this genus, the only other representa-
tives of the group so far known are two species of Pentaneura.

Key to NEw ZEALAND GENERA OF TANYPODINAE

Female antenna with 11-13 segments, costa not produced. j Pentaneura Philippi
Female antenna with 15 segments, costa distinctly produced beyond apex of Ry+5
Anatopynia Johannsen

Genus PENTANEURA Philippi

Pentaneura Phillipi, 1865, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 15: 629; Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc.
Lond. 77: 287; Johannsen, 1946, Journ. New York ent. Soc. 54: 267-289; Freeman, 1955,
Bull. Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist.) (Entom.) 4: 20.

Isoplastus Skuse, 1889, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2) 4: 279 (nec Isoplastus Horn, 1880,
Trans. Amer. ent. Soc. 8 : 277—Coleoptera).

Ablabesmyia Johannsen, 1905, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 86 : 135.

Tanypus (Meigen) Hutton, 1901, Trans. New Zealand Inst. 34 : 186 (in part).

Wings densely hairy and often with a pattern of dark macrotrichia with or without
staining on the membrane ; costa not produced, R, normally present, base of Ms,,
placed immediately beyond the posterior fork. Antenna of female with 11-13
segments. Pronotum more reduced than in other genera of the subfamily. No
tarsal spurs, pulvilli usually absent.

In my study of the African species (1955) I recognized two subgenera, Pentaneura
and Ablabesmyia. Fittkau (1957, Arch. Hydrobiol. 53 : 313-322) does not seem to
accept this division but he has erected two distinct genera for the species groups of
my subgenus Pentaneura that show hypopygial differences between the species. He
has named these two genera Thienemannimyia and Conchapelopia. The main
differences between the genera recognized by him appear to be in the male hypo-
pygium but he gives as additional characters the spur shape which is very difficult
to see and appreciate and the presence in Conchapelopia of tiny mesonotal pro-
tuberances. However, this latter character is also present in some species of
Pentaneura sensu stricto such as P. (P.) rutshurmensis Goetghebuer and teesdale:
Freeman (both from Africa south of the Sahara), a fact which tends to invalidate
the definition. I still prefer to adhere to the classification which I adopted in 1955.

Key To NEw ZEALAND SUBGENERA AND SPECIES OF Pentaneura

Tibiae without black rings, wings unmarked in the single New Zealand species, pre-
scutellar area not well marked, acrostichal bristles running right across it
Pentaneura s. sty. only one species—harrisi sp. n.
Tibiae with three well-defined black rings, wings with pattern of patches of dark
macrotrichia, prescutellar area sharply defined, more or less circular and with
acrostichal bristles diverging around it
Ablabesmyia Johannsen, only one species—malus Hutton

400 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)
Pentaneura (Pentaneura) harrisi sp. n.

Yellowish, mesonotal stripes brownish and separate, abdominal segments with
brown bands in the basal halves, wings and legs unmarked. This species is closely
allied to the European species brevitibialis Goetghebuer but it differs slightly in
colour and I have preferred to treat it as separate.

Male. Wing length 2 mm.

Head and mouthparts brownish, antennal pedicel dark brown, A.R. 1-2. Thorax
with yellowish, pruinose background, mesonotal stripes pale brown, central pair
clearly separated longitudinally, bristles brown, postnotum and sternopleuron brown.
Legs yellowish and unmarked, anterior tarsi without beard, pulvilli absent, L.R. 0°8,
middle leg ratio practically 1. Wangs evenly and densely clothed with macrotrichia,
R,,3 just visible, R,,; ending beyond tip of M;,,, anal angle rounded, halteres
yellow. Abdomen yellowish, segments 2—5 with brown bands in basal halves but
not placed at the bases, segments 6-9 brown. Hypopygium with straight and
simple styles.

Female similar to male, but thorax and abdomen less clearly marked in some
specimens.

Holotype male, WELLINGTON : Ohakune, xii. 1922-i1.1923 (7. R. Harris) ; further
material, Ohakune, 4 9, x—xi.1922 and x—xi.1923 (7. R. Harris), holotype and
others all in the British Museum. CANTERBURY: Hilltop, 1 g, I 9, i.1925 (A.
Tonnoir) in the Canterbury Museum.

Pentaneura (Ablabesmyia) malus Hutton

Tanypus malus Hutton, 1902, Trans. New Zealand Inst. 34 : 187.

Dark brown, abdomen of male whitish on basal half, legs pale with dark rings on
tibiae and tarsal segments and at apex of femur, wings mottled. Very similar to
the Palaearctic species P. monilis Linn. from which it differs in the rather more
numerous and smaller wing spots.

Male. Wing length 3 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. 1°5. Thorax dark brown with
pruinose mottling. Legs yellow, femora darker basally and with an apical black
band, tibiae with black bands at the base, centre and apex, all tarsal segments dark
at apices, basitarsus with additional central band, L.R. 0-75. Wangs with blackish
spots at apices of R,, Ry,3, Ry 5, on r-m cross-vein, in extreme base of posterior
fork and at apex of Cu,; cell R; with a large central grey spot and three smaller
ones in outer half, cell M, with two spots, two further grey spots at apex and centre
of vein M,,,, three spots in anal cell. Halteres yellow. Abdomen with segments
I—5 whitish and with indistinct dark markings at their bases ; remainder of abdomen
dark.

Female resembles male.

I have seen cotypes of this species both in the British Museum and from the
Canterbury Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. CANTERBURY: Christchurch, 6 g, 9 9, cotypes and I dg, 5 2,
ix—xli.1924 (A. Tonnoir). WESTLAND: Lake Moana, I g, xii.1925 (A. Tonnoir).

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 401

WELLINGTON: Ohakune, 1 9 (T. R. Harris). AUCKLAND: Paiaka, 3 9 (R. A.
Cumber).
Genus ANATOPYNIA Johannsen

Anatopynia Johannsen, 1905, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 86 : 135; Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc.
Lond. 77: 297; Edwards, 1931, Dipt. Pat. S. Chile. London, 2: 239; Freeman, 1955, Bull.
Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist.) Entom. 4: 44.

Wing membrane clothed with macrotrichia; costa strongly produced; R,,5
present and distinct ; basal section of M;,, present and posterior fork just basal to
this as in Pentaneura ; antennae of female 15-segmented ; pulvilli present or absent.

Anatopynia was first redefined and used in this sense by Edwards (1929). He
divided it into three species groups :

Group A (Anatopynia s. str.). Wings hairy at tips only, wing markings and
pulvilli absent.

Group B (Macropelopia Thienemann). Wings densely hairy and normally with at
least a central dark spot, pulvilli absent.

Group C (Psectrotanypus Kieffer). Wings densely hairy, markings forming bands
rather than spots, pulvilli present.

Of the ten New Zealand species that I am recognizing, all except two fall into
Group B; these two, A. guadricincta and cana fall into Group C, whilst Group A is
not represented. Species of all groups are known from the Palaearctic Region ;
Group B has been recorded from the Nearctic Region and there is a specimen of a
species of Group C from Texas in the British Museum, so that both Groups B and C
are known from the Holarctic Region. Only two other parts of the world have
been treated fully in respect of this genus, namely South Chile and Argentina and
Africa south of the Sahara. In the former there are ten species of Group B known
(Edwards, 1931), whilst in Africa there are two typical species of Group B, one from
the Cape and the other from Ruanda Urundi and Uganda, and two less typical, one
having a wide distribution (Freeman, 1955). In addition there are undescribed
species of Group B in the British Museum from Tibet, Kashmir, Punjab, W.
Himalayas, Assam and Queensland.

Taking the ten New Zealand species into account, it seems that the genus is to be
found with its greatest development in the cooler and more temperate parts of the
world and that where species are found in tropical or subtropical regions they are
often associated with mountainous districts.

The New Zealand species described here show a general resemblance to the
Palaearctic species which is accentuated by the presence of two species belonging to
Group C, a group which has not previously been recorded outside the Holarctic
Region. There is also a resemblance to the South Chilean and Argentinian species
shown particularly by A. apicinella which is very similar to A. apicina from Chile

and Argentina.
Kry To NEw ZEALAND SPECIES OF Anatopynia

1. Dark markings when present on femora, confined to apex or subapical ring, pulvilli

absent . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ : : ; ‘ ; g :
Femora with a central as well as one or two subapical dark rings, small pulvilli present 9

ENTOM. 7. 9. 22§

402 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

2. Wings with a discrete dark spot on centre of stem of pce as fork (Pl. XI, fig. a); a dark

species, wings heavily marbled, postnotum bare ; ‘ antarctica Hudson

Wings without this dark spot, postnotum with a group of six ‘to ten hairs ; . 3

3. Tarsal segments lacking dark tips , . , : : ‘ flavipes sp. n.

Tarsal segments dark at tips : 4

4. Wings with well-formed pale spots in apices ‘of cells M, and M, (PL. XI, figs. b-d) : 5
Wings without distinct pale spots here, often daitocenty Wlondba: or more or less clear,

or with discrete dark spots at apices of veins (Pl. XI, figs. e, fand Text-fig.1,a) . 7

5. Dark markings on abdomen at apex of segments . : . apicincta sp. n.

Dark markings either basally or centrally placed on segments ;
6. M,,, with an elongate dark cloud along most of its length (Pl. XI, fig. d), anal cell with
a single large rectangular dark patch ' . debilis Hutton
This vein only dark at the tip, anal cell with two separate spots (PL. XI. fig. c)
languidus Hutton
7. Wing with five distinct dark spots as in Text-fig. 1,a . . gquinquepunctata sp. n.
Wing without distinct dark spots at apices of veins M,,, and ‘Cu, : ; , : 8
8. Wing apex with a broad cloud which contains a dark spot near the middle of cell R,,
abdominal pattern formed of a row of three spots on each segment. umbrosa sp. n.
Wing apex less distinctly clouded, no darker spot in cell R,;, abdominal pattern formed
of a basal or sub-basal band on each segment, usually absent from segments 1 and 2
apicinella sp. n.
g. Mesonotum pruinose between the stripes, anal cell with a pale area within the dark at
the tip (Pl. XI, fig. f), wing pattern darker; femur dark at base and with two sub-
apical rings . ; : . quadricincta sp. n.
Mesonotum with whitish pruinosity all over, . anal cell dark at the apex and without
included pale area, wing pattern paler ; femur pale at base and with only one sub-
apical ring . : ‘ ; : P ; ; é . ‘ . cana sp. n.

Anatopynia antarctica Hudson

Corethva antarctica Hudson, 1892, Manual of New Zealand Entomology. London, p. 43.
Macropelopia hudsoni Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon. 58 : 148 (syn. nov.).

A dark species with evenly mottled wings, differing from other species by the
presence of a small dark patch on stem of M, legs with knees darkened but without
central ring, male abdomen with broad dark ring at apex of each segment and another,
usually paler one basally.

Male. Wing length 3-3-3°5 mm.

Head dark grey, A.R. 1-8. Thorax mainly of a dark grey colour and pruinose,
but three stripes can be distinguished ; shoulders and lines separating stripes brown
or even paler, scutellum brown, postnotum bare. Legs yellowish with a broad brown
band at apex of femur, hairs and bristles dark ; base of tibiae rather dark, apices of
tibiae and tarsal segments brown; pulvilli absent, L.R. about 0-7. Wangs (Pl. XI,
fig. a) evenly mottled and with a dark band around most of wing tip and a dark spot
in the middle of the stem of M; halteres yellow. Abdomen yellowish with a broad
dark band at apex of each segment and another paler one basally, segments usually
obscurely darkened along centre line as well.

Female very similar to male, abdomen less distinctly marked, wings more strongly
marked.

The type of Corethra antarctica is in the Dominion Museum, Wellington and has
been compared with specimens from the British Museum on my behalf by both

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 403

Dr. R. G. Ordish and Dr. Dell; type locality ‘‘ New Zealand’’. I have seen the
type female of Macropelopia hudsoni which is in the Deutsches Entomologisches
Institut, Berlin ; type locality, Wellington.

DISTRIBUTION. AUCKLAND: Mount Albert, 2 g, 4 9, xil.1916 (A. E. Brookes) ;
Tamaki, 2 9, viii.1917 (A. E. Brookes) ; Titirangi, 1 3, 2 9, xii. 1915 (A. E. Brookes) ;
Pokapu, I 4, i.1919 (J. Muggeridge); Paiaka, 9 2, xi-xii.1949 (R. A. Cumber).
WELLINGTON: Ohakune, 1 g, 10 2 (T. R. Harris) and 1 g, ii.1925 (A. Tonnorr).
WESTLAND : no locality, 3 9, ii.1923 (T. R. Harris), CANTERBURY: Governor's
Bay, I 9, xi.1922 (J. F. Tapley) ; Christchurch, 1 g, 2 9, xi-xii.1924 (A. Tonnozr) ;
Cass, 3 d, I Q, ii. 1925 (A. Tonnoir) ; Kennedy’s Bush, 1 9, I 9, 1.1925 (A. Tonnoir) ;
Hilltop, 1 9, i.1925 (A. Tonnoir) ; S. Canterbury, 1 3, 11 2, 1.1923 (7. R. Harms).
OTAGO: Queenstown, I 9, iii.1924 (L. Curtis).

Anatopynia apicincta sp. n.

Thorax yellow with reddish stripes, abdomen yellow, segments with broad dark
bands at apices ; outer half of wing covered with dark macrotrichia with oval areas
of pale ones, wing yellowish basal to cross-vein ; femora dark at tips only. Easily
separated from other species by the abdominal and wing patterns.

Male. Wing length 3-3-3°5 mm.

Head yellow, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. 1-1°5. Thorax with yellow
background, stripes reddish, lateral ones with a dark spot posteriorly ; sternopleuron
and postnotum brown, scutellum with a brown spot, postnotum with a group of six
to ten hairs. Legs yellow; knees, apices of tibiae and of tarsal segments dark
brown; pulvilli absent, L.R. 0-7. Wings (Pl. XI, fig. 6) with dark macrotrichia distal
to cross-veins and in distal half of anal cell ; this area of dark macrotrichia including
pale areas as shown ; halteres yellow. Abdomen yellow, segments 2-8 each with a
broad dark band apically.

Female similar to male.

Holotype male and 15 J, 4 9, Oraco: Alexandra (C. C. Fenwick). Other
specimens : WELLINGTON: Ohakune, 1 4, 2 9 (7. R. Harris). WESTLAND: Otira,
12 (J. W. Campbell). CANTERBURY: White Rock, 1 2 (J. W. Campbell) ; Grey
Mount, 1 9 (J. W. Campbell) ; Cass, r gf, I Q, ii.1925 (A. Tonnoir) ; Akaroa, I 9,
xli.1924 (A. Tonnoir). OTAGO: Queenstown, 2 2 (C. C. Fenwick) ; Ben Lomond,
Ig, 19 (7. R. Harris). Specimens collected by A. Tonnoir are in the Canterbury
Museum, all others and holotype are in the British Museum.

Anatopynia languidus Hutton
Tanypus languidus Hutton, 1902, Trans. New Zealand Inst. 34 : 186.

Superficially not unlike apicincta but easily distinguished by the main dark
abdominal band being placed basally on each segment and by the more extensive
pale areas on the wings. It is quite similar to dedilis but the anal cell has two discrete
spots and there is a darkening only at base and apex of M,,, and not along the stem.

Male. Wing length 3:5 mm.

404 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

Head brownish, mouthparts and antennae darker, A.R. about 1:8. Thorax
yellowish, stripes reddish, postnotum and sternopleuron brown, postnotum with
group of six to ten hairs. Legs yellow ; knees, apices of tibiae and of tarsal segments
obscurely brown; pulvilli absent, L.R. about 0-7. Wungs pale and with dark
patches of macrotrichia as shown in Pl. XI, fig. c; anal cell with two separate spots,
vein M,,, dark only at the base and apex. Abdomen yellow, segments 2~7 with a
brown band basally, sometimes obscurely dark along the mid-line or with an extra
rounded spot each side in the apical half of each segment.

Female similar to male, wing markings more intense as usual.

I have seen cotypes both in the British Museum and from the Canterbury Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. AUCKLAND: Paiaka, 1 Q (R. A. Cumber). WELLINGTON:
Ohakune, 8 3g, 5 2 (T. R. Harris). WESTLAND: Lake Moana, 3 3, 4 9, xii.1925
(A. Tonnoir). CANTERBURY: Christchurch, I g, 4 9, cotypes; Cass, 3 4, ii.1925
(A. Tonnotr). OTAGO: Queenstown, I ¢ (L. Curtis); Alexandra, 4 g, 2 2 (C. C.
Fenwick).

Anatopynia debilis Hutton

Tanypus debilis Hutton, 1902, Trans. New Zealand Inst. 34 : 186.
Macropelopia novae-zelandiae Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon. 58 : 147 (syn. nov.).

Superficially this species is very similar to Janguidus but it differs in the wing
markings and in the pruinose thorax which is paler and which tends to have a
cross-banded appearance. I have seen the holotype of novae-zelandiae and can
confirm the synonymy.

Male. Wing length 3-5 mm.

Head and antennae yellowish, mouthparts brown, A.R. about 1-6. Thorax with
yellowish white pruinose background; stripes reddish yellow, postnotum and
sternopleuron browner; median mesonotal stripe darker posteriorly and lateral
stripes darker anteriorly giving thorax a cross-banded appearance ; all thoracic
hairs pale, postnotum with a group of six to ten hairs. Legs yellowish white,
darkened narrowly immediately above and below the knees and at apices of tibiae
and of tarsal segments, pulvilli absent, L.R. 0-7. Wings (Pl. XI, fig. d) with more
extensive dark haired areas than languidus, anal cell with one large dark spot which
leaves base and apex clear, M,,, dark for most of its length. Abdomen yellow,
segments 2-6 each with an obscure brown band at about the centre, each band
darker centrally and laterally.

Female resembles male, abdominal markings virtually absent.

I have seen cotypes of debilis from the Canterbury Museum (type locality, Christ-
church) and the holotype of novae-zelandiae which is in the Deutsches Entomolo-
gisches Institut, Berlin (type locality ‘‘ New Zealand ’’).

DISTRIBUTION. AUCKLAND: Waitomo Caves, 1 2 (C. L. Edwards). WELLING-
TON: Ohakune, 5 ¢, 7 2 (7. R. Harris). WESTLAND: Lake Moana, I g, xii.1925
(A. Tonnoir). CANTERBURY: White Rock, 3 ¢ (J. W. Campbell) ; Christchurch,
I g, 2 Qcotypes of debilis, 1 3 (J. W. Campbell) and 2 3, I 9, ix-x.1924 (A. Tonnoir) ;
Dean’s Bush, 2 g, x.1924 (A. Tonnoir).

—_—

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 405

Anatopynia quinquepunctata sp. n.

A rather small species, readily recognized by the wing pattern of five dark spots,
one being in anal cell and two others at apices of M,,, and Cuy.

Male. Wing length 2-5 mm.

Head yellowish, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. about 1. Thorax reddish
brown and shining, shoulders and anterior parts of pleura yellow ; postnotum with
group of hairs at apex. Legs yellow, knees rather broadly dark, apices of tibiae
and of tarsal segments brown, pulvilli absent, L.R. about 0-6. Wangs (Text-fig. 1, a
of female) with five dark spots formed of dark macrotrichia on slightly stained
patches, a single one in anal cell and rounded ones at apices of M,,, and Cu,, extreme
apex of wing pale. Abdomen yellow, segments 3-5 with narrow sub-basal dark
bands, 6-7 more generally darkened.

Female similar to male in general but wings more distinctly patterned and abdomen
more uniformly banded.

Holotype male and 2 9, CANTERBURY: Cass, xi.1924 (A. Tonnoir) ; holotype
returned to the Canterbury Museum, one female in the British Museum.

Anatopynia flavipes sp. n.

A small brownish species, thorax pruinose, tarsal segments not dark at apices,
wing pattern fainter than in some other species, pale areas tending to form three
cross-bands.

Male. Wing length 2 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae pale brown, A.R. about 1-4. Thorax fairly
uniformly brown, mesonotum pruinose, postnotum with a group of hairs at apex.
Legs yellow, tibiae slightly darker at tips, tarsi undarkened even at tips of segments,
pulvilli absent, L.R. 0-7. Wings (Text-fig. 1, 6 of female) greyish white with pale

Fic. 1. Anatopynia and Podonomus. (a) Wing of A. quinquepunctata ;
(5) wing of A. flavipes ; (c) hypopygium of P. ohakunensis.

406 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

areas as shown, the effect being of three pale cross-bands ; halteres pale. Abdomen
brown, not distinctly banded.

Female similar to male, wing markings a little more distinct.

Holotype male and 1 9, WEsTLAND: Lake Moana, xii.1925 (A. Tonnoir) ;
holotype returned to the Canterbury Museum.

Anatopynia apicinella sp. n.

Mesonotum reddish, femora practically unmarked, wings with a more or less
distinct median dark transverse band and sometimes a slightly darkened apex ;
abdomen of male pale and with dark central or basal bands on segments 3-7 or 2-7.
At first glance this species might be placed in Pentaneura, but the produced costa
and 15-segmented female antennae show that Anatopynia is the correct genus. It
is very similar to A. apicina Edwards from South Chile and Argentina but it differs
in the more basal placing of the dark bands on the abdominal segments, by the pale
knees and feebler wing markings. It is also not unlike A. nugax Walker from the
Palaearctic Region.

Male. Wing length 3-3:5 mm.

Head, antennae and mouthparts yellowish, A.R. 1-5. Thorax with shining reddish
scutum ; postnotum and sternopleuron brown, postnotum with group of six to
eight hairs. Legs yellow, knees practically unmarked, apices of tibiae and of tarsal
segments darkened ; pulvilli absent, L.R. 0-6. Wangs with cross-veins darkened
and with a median band of dark macrotrichia mainly distal to cross-veins but
extended in anal cell, apical quarter of wing may also be vaguely darkened ; wing
markings variable in intensity, often very faint; halteres yellow. Abdomen
yellowish white, segments 1 and 2 usually plain, 3-5 with a dark band in basal half,
6~7 brown, but segment 2 may possess a dark band in some specimens and there
may be a faint central darkening along most of abdomen.

Female with thorax, leg and wing pattern similar to male, abdomen more or less
unmarked, reddish.

Holotype male and 29 g, 21 2, WELLINGTON: Ohakune (7. R. Harris) all in the
British Museum. Further specimens in the Canterbury Museum: WESTLAND:
Lake Moana, 2 g, 2 9, xii.1925 (A. Tonnoir). CANTERBURY: Cass, 2 g, I 9,
X1.1924-11.1925 (A. Tonnoir).

Anatopynia umbrosa sp. n.

Mesonotum whitish yellow with reddish brown stripes ; legs usually darkened at
the knees ; wings with a central and apical band much as in apicinella though much
more pronounced, especially in the female, differing by the presence of a patch of
black hair in the centre of cell R,; ; abdominal pattern formed of transverse row of
dark spots on each segment ; female very bulky and the whole insect is much larger
than apicinella.

Male. Wing length 4:5 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennal pedicel brown, flagellum missing. Thorax with

a i —

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 407

whitish yellow background, mesonotal stripes reddish brown with browner markings
especially centrally and posteriorly, sternopleuron and postnotum dark brown, the
latter with hair patch. Legs yellowish brown and with a brown ring above and
below each knee, apices of the tibiae and of tarsal segments brown, pulvilli absent,
L.R. 0-6. Wings much less well marked than in the female (Pl. XI, fig. e), cross-veins
brown clouded, apex faintly clouded and with indications of dark hair patches one
below apex of R, in cell R, and one in anal cell; halteres yellow. Abdomen
yellow, segments 2~7 each with a transverse row of three spots placed at the middle
of the segment ; the central spots are blacker, nearly circular and carry tufts of
black hair ; the lateral spots are brown, oval, without conspicuous hair tufts and
reach to the lateral margins ; segment 8 and hypopygium brown.

Female resembles male in colour of head, thorax, legs and abdomen, although
abdominal spots less conspicuous ; wings much more strongly marked, as in the
figure. Cross-veins with a strong brown stain, widening anteriorly and extending
along costa as a yellow stain, also widening but much fainter in anal cell where it
includes a dark hair patch. Apical third of wing also brown stained and including
a dark hair patch in the centre of cell R; and another in cell M,; wing also stained
at the base.

Holotype female and another female, WELLINGTON: Ohakune (7. R. Harris).
OTaGo: Queenstown, 2 9 (L. Curtis) ; Paradise, 1 9 (C. C. Fenwick). CANTERBURY :
Upper Hororata, I 9, i.1922 (G. Avchey). The last specimen is in the Canterbury
Museum, holotype and remainder in the British Museum.

Anatopynia quadricincta sp. n.

Mesonotum yellowish with reddish stripes, pruinose only between the stripes,
patch of hair above wing base black, as usual ; femora with basal, central and two
subapical dark bands ; wings with heavy pattern, more or less as two bands, apex
of anal cell with clear area, wing apex with row of four dark-haired areas more or
less set in pale areas, pale area basal to r-m cross-vein comparatively small ; abdomen
with pattern of transverse rows of three spots, central one with tufts of black hairs.

This species and the next one differ from the other New Zealand species by the
presence of an extra dark band on the femora and the possession of small pulvilli ;
the wing pattern also tends to be more in the form of bands. They resemble
umbrosa in the arrangement of the dark spots on the abdomen, but are obviously
more allied to the European species varia Fabricius and trifascipennis Zetterstedt.
The two species are easily separated by the thoracic pruinosity and details of leg
and wing pattern, as well as by the darker colour of guadricincta.

Male. Wing length 3:5-4:5 mm.

Head yellowish brown, mouthparts and antennae darker, A.R. 1-6. Thorax
yellow, stripes reddish, darker posteriorly, mesonotum pruinose between the stripes
and in prescutellar area, sternopleuron and postnotum dark brown, the latter with
hair patch ; hair patch immediately anterior to wing base black. Legs yellowish,
femora with basal, central and two subapical brown bands, tibiae with sub-basal
and apical brown bands, apices of tarsal segments brown; L.R. 1-6, small pulvilli

408 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

present. Wings (Pl. XI, fig. f of female) with two main dark bands and an apical
dark area; the diagnostic features are the more or less ocellated spots in the outer
half of the wing, the presence of a pale area at the apex of the anal cell in addition
to the one just basal to this and the small size of the pale spot immediately basal
to r-m. MHalteres yellow. Abdomen yellow, segments 2~7 each with a transverse
row of spots, the central ones blacker and with tufts of black hair, lateral ones brown
and oval.

Female very similar to male.

Holotype male and 6 3g, 18 2, WELLINGTON: Ohakune (7. R. Harris). Aucx-
LAND: Hunua Ranges, 1 ¢ (A. E. Brookes). WESTLAND: Lake Moana, xii.1925
(A. Tonnoir). CANTERBURY: Christchurch, R. Purau, 1 J, 1 2 (J. W. Campbell) ;
Christchurch, 1 9, xli.1924 (A. Tonnoir). Specimens collected by Tonnoir are in
the Canterbury Museum, holotype and remainder are in the British Museum.

Anatopynia cana sp. n.

Resembles quadricincta but paler, mesonotum with whitish pruinosity all over,
hair patch anterior to wing base pale ; femora with only central and single subapical
brown bands ; wing without the second pale area at the apex of the anal cell and
apical markings more indefinite.

Male. Wing length 3:5 mm.

Head yellow and pruinose, antennae brown, A.R. about 1-8. Thorax pale reddish
yellow, pro- and mesothorax covered with whitish pruinosity, mesonotal stripes
visible because of changing appearance of pruinosity with changes in light direction ;
hair patch anterior to wing base pale; postnotum and sternopleuron reddish and
less pruinose, postnotum with hair patch. Legs yellowish white, femora pale at base
but with central and single subapical brown rings, tibiae with brown sub-basal ring,
apices of tibial and tarsal segments brown; L.R. 1-6, small pulvilli present. Wings
not unlike guadricincta in pattern, but apex much paler and lacking any definite
spots, apex of anal cell dark, pale spot basal to cross-vein larger. Halteres yellow.
Abdomen whitish and with basic pattern similar to qguadricincta but with spots all
brown and much less distinct.

Female similar to male, abdominal spots rather darker.

Holotype male and 2 g, 5 9, WELLINGTON: Ohakune (7. R. Harris), all in the
British Museum.

SUBFAMILY PODONOMINAE

The Podonominae differ from the Tanypodinae because (1) although the base of
Mz,4 1s present, R,,, is completely absent even though the two radial veins are well
separated ; (2) the postnotum is short and rounded and has no trace of a median
furrow ; and (3) at rest the wings are superposed over the back as in the Ceratopo-
gonidae. The subfamily is represented in the material available to me by a single
species of Podonomus allied to, and possibly a form of, P. kieffert Garrett (peregrinus
Edwards).

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 409

Genus PODONOMUS Philippi

Podonomus Philippi, 1865, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 15: 691; Edwards, 1931, Dipt. Pat. S.
Chile. London, 2: 252; Edwards, 1937, Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 35: 100; Wirth, 1952, Rev.
Chil. Ent. 2 : 93.

The following definition is taken from Edwards (1931): eyes reniform, antennae
of male more or less plumose, with 15 segments, penultimate segment longer than
last ; antennae of female with 10-14 segments. Pronotum reduced and not visible
from above, postnotum small and rounded and lacking furrow. Wings with R,
simple in male but swollen apically in female, costa produced, true base of M3,4 a
little beyond posterior fork, squama with long fringe.

Podonomus ohakunensis sp. n.

Uniformly brown, A.R. 0-75, female antennae with 12 segments, mesonotum with
long yellow hairs on anterior part, wings densely hairy, male hypopygium with
forked styles, the two branches more or less equal. This species is extremely
similar to P. kieffert Garrett, from which it may be distinguished by the two branches
of the male styles being practically equal. It may prove to be the New Zealand
form of this widespread species.

Male. Wing length 2 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae dark brown, eyes bare, A.R. 0°75. Thorax
dark brown, slightly pruinose and with long yellow hair on the anterior part especially
on the shoulders, dorso-central bristles irregularly triserial. Legs brown, L.R. 0:6,
pulvilli absent, fourth tarsal segment shorter than the fifth, no tarsal segments
swollen, spurs of middle tibiae as in Aveffert, i.e. rather short and thin and not very
unequal. Wings densely hairy, similar to kieffert, halteres brown. Abdomen dark
brown with long yellow hair ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 1, c) with the two branches of
the styles subequal and both rounded at the apex (in kieffert one is longer and more
or less pointed).

Female similar to male in general colour, structure and hairiness, wings with R,
swollen, antennae with 12 segments.

Holotype male and 46 9, WELLINGTON: Ohakune, v—vii.1923 also 1 g, 2 9,
x-xi.1922 (7. R. Harris), WESTLAND: Lake Moana, 2 4, 2 @, xii.1925 (A.
Tonnotr). CANTERBURY: Governor’s Bay, I 9, viii.1923 (J. F. Tapley). OTAGo:
Queenstown, I 4, ix.1923 (L. Curtis). Specimens collected by Tonnoir are in the
Canterbury Museum, remainder and holotype are in the British Museum.

SUBFAMILY DIAMESINAE

The Diamesinae occupy a position intermediate between the Tanypodinae and
Orthocladiinae and may be defined as follows :

Male antennae usually with 13-14 segments, occasionally reduced to as few as six,
there are traces of a fifteenth segment in Protanypus. Female antennae with six to
eight segments except in Protanypus where there are 14. Pronotum well developed.
Base of M;,, present, R,,, present and distinct and ending in costa well beyond R,

ENTOM. 7. 9. 228§

410 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

to which it is not connected, R, absent. Male hypopygium with infolded styles,
coxite often with inner lobes.

Two genera of this subfamily, each with a single included species, are known
from New Zealand. Neither genus is recorded from elsewhere and both are quite
distinct. There are representatives of both in the British Museum and of one in
the Canterbury Museum.

Key To NEw ZEALAND GENERA AND SPECIES OF DIAMESINAE

Wing length 2-2-5 mm., pronotum with forwardly projecting lobes, mesonotum
densely clothed with short erect hairs except on the stripes, the pits of these hairs
giving a rugose appearance to the surface ; ; Lobodiamesa campbelli Pagast

Wing length 3-5-4 mm., pronotum large as usual but without forwardly projecting
lobes, mesonotum with only the usual three rows of hairs, surface not rugose

Maoridiamesa harrisi Pagast

Genus LOBODIAMESA Pagast
Lobodiamesa Pagast, 1947, Arch. Hydrobiol. 41 : 446.

Eyes reniform and pubescent, female antenna with six segments; each half of
pronotum with a flat, more or less rectangular, forwardly projecting lobe at the
inner edge. Mesonotum densely clothed, except on the stripes, with short erect
hairs arising from large pits, which practically touch and give a rugose appearance
to the shoulders, prescutellar area, a broad area of the lateral margin and a broad
band about five pits wide between lateral and central stripes. Fourth tarsal segment
strongly heart-shaped, hardly longer than wide. Wings with neither macrotrichia
nor distinguishable microtrichia on the membrane ; .costa produced, R,,, running
rather close to R,,;, r-m more or less transverse, base of M;,, basal to posterior fork.

This is a distinctive and easily recognized genus because of the hairy eyes, pronotal
lobes, rugose mesonotum and strongly heart-shaped fourth tarsal segment. Only
one species is known which is automatically the type species.

Lobodiamesa campbelli Pagast
Lobodiamesa campbelli Pagast, 1947, Arch. Hydrobiol. 41: 446.

The type series was never returned by Pagast to the British Museum and was
apparently destroyed during the Second World War. Fortunately not the entire
series had been sent to him and four females remain in the Museum, though these
of course are not type material.

It is a small species, wing length 2-2-5 mm., antennae and prothoracic lobes pale
in the female, thorax dark brown, stripes blackish, abdomen in female more or less
green, sometimes browner dorsally, in male blackish; legs brown, femora paler.
The male hypopygium is figured by Pagast.

Type locality NELson: Blackball.

DISTRIBUTION. WELLINGTON: Ohakune, 4 2 (7. R. Harris) in the British
Museum.

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 411

Genus MAORIDIAMESA Pagast

Maoridiamesa Pagast, 1947, Arch. Hydrobiol. 41: 448.

Eyes rounded above, densely pubescent, female antenna with seven segments.
Pronotum large but normal ; mesonotum with the usual rows of hairs only. Fourth
tarsal segment of front leg subequal to fifth, bilobed at apex, on other legs shorter
than fifth and heart-shaped. Wing membrane with distinguishable microtrichia ;
costa produced, R,,, running mid-way between R, and R,,;, r-m long and curved,
base of M;,, basal to posterior fork.

In wing venation this genus is not unlike Prodiamesa, although r-m is longer, but
the rounded hairy eyes and heart-shaped fourth tarsal segment preclude its being
placed there. In these characters it is closer to Diamesa. The genus is only known
from New Zealand, where it is represented by a single species which automatically
becomes the type of the genus.

Maoridiamesa harrisi Pagast

Maoridiamesa harrisi Pagast, 1947, Arch. Hydrobiol. 41 : 448.

This is a larger species than Lobodiamesa campbelli, with wing length 3-5-4 mm.
The male is dark, almost blackish but brown on the shoulders and scutellum ; the
female thorax is yellowish brown with separate brown stripes. The male hypo-
pygium is figured by Pagast.

As with Lobodiamesa the type series was not returned to the British Museum and
was probably destroyed during the Second World War. However, 1 g and 7 2
taken at the type locality of WELLINGTON: Ohakune (T. R. Harris) were retained
in the Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. Besides British Museum material from the type locality, there
are specimens as follows in the Canterbury Museum: CANTERBURY: Cass, I 9,
xil.1924 (A. Tonnoir) ; Hilltop, r g, 1 9, 1.1925 (A. Tonnoir).

SUBFAMILY ORTHOCLADIINAE

True base of Mg3,, (m-cu of authors) absent, R,,; never connected to R, by a
cross-vein, R,,,; not fused with costa to form a clavus. Eyes typically reniform,
seldom with dorsal narrow portion ; male antenna with 14 segments, of female with
five to seven. Postnotal furrow distinct, anepisternal suture well developed ;
anterior tibia always with a distinct spur, anterior basitarsus always shorter than
tibia. Hypopygium not inverted, styles movable and folded inwards in repose.

This subfamily is especially typical of cooler water habitats and is more abundant
in the temperate and colder parts of the world. It is not well represented in the
New Zealand material at my disposal and there may be considerably more New
Zealand species than I have seen. I am not able to describe all the species repre-
sented in the collections because several are only present as females and without a
figure or description of the male hypopygium and wing the species are not easily
recognized again.

I am using the classification given in my ‘“‘ Study of the African Chironomidae,

412 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

Part II”’ (1956, Bull. Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist.) Entom. 4 : 287-368). The key given
below gives the genera so far known from New Zealand and includes the genus
Limnophyes because, although I am not describing the species, I wish to place it on
record that there is a female of a species of that genus in the British Museum.

Key To NEW ZEALAND GENERA OF SUBFAMILY ORTHOCLADIINAE

1. Wing membrane bearing macrotrichia at least at apex . : ; Metriocnemus Wulp
Wing membrane without macrotrichia ? ‘ ; . ; ; ‘ ‘ 2
2. Eyes densely pubescent. : A ; : ; ; . , : ; 3
Eyes bare : ‘ 6

3. Dorso-central hairs minute and decumbent, tibiae often with white rings or r completely
white, male styles simple ‘ : ‘ > ‘ ; ; . Cricotopus Wulp

Dorso-central hairs erect and normal . :
4. Male styles more or less double, wings with dark ‘markings and with distinguishable
microtrichia . ; : : Diplocladius Kieffer
Male styles simple, wings ‘plain and without microtrichia when examined with a

1/6-in. objective é ‘ 5 , ; : : ; 5
5. Squama fringed ‘ 6 ‘ : ; ; ; ; ‘ Trichocladius Kieffer
Squama bare . ; . Smittia Holmgren (in part)

6. Wing membrane with microtrichia distinguishable under a 1/6-in. objective or lesser
magnification, membrane colourless by transmitted light
Wing membrane without distinguishable microtrichia, soe J at least slightly
brownish by transmitted light
7. Cu, strongly bent near middle, posterior fork well beyond r-m, anal lobe reduced
Limnophyes Eaton
Cu, not strongly bent, often almost igs posterior fork only slightly beyond or

below r-m; anal lobe present - ; f é . Chaetocladius Kieffer
8. Squama fringed . : ° : . > : . ‘ Orthocladius Wulp
Squama bare . ‘ . ‘ . ‘ ; . . Smittia Holmgren (in part)

Genus METRIOCNEMUS Wulp

Metriocnemus van der Wulp, 1874, Tijdschy. Ent. 17: 136; Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc.

Lond. 77 : 310, Freeman, 1956, Bull. Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist.) Entom. 4: 294.

Wings with macrotrichia on membrane at least at tip, cross-vein r-m rather short,
pulvilli absent, scutum not produced in front, male styles not bifid. There is a
single New Zealand species of this world-wide genus in the British Museum and a
female of another in the Canterbury Museum ; I am not able to describe the latter
until a male is available.

Metriocnemus lobifer sp. n.

A small brown species falling Group F of Edwards (1929) classification, not unlike
the Palaearctic species subnudus and brumalis Edwards, but easily distinguished by
the male hypopygium with its large coxite lobe and broader styles; A.R. 0°5, L.R.
0-8, costa produced, Cu bent, wings not densely hairy, squama bare, anal point
absent.

Male. Wing length 1-8 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, eyes bare, dorsal narrow portion absent,
A.R. 0:5. Thorax brown, dorso-central bristles more or less uniserial, pits yellowish.

oo” —

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 413

Legs yellowish brown, L.R. about 0-8, of posterior legs about 0-6. Wings with a
yellowish tinge, membrane with macrotrichia on apical half and in anal cell, squama
bare ; costa produced for half width of cell R;, R,,; ending rather distal to tip of
M,,.4, Cu strongly bent. Halteres with brown knobs. Abdomen brown; hypo-
pygium (Text-fig. 2, a) lacking anal point, coxites with large, free, inner lobe, styles
more or less rectangular.

Female similar to male ; wings sparsely hairy in basal half, antennal segments
3-5 with short necks, segment 6 one and a half times as long as 5.

Holotype male WELLINGTON: Ohakune, v—vii.1923 (7. R. Harris). OTAGO:
Leith Valley, Dunedin, 5 9, viii.1922 (G. Howes). Holotype and other specimens
all in the British Museum.

Genus CRICOTOPUS Wulp

Cricotopus van der Wulp, 1874, Tijdschr. Ent. 17: 132; Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond.

77: 317; Freeman, 195€, Bull. Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist.) Entom, 4 : 303.

Orthocladius Hutton, 1902, Trans. New Zealand Inst. 34 : 183 (in part).

Eyes densely pubescent ; humeral pits small, dorso-central hairs minute and
decumbent, the punctures from which they arise scarcely visible under a binocular
microscope ; abdomen often with yellow markings, hypopygium and female cerci
often white ; hypopygium lacking anal point ; tibiae, especially anterior pair, often
with a broad white ring ; wings without visible microtrichia ; squama fringed.

Kry To NEW ZEALAND SPECIES OF Cricotopus

Anterior and middle tibiae with white ring in basal half : ; zealandicus sp. n.
All tibiae uniformly brown . - : : ; : : cingulatus Hutton

Cricotopus zealandicus sp. n.

Scutum shining, stripes partially fused, shoulders yellow, legs with white bands
on at least front and middle tibiae, pulvilli absent, abdomen yellow on segment I
and parts of 2, 4 and 5 and hypopygium. This species is very similar to the
Palaearctic species trviannulatus Macquart but shows differences in leg colour and in
hypopygial structure.

Male. Wing length 2-3-2-5 mm.

Head yellowish brown, mouthparts and antennae blackish, A.R. about 1:2, eyes
densely pubescent. Thorax shining and with yellow background ; stripes black and
more or less fused but brown at points of fusion and in prescutellar area ; scutellum,
postnotum and sternopleuron black. Legs blackish or brown, anterior pair darker
than others, anterior and middle tibiae with a white ring in basal half, this ring is
sometimes present also on posterior tibia ; pulvilli absent, L.R. 0-8. Wings normal
for the genus. Abdomen black with yellow markings; segment I completely
yellow, 2 yellow on basal half, 3 black, 4 and 5 yellow on basal two-thirds, remainder
black except for hypopygium which is yellow. Hypopygium without anal point,
inner lobe of coxite not free but low and oval, styles of even width and with a
triangular point near the apical spine.

414 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

Female. Antennae with seven segments, thorax paler than in male, stripes
smaller, browner and well separated, leg markings distinct on all legs, abdomen
with segments 4 and 5 almost completely yellow, cerci whitish.

Holotype male, WELLINGTON: Ohakune, ili.1923 (T. R. Harris). AUCKLAND :
Okarahia, 1 g, 1i.1925 (A. Tonnoir). WELLINGTON: Ohakune, 6 g, 16 9, iv—vii
and ix—xi.1923 (7. R. Harris). CANTERBURY: Cass, 2 dg, ii.1925 (A. Tonnoir) ;
Akaroa, 2 2, xii.1924 (A. Tonnoirv). Oraco: Alexandra, 2 gf (C. C. Fenwick). All
specimens collected by Tonnoir are in the Canterbury Museum, holotype and
remainder in the British Museum.

Cricotopus cingulatus Hutton
Orthocladius cingulatus Hutton, tgo1, Trans. New Zealand Inst. 34: 184.

From the description it is clear that this is a species of Cricotopus and Dr. Pilgrim
has confirmed this by comparing the solitary type specimen with material sent to
him by me. It is similar to zealandicus, but is darker, the thoracic stripes are more
fused and the abdominal bands narrower. The main point of difference lies in the
complete absence of white tibial rings, the tibiae being uniformly brown. The
hypopygia of the two species are very similar.

Type locality Christchurch, type male in the Canterbury Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. WELLINGTON: Ohakune, 4 g, 9 2 (T. R. Harris). NELSON:
Nelson, I 9, ix.1923 (A. Tonnoir).

Genus TRICHOCLADIUS Kieffer
Trichocladius Kieffer, 1906, Mém. Soc. sci. Brux. 30: 356; Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc.

Lond. 77 : 328 (as subg. of Spaniotoma) ; Freeman, 1956, Bull. Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist.) Entom.

4: 313.

Eyes pubescent ; scutum usually shining, dorso-central bristles large and erect,
humeral pits unusually large in most species; wing membrane without either
macrotrichia or distinguishable microtrichia, squama with complete fringe, R,,;
ending near mid-way between R, and R,,>.

Only one species from New Zealand is known to me in this genus.

Trichocladius pluriserialis sp. n.

Male black except for shoulders, female with stripes more or less separated,
prothorax silvery, pulvilli and anal point absent. This species is extremely similar
to the African species micans Kieffer from which it may be separated by the bi- or
tri-serial dorso-central bristles which form quite broad bands.

Male. Wing length 2-2°5 mm.

Head and mouthparts brown, antennae blacker, eyes densely pubescent, A.R. 1:5.
Thorax blackish, slightly paler at the wing bases and on the shoulders, pronotum
silvery ; humeral pits conspicuous but not as large as in some species of the genus,
dorso-central bristles bi- or tri-serial, their pits forming broad and conspicuous
bands. Legs dark brown, trochanters yellow, pulvilli absent, L.R. 0-5. Wings
normal for the genus, halteres yellow. Abdomen uniformly dark brown, hair pits

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 415

conspicuous. Hypopygium without anal point, coxite lobe moderately developed,
this and the style similar to the African species micans Kieffer.

Female similar to male in general features, antennae with seven segments, thoracic
stripes may be partially or completely separate.

Holotype male CANTERBURY: Christchurch, R. Purau, x.1922 (J. W. Campbell).
AUCKLAND: Paiaka, 3 9, xi-xii.1949 (R. A. Cumber). WELLINGTON: Ohakune,
2 3, 2 Y, xi.1922 and ill—iv.1923 (7. R. Harris). CANTERBURY: Christchurch, 3 3,
2 Q, vii-ix.1924 (A. Tonnoir) ; Governor’s Bay, I 9, ix.1922 (J. F. Tapley) ; Cass,
I g, I 2, xi.1924 (A. Tonnotr) ; South Canterbury, 3 9, ii.1923 (7. R. Harris).
Specimens collected by Tonnoir are in the Canterbury Museum, holotype and
remainder are in the British Museum.

Genus DIPLOCLADIUS Kieffer

Diplocladius Kieffer, 1908, Zeit. InsektenBiol. 4:6; Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond.
77 : 328 (as subg. of Spaniotoma) ; Brundin, 1956, Inst. Freshw. Res. Drottningholm, Rept.
No. 37: 70.

Stictocladius Edwards, 1931, Dipt. Pat. S. Chile. London 2: 279 (as subg. of Spaniotoma).

Eyes with short but dense pubescence. Dorso-central bristles distinct, uniserial ;
tibial spurs well developed, the outer one of the hind tibia about half as long as the
inner, pulvilli absent ; wing membrane with distinguishable microtrichia, macro-
trichia absent, costa slightly produced, squama often bare, when fringe present then
more or less reduced. Male hypopygium with styles either double or more or less
double, apex of style without spine.

Diplocladius was erected for a Palaearctic species, D. cultrifer Kieffer and Sticto-
cladius for species from Patagonia and South Chile. The only real difference appears
to lie in the leg and wing markings of the South American species which can hardly
count as of generic significance ; they also possess some hairs on the squama, but
not a complete fringe. Of the New Zealand species described below, one (D. pictus)
has plain legs and bare squama and can thus in some ways be regarded as a link
between the European and Patagonian species. It lends support to Brundin’s
view that Stictocladius should be treated as a synonym of Diplocladius. This species
in wing venation and general appearance is very similar to species formerly placed
in Smittia and the wing pattern is not unlike that of S. maculipennis Goetghebuer
from Africa. There are also African species, such as S. hamata Freeman, with
hypopygium from which that of Dzplocladius pictus could easily be derived. In this
connexion it would be interesting to examine the male hypopygium of S. maculi-
pennis, a species unfortunately only known in the female.

The other New Zealand species has white ringed tibiae and is similar, especially
in hypopygial structure to the Patagonian species pulchripennis Edwards, except
that its squama appears to be quite bare.

Key To NEw ZEALAND SPECIES OF Diplocladius

Wings with a single dark band containing a pale area in the anal cell (Pl. XI, fig. h)
pictus sp. n.

Wings with two, browner bands, the outer containing at least one pale area, which
is in cell M,, and often two or three (Pl. XI, fig. g)_ . : , . lacuniferus sp. n.

416 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

Diplocladius lacuniferus sp. n.

A brownish species with white rings on the tibiae ; wings with two dark bands,
the outer including pale areas, costa retracted, squama bare. Male hypopygium
similar to that of D. pulchripennis Edwards, wing markings differ from that species
by the more extensive basal band and the pale lacunae in the outer band.

Male. Wing length 2 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, face yellow, eyes densely pubescent,
A.R. about 0-8. Thorax with yellow background ; stripes, postnotum and sterno-
pleuron blackish, dorso-central bristles well formed and erect. Legs brownish,
each tibia with a broad central white band occupying rather more than one-third of
the segment ; L.R. about 0-7, pulvilli and tarsal beard absent. Wings (Pl. XI, fig. g
of female) with two broad transverse dark bands ; outer band not as extensive as in
female and not reaching the apex of Mg,,4, in cell R; there is a browner area and in
cell M, an almost clear oval area; basal band reaching forward across the basal
cells to the radius ; costa retracted, squama apparently quite bare, halteres yellow.
Abdomen brown, hypopygium pale. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 2, c) not unlike that of
pulchripennis Edwards ; short anal point present, coxite with elongate and hardly
noticeable lobe, styles oval and without apical spine, basal branch present.

Female differs from male in colour of mesonotal stripes, the central ones being
yellowish margined with brown, whilst the lateral ones are brown. Wing markings
more extensive, as in Pl. XI, fig. g.

Holotype male and 3 9, CANTERBURY: Cass, xi-xii.1924 (A. Tonnoir) ; holotype
in the Canterbury Museum.

Diplocladius pictus sp. n.

A very small species, body and halteres brown, legs yellow, wings with a broad
blackish cross-band containing a pale area in the anal cell; costa retracted, eyes
pubescent, male styles double, anal point absent.

The male hypopygium of this species is similar to that of D. lacuniferus sp. n.
and pulchripennis Edwards, differing in the complete absence of anal point and the
differently shaped style. It is interesting because of the unringed tibiae, bare
squama and retracted costa.

Male. Wing length 1-2 mm.

Head and mouthparts brown, antennae yellow, pedicel partially brown, A.R.
only 0-3, last segment somewhat clubbed ; eyes densely pubescent. Thorax dark
brown and matt. Legs yellow, pulvilli absent, L.R. 0-6. Wings (Pl. XI, fig. h)
heavily marked with a broad dark brown or blackish cross-band, leaving a clear
space near the apex of the anal cell; costa retracted, slightly produced, posterior
fork long, Cu, bent, anal vein reaching beyond fork, anal angle absent, squama
bare. Halteres with dark knobs and pale stems. Abdomen dark brown or blackish.
Hypopygium (Text-fig. 2, 6) lacking anal point, coxite lobe fairly conspicuous and

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 417

hairy ; style with an apparent extra segment at base carrying a narrow process,
apical spine absent.

Female not known.

Holotype male WELLINGTON: Ohakune, iv.1923 (7. R. Harris) in the British
Museum.

Fic. 2. Male hypopygia of Orthocladiinae. (a) Metriocnemus lobifer ; (b) Diplocladius
pictus ; (c) D. lacuniferus ; (d) Chaetocladius harrisi; (e) Orthocladius pictipennis ;
(f) Smittia verna.

Genus CHAETOCLADIUS Kieffer

Chaetocladius Kieffer, 1911, Bull. Soc. ent. France, 1911: 182; Freeman, 1956, Bull. Brit. Mus.
(nat. Hist.) Entom, 4: 325.
Spaniotoma subg. Orthocladius Groups A and B, Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77:

337-338.

Eyes bare ; humeral pits small, dorso-central hairs long and erect, their punctures
easily visible ; wing membrane with distinguishable microtrichia, usually visible
under the low power of the microscope, readily distinguishable under a higher
power; squamal fringe present; scutellum slightly and uniformly shining, the

418 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

smooth bare area at its base scarcely distinguishable ; empodium distinct; Cu
usually more or less straight, not sharply bent, anal lobe normally developed.

Although I have seen material of three or four species of this genus from New
Zealand, I am only able to describe one species here because the others are repre-
sented by females only and the descriptions would be unsatisfactory for later
recognition of the species.

Chaetocladius harrisi sp. n.

Uniformly brown, female antennal sensory hairs simple, costa slightly produced,
posterior fork beyond r-m, squama with complete fringe, anal point of male
practically absent.

Male. Wing length 1-6 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, eyes bare, A.R. 1-0. Thorax uniformly
brown, dorso-central bristles uniserial, but more numerous on shoulders. Legs
brown, pulvilli absent, L.R. 0-75. Wings with distinguishable microtrichia ; costa
slightly produced, posterior fork well beyond cross-vein, Cu, slightly curved, anal
lobe obtuse, squama with complete fringe. Abdomen uniformly brown, hypopygium
(Text-fig. 2, d) with anal point hardly indicated, IXth tergite with a cluster of long
hairs at that position, coxite lobe small, style with rather strongly developed
microtrichia.

Female very similar to male in general structure, in one specimen paler on shoulders
and around wing base ; antennal segments almost cylindrical, segment 6 about one
and a half times as long as 5, sensory hairs simple.

Holotype male, xii.1922 and I 9, v—vii.1923, WELLINGTON: Ohakune (T. R.
Harris) both in the British Museum.

Genus ORTHOCLADIUS Wulp

Orthocladius Wulp, 1874, Tijdschr. Ent. 17: 132; Freeman, 1956, Bull. Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist.)
Entom, 4 : 330.
Spaniotoma subg. Orthocladius Groups C-F, Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 344-350.

Eyes bare; wing membrane without distinguishable microtrichia even under a
1/6-in. objective, usually at least slightly purplish or brownish ; smooth bare area
at base of scutellum usually sharply marked off from dull apical area ; empodium
variable, pulvilli absent ; squama fringed, R,,, ending distinctly in costa, clearly
separated from R,,;.

Two described species, Ovthocladius publicus Hutton and Dactylocladius com-
mensalis Tonnoir belong here, but such material as I have seen is in too poor a
condition for me to offer redescriptions of them. I have seen also females of two
other species but before a proper revision can be undertaken there must be much
more collecting and a thorough examination of type material. I am, however,
able to describe an unusual species with heavily patterned wings, a character which
distinguishes it from other New Zealand species of the genus. The larva of O.
commensalis Tonnoir is to be found living as a commensal on the ventral surface of
larvae of species of Blepharoceridae.

ee ee

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 419

Orthocladius pictipennis sp. n.

Black with brown legs and dark halteres, thorax with central stripe shining and
lateral ones matt; wings strongly marked with two broad blackish transverse
bands ; pulvilli absent; M,,, with a row of macrotrichia; anal point of male
absent.

This species is unusual for the subfamily in having strongly patterned wings.
Wing patterns are to be seen in some species of Diflocladius, in an African species
of Smittia (see above under genus Diflocladius) and also in Orthocladius calomicra
Edwards from South Chile. It differs from the last species in the absence of pulvilli,
in the approximation of the radial veins as well as in the quite different wing pattern
and body colour. The prothorax is more reduced centrally than is usual.

Male. Wing length 2 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae black or very dark brown, eyes bare, A.R. 1-3.
Thorax totally black, central stripe slightly shining, lateral stripes and prescutellar
area matt, dorso-central bristles uniserial, pits very distinct. Legs brown, tro-
chanters and bases of femora yellowish, tarsi yellowish brown, anterior tarsi missing,
pulvilli absent, empodium well developed. Wings (Pl. XI, fig. 7) heavily marked
with two broad blackish bands as shown; microtrichia indistinguishable, squama
fully fringed, R, and R,,,; very close, obliterating R,,,; costa strongly produced,
Cu bent, An ending opposite posterior fork ; M,,, carrying a row of macrotrichia on
the apical half; halteres black. Abdomen black, not shining, hypopygium (Text-
fig. 2, e) without anal point but with a ridge in its position, coxite lobe prominent,
styles with flange near apex.

Female resembles male in general features ; antennae with six segments, segments
3-5 with well-formed necks ; wing markings more extensive and encroaching much
more on wing tip.

Holotype male, xi—xii.1923 and I g, 1.1924 WELLINGTON: Ohakune (7. R.
Harris) both in the British Museum. WeEsSTLAND: Lake Moana, 2 J, 2 9, xii.1925
(A. Tonnoir) in the Canterbury Museum.

Genus SMITTIA Holmgren

Smiitia Holmgren, 1869, K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 8:47; Freeman, 1956, Bull. Brit. Mus.
(nat. Hist.) Entom. 4 : 346. .

Camptocladius van der Wulp, 1874, Tijdschr. Ent. 17 : 133 (in part) ; Hutton, 1902, Trans. New
Zealand Inst. 34: 185.

Spaniotoma subg. Smittia Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 357.

Eyes bare or with short pubescence ; wings without distinguishable microtrichia,
often rather milky ; R,,,; ending separately in the costa ; posterior fork well beyond
cross-vein, Cu often rather strongly curved ; squama always quite bare, pulvilli
usually absent.

There are representatives of three or four species in the British Museum but only
one, a previously described species, includes males. I am unwilling to describe the
remainder without figuring the male hypopygium.

420 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

Smittia verna Hutton

Camptocladius vernus Hutton, 1902, Trans. New Zealand Inst. 34: 185.

Thorax blackish, slightly shining, eyes pubescent, posterior fork long, Cu, bent,
Cu, with false additional fork, anal vein long, male hypopygium with short anal

point. I have seen cotypes of this species both from the Canterbury and British —

Museums.

Male. Wing length 1-75 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae dark brown or blackish, eyes densely pubescent,
A.R. 1-6. Thorax uniformly blackish, slightly shining. Legs brown, pulvilli
absent, L.R. 0-6. Wings without markings, squama bare, anal angle moderate,
not right-angled ; costa produced, posterior fork long, Cu, bent, Cu, with accessory
false fork, anal vein long and curved. Abdomen uniformly dark brown, hypopygium
(Text-fig. 2, f) with short, conical anal point, moderate coxite lobe, and flanged style.

Female similar to male.

Type series in the Canterbury Museum, cotypes in the British Museum.

DISTRIBUTION. AUCKLAND: Paiaka, 2 g, xi-xii.1949 (R. A. Cumber) ; Mount
Albert, 3 3, 4 9, v.1915 (A. E. Brookes). WELLINGTON: Ohakune, I g, 2 Q,
x1.1922 and v—vii.1923 (7. R. Harris). CANTERBURY: type series, males and
females and other specimens, Christchurch ; Governor’s Bay, I 3, ix.1922 (J. F.
LTapley). OtTaco: Dunedin, 1 g, 1 2 (C. C. Fenwick).

SUBFAMILY: CHIRONOMINAE

Eyes with dorsal narrow portion (except in Pseudochironomus and in one or two
other non-New Zealand genera) ; male antennae plumose and with 11-14 segments,
female antennae with five to seven segments. Pronotum sometimes collar-like, but
often reduced and not visible from above, postnotal furrow distinct. Anterior tibia
usually terminating on the inner side in a “ scale’’, which may be rounded and
unarmed or armed with a sharp spine ; in Riethia (and the non-New Zealand genus
Pseudochironomus) there is a conspicuous spur on this tibia ; middle and posterior
tibiae normally with two apical combs composed of basally fused spinules, the tibial
spurs are associated with these combs but one or both spurs may be reduced or
absent and the combs may be fused or separate. Anterior basitarsus at least as
long as, and nearly always longer than, the tibia (L.R. more than 1). True base
of M;,, (m-cu of authors) never present, R,,3; present, but never connected to Ry
by a cross-vein ; costa almost always ending abruptly at tip of R,,;. Male hypo-
pygium not inverted, styles directed rigidly backwards and without terminal spine,
coxites usually with two or more basal appendages (reduced and occasionally absent
in Chironomus subg. Cryptochironomus).

There are descriptions of seven species of this subfamily in the literature, six being
placed by their authors in Ciivonomus and one in Tanytarsus. Chironomus zea-
landicus Hudson and novae-zelandiae Kieffer, from an examination of compared
specimens and cotypes, have been found to be descriptions of the same species which
belongs to Chivonomus sensu stricto. I have seen cotypes of C. opimus, pavidus and

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 421

ignavus Hutton and find that all belong to Polypedilum ; the first two I have been
able to recognize easily from my material, but of ignavus I have only seen two
damaged females which may belong to my new species P. canuwm but cannot be
identified with certainty. I am unable to recognize C. lentus Hutton of which I
have seen no type material and Dr. Pilgrim tells me that there is no material of this
species in the Canterbury Museum so far as he can see: it is very probably another
species of Polypedilum. The species of Tanytarsus belongs to that genus and is
redescribed below.

KeEy TO TRIBES AND NEW ZEALAND GENERA OF CHIRONOMINAE

1. Wings with macrotrichia on membrane and with cross-vein r-m parallel to and
practically continuous with R,,; ; squama bare

Tribe Tanytarsini—only one genus represented—Tanytarsus Wulp

Wings usually without macrotrichia on the membrane, when present, then r-m
transverse ; squama usually fringed—Tribe Chironomini . i 2

2. Posterior tibia with only a single spur which is normally carried on the small outer
comb in those species in which the combs are not fused ‘ ; i 3
Posterior tibia with two spurs, that is, each comb with a spur ‘ 4

3. Pulvilli easily visible in a dry specimen, in a slide mount they can be seen “to be

divided longitudinally ; anterior tibial scale usually with a small spur; eighth
abdominal segment of male constricted basally . ; ; Polypedilum Kieffer

Pulvilli only discernible in slide mounts, not divided ; anterior tibia lacking both

distinct scale and spur; VIIIth tergite of male abdomen not constricted basally
Paucispinigera gen, n.

4. Wing membrane thickly clothed with macrotrichia 4 : ; . Harrisius gen. n.
Wing membrane without macrotrichia : 5

5. Anterior tibial scale rounded and unarmed ; pronotum reaching sip to front of meso-
thorax, sometimes collar-like . 3 A : : Chironomus Meigen
Anterior tibia either with a spur or an armed scale ‘ : : : ; : 6

6. Anterior tibia with well-formed black spur with enlarged base ; prothorax reaching up
to front of mesonotum but narrow and not collar-like; frons without tufts of
coarse forwardly projecting hair : ; . Riethia Kieffer
Anterior tibia with small triangular scale bearing a short sharp spine ; prothorax
reduced and far surpassed by mesonotum ; frons carrying a group of coarse hair
each side, projecting forwards between antennae : : . Ophryophorus gen. n.

Genus RIETHIA Kieffer

Riethia Kieffer, 1917, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung. 15 : 203; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40
(1): 272; Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. ent. France 90 : 30.

Male antenna with 14 segments, female with six or seven segments, eyes with
well-formed dorsal narrow portions. Prothorax applied to front of mesothorax, not
collar-like. Anterior tibia with well-formed black spur, the base being enlarged as
in Pseudochironomus, other tibiae each with a pair of subtriangular combs carrying
a long spur at the apex, pulvilli present or absent. Costa neither produced nor
retracted, ending above apex of M,,., squama with complete fringe. Hypopygium
without anal point, two coxite appendages present, appendage 2 in at least some
species with stout pectinate spines.

Kieffer described this genus to include two Australian species, but he did not

422 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

designate either as type species. I have been unable to find any subsequent designa-
tion and I therefore designate Riethia stictoptera Kieffer, 1917 as the type species.

Australian material of R. stictopiera and Kieffer’s original description show that
the genus is allied to Pseudochironomus in spur formation but possesses well-formed
dorsal narrow portions to the eyes. The Australian specimens and the New Zealand
species described below show similar spurs and eyes and, in addition differ from
Pseudochironomus in the much reduced prothorax which is hardly visible from above
and is applied to the front of the mesothorax much as in Chivonomus subgg.
Cryptochironomus and Dicrotendipes ; also the costa is not retracted.

The New Zealand species is extremely similar to the South Chilean Pseudo-
chironomus truncatocaudatus Edwards, and I am therefore transferring this species
and melanoides Edwards, also from Chile, to Riethia. The Chilean species have
no pulvilli, the New Zealand species small ones, whilst in the Australian species they
are well developed, illustrating that this character is not of generic significance
in this part of the family.

Riethia zeylandica sp. n.

Greenish with reddish thoracic markings and plain wings. In the structure of the
male hypopygium and the spurs it resembles the South Chilean species trwncato-
caudata Edwards (see above), but it differs in the presence of distinct pulvili, by
the seven-segmented female antennae, by the smaller size, by the shape of appendage
1 of the male hypopygium and the smaller number of pectinate spines on appendage 2.

Male. Wing length 2-3-2-6 mm.

Head green, mouthparts brownish, pedicel reddish, A.R. 1-3, eyes with well-
formed dorsal narrow portions. Thorax green; stripes, postnotum and sterno-
pleuron reddish brown; dorso-central bristles uniserial, prothorax narrow and
closely applied to front of mesothorax. Legs greenish brown, L.R. slightly more
than 1, distinct pulvilli present. Wings unmarked; costa not produced nor re-
tracted, ending above M,,., posterior fork slightly distal to cross-vein, halteres pale.
Abdomen green and without darker markings. Hypopygium (Text-figs. 3, a, a’)
similar in general structure to truncatocaudata but differs as follows : margin of [Xth
tergite with only four long hairs, styles more pointed, appendage 1 rounded and not
pointed at the apex, appendage 2 with only about six flattened pectinate spines
which are placed at the extreme tip.

Female similar to male in colour and general structure; antennae with seven |
segments.

Holotype male and 4 J, 3 9, WELLINGTON: Ohakune, xi.1922 (7. R. Harris) all
in the British Museum.

Genus CHIRONOMUS Meigen

Chironomus Meigen, 1803, Illiger’s Mag. 2: 260; Freeman, Bull. Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist.) Entom.
5 ; 329.

Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913, Voy. Alluaud Jeannel Afr. Or. Ins. Dipt. 1: 23.

Cryptochironomus Kieffer, 1918, Ent. Mitt. 7: 46.

Chivonomus subg. Chironomus Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77 : 380.

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 423

Fic. 3. Male hypopygia of Rietha and Chironomus. (a) R. zevlandica ; (a’) spine from
apex of appendage 2 at higher magnification; (b) C. (Chironomus) zealandicus ;
(c) C. (Chironomus) analis ; (d) C. (Cryptochironomus) cylindricus.

424 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

Male antenna with 12 segments and that of female usually with six; frontal
tubercles frequently present ; palpi usually long. Prothorax reaching up to front
of thorax where it may form a collar with or without central emargination ; often
with a centrally dividing suture but the two halves are close together and not widely
separated. Anterior tibia with rounded, unarmed scale, combs of middle and
posterior tibiae large and each with a short spur; pulvilli large and broad. Wing
membrane without macrotrichia, squama with complete fringe.

Four New Zealand species of Chironomus, falling into three subgenera are known
to me but doubtless others remain to be found. All are quite typical of the groups
to which they belong. Six species have been placed by previous authors in the
genus, but, as stated above, it is probable that only two of these really belong here.

Kry To NEw ZEALAND SPECIES OF Chironomus

1. Prothorax collar-like and with a well-marked V-shaped central emargination ; frontal
tubercles present (Chivonomus s. str.) ; 2
Prothorax narrower and applied to front of mesonotum, with a centrally dividing

suture ; frontal tubercles absent ‘ : 4 : 3
2. Anal point of male narrow (Text-fig. 3, b) . : : . Ch. (Ch. ) zealandicus Hudson
Anal point of male stout (Text-fig. 3, c) ; ; . Ch. (Ch.) analis sp. n.

3. Front legs with apex of femur and whole of tibiae and tarsi dark brown
Ch. (Dicrotendipes) canterburyensis sp. n.
All legs green with only tarsi darker . : . Ch. (Cryptochironomus) cylindricus sp. n.

Chironomus (Chironomus) zealandicus Hudson

Chironomus zealandicus Hudson, 1892, Manual of New Zealand Entomology. London, p. 43;
Hutton, 1902, Tvans. New Zealand Inst. 34: 181.
Chironomus novae-zelandiae Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon. 68 : 146 (syn. nov.).

A typical species of the subgenus, very similar to others from other parts of the
world. Thorax yellowish or greenish brown with greyish pruinosity and dark
stripes ; anterior tarsi bearded, abdominal segments dark and with apical third
yellowish or greenish, hypopygium with narrower anal point than in the next species.

Male. Wing length 4-6 mm.

Head yellowish or greenish brown, mouthparts dark brown, frontal tubercles
present, antennae dark brown, A.R. about 4. Thorax with yellowish brown back-
ground, shoulders and lateral margins paler ; stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron
dark brown, prescutellar area usually brown as well; whole thorax with slight
greyish pruinosity. Legs yellowish or greenish brown, dark only at tips of tarsi ;
anterior tarsus well bearded, L.R. 1-3. Wings with darkened cross-vein, halteres
yellow. Abdomen usually dark brown with about apical third of each segment
yellowish or greenish and slightly pruinose, but the size of the pale parts varies and
may be greater or lesser ; hypopygium (Text- -fig. 3, 6) of a very normal Chivonomus
plumosus type, anal point narrower than in analis sp. n.

Female very similar to male, but abdomen darker and rather more pruinose ;
anterior tarsi not bearded.

I have not seen Hudson’s type specimens which are in the Dominion Museum,
Wellington, but I have seen a number identified by Hutton who would presumably

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 425

have had access to the Hudson Collection ; type locality, Christchurch. The type
series of novae-zelandiae is in the Berlin Museum and I have been able to borrow
some of these; I have marked a male from Wellington as lectotype.

DISTRIBUTION. It is a common species and I have seen about 100 specimens from
the following localities. AUCKLAND: Paiaka, Mt. Albert, Tamaki, Wairoa. WEL-
LINGTON : Ohakune, Makerua. NELSoN: Blackball. WrEsTLAND: Otira, “‘ West
Coast ’’. CANTERBURY: Christchurch, Governor’s Bay, New Brighton, Rolleston,
“S. Canterbury ”’.

Chironomus (Chironomus) analis sp. n.

This species is very similar to zealandicus in general appearance, but the male
anal point is much heavier and stouter (Text-fig. 3, c). In colour it tends to be
rather paler and the male abdomen is green with a saddle-shaped dark mark placed
in the basal two-thirds of each of segments 2-5. In other structural features the
two species are identical.

Holotype male NELson: Blackball, v.19g20 (J. W. Campbell). \WELLINGTON :
Ohakune, 1 3, 3 2 (J. W. Campbell and T. R. Harris). WrEsTLAND: W. Coast, I 3,
11.1925 (T. R. Harris). OTAGO: Queenstown, I 3, xii.rg19g (T. R. Harris). All
specimens are in the British Museum.

Chironomus (Dicrotendipes) canterburyensis sp. n.

Thorax yellowish green and shining with three dark brown well separated stripes,
bristles dark ; front tibiae and tarsi dark brown, all femora dark at tips ; abdomen
plain green with dark bristles. Although the male is not known, I am describing
this species because it should be easily recognized by the colour and pattern. It is
the only species of the subgenus known to me from New Zealand.

Female. Wing length 4 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, pedicel yellow ; segments 2—5 of antennae
with long narrow necks which are almost as long as basal bulbs, segment 6 one and
a half times as long as 5, frontal tubercles absent. Thorax shining yellowish green ;
stripes and apical half of postnotum dark brown, stripes separate, prescutellar area
green ; dorso-central bristles uniserial anteriorly, both they and lateral bristles dark
brown and rather conspicuous against the pale background. Legs with green
femora tipped with brown, front tibiae and tarsi entirely dark. brown, tibiae of
posterior four legs green tinged with brown, tarsi of these legs brown; L.R. 1°5;
pulvilli well developed, fifth segment of anterior tarsus half as long as fourth and
cylindrical, tibial combs wide, spurs short. Wings plain, squama fringed, R,,5
ending in contact with R,, halteres green. Abdomen plain green with brown bristles.

Holotype female and 2 2, South Canterbury, ii.1923 (7. R. Harris), all in the
British Museum.

Chironomus (Cryptochironomus) cylindricus sp. n.

Green with reddish thoracic markings and narrow dark bands at the abdominal
incisures of the male ; hypopygium with long, narrow, cylindrical appendage 1.
Male. Wing length 2:5-2:75 mm.

426 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

Head green, palpi and antennae brownish, pedicel reddish, A.R. 1-5, frontal

tubercles absent. Thorax green; stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron reddish —

yellow, dorso-central bristles uniserial and pale. Legs green, tarsi darker, L.R. 1:5,
combs fused and each with a short spur. Wéings plain, squama fringed, halteres
green. Abdomen green, segments I-4 each with a narrow dark band at apex,
extended slightly on to the base of each succeeding segment so that band is properly
at the incisure. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 3, d) with characteristic shaped styles, long
anal point and cylindrical appendage 1.

Female similar to male but abdomen plain green; antennae with segments 3-5
lacking long necks.

Holotype male South Canterbury, ii.1923 (JT. R. Harris), AUCKLAND: Paiaka,
5 d, II Q, xi-xii.1949 (R. A. Cumber), holotype and other specimens all in the
British Museum.

Genus HARRISIUS gen. n.

Antennae of male with 14 segments, of female with six, although the second
segment is deeply indented ; frontal tubercles absent, palpi not reduced. Pronotum
much reduced and far surpassed by mesonotum which projects as a cone over the
head very much as in Stenochironomus ; acrostichal bristles long and with distinct
pits and easily visible as a double row extending back to middle of scutum. Wing
membrane thickly clothed with macrotrichia, squama fringed ; R,,, close to R, at
the apex. Scale of anterior tibia oval and rather longer than in Chironomus s. str.
but not as long as in Stenochironomus, without a spur; pulvilli present ; combs of
middle and posterior tibiae fused and each with a spur. Male hypopygium with
two pairs of coxite appendages and without the lengthening of appendage 2 and
style shown by Stenochironomus, appendage 2 also lacks a movable spine at the apex.

Type of genus H. pallidus sp. n.

In general appearance and in most of its characters this genus resembles Steno-
chironomus but it is to be distinguished by the hairy wings and differently constructed
male hypopygium. There are specimens of another, as yet undescribed, species in
the British Museum from New Guinea.

Harrisius pallidus sp. n.

A small pale green species with yellowish thoracic markings ; readily distinguished
from other New Zealand Chironomids by the hairy wings and the male genital
structure.

Male. Wing length 2-5-2-75 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae greenish yellow, A.R. 15. Thorax very pale
greenish yellow; stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron yellow. Legs greenish
white ; anterior tibia subequal to femur, L.R. 1-2, beard absent. Wings quite
unmarked and with macrotrichia almost to the base, halteres white. Abdomen pale
green, hypopygium (Text-fig. 4, a) simple, appendage 1 rather long and curved,
appendage 2 with a few apical bristles,

Female similar to male.

‘NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 427

Holotype male and 4 ¢, 10 9, WELLINGTON: Ohakune, x.1922-ili1.1923 and
xi.1923 (7. R. Harris). AUCKLAND: Kaitaia, 1 g, ii.1917 (J. Muggeridge) ;
Tuakau, 2 9, ii.1917 (J. Muggeridge). WESTLAND: Lake Moana, 2.3, xii.1925
(A. Tonnotr). CANTERBURY: Christchurch, R. Purau, x.1922 (J. W. Campbell) ;
Cass, 2 3, 2 2, xii. 1924 (A. Tonnoir) ; Hilltop, 2 9, i.1925 (A. Tonnoir). Specimens
collected by Tonnoir are in the Canterbury Museum, holotype and remainder are in
the British Museum.

Fic. 4. Chironominae. (a) Male hypopygium of Harrisius pallidus ; (b) hypopygium
of Ophryophorus ramiferus ; (c) hypopygium of Paucispinigera approximata ; (d) wing
of P. approximata.

Genus OPHRYOPHORUS gen. n.

Antennae of male with 14 segments, of female with six and segment 2 is deeply
indented ; frontal tubercles absent, but frons with a group of long coarse hairs
each side projecting forwards between antennae; palpi not reduced. Pronotum
much reduced and surpassed by mesonotum which projects as a cone over

428 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

head as in Stenochironomus and Harrisius ; acrostichal bristles long, arising from
distinct pits and easily visible as a double row extending back to middle of
scutum. Wing membrane without macrotrichia, squama fringed, R,,, close to R,
at apex. Scale of anterior tibia not very large, triangular and with a short sharp
spine at the apex; pulvilli present ; combs of middle and posterior tibiae fused
and each fused pair carrying two spurs. Male hypopygium with two pairs of coxite
appendages, the hairs on appendage 2 of the type species branched at the apices.

Type species of the genus O. ramiferus sp. n.

The single species placed in this genus bears a resemblance in thoracic structure
to Stenochironomus and Harrisius, but it can be distinguished from the former by
the quite different male hypopygium, from the latter by the bare wings and from
them both by the two groups of coarse hairs on the frons.

Ophryophorus ramiferus sp. n.

Thorax pale with reddish stripes, abdomen very dark brown, distinguished from
other New Zealand Chironomids by the generic characters and by the male hypo-
pygium with its curious branched hairs.

Male. Wing length 3 mm.

Head yellowish, antennae brown, A.R. about 1-8. Thorax pale yellow ; stripes
reddish, sternopleuron and postnotum brown. Legs yellow, apices of anterior
femora and tibiae slightly darkened, tarsal beard absent, L.R. 1-3. Wings un-
marked, costa rather long and R,,; curved at the apex. Abdomen very dark brown ;
hypopygium (Text-fig. 4, b) quite characteristic ; IXth tergite of an unusual shape,
with anal point at apex of conical extension of the tergite, appendage 1 simple,
appendage 2 with branched hairs along the outer margin, styles contracted at
extreme apex.

Female very similar to male but abdomen is pale.

Holotype male and 9 g, 13 9, WELLINGTON : Ohakune, xi.1922-iv.1923 (T. R.
Harris) all in the British Museum.

Genus PAUCISPINIGERA gen. n.

Antennae of male with 14 segments, of female with six, frontal tubercles absent,
palpi not reduced. Pronotum not greatly reduced, reaching more or less up to front
of mesonotum ; acrostichal bristles well developed. R,,3 only slightly separated
from R, at apex, R,,; and costa curved round right to the apex of the wing where
they are only slightly separated from M,,. which is curved upwards at the apex ;
posterior fork well distal to cross-vein ; wing membrane without macrotrichia but
they are present on M,,, and in the female on M,,, as well; squama fringed.
Anterior tibia without either distinct scale or spur, combs of other tibiae fused and
each fused pair with only a single spur; pulvilli only visible in slide preparations
and not divided, empodium well formed. Male hypopygium very similar in structure
to Paratendipes, appendage 2a small but distinct; segment 8 not constricted
basally.

Type species P. approximata sp. n.

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 429

From the structure of the male hypopygium this species could easily be placed in
Paratendipes, but it is precluded from that genus by the presence of only one posterior
tibial spur and the absence of an anterior tibial spur. In the presence of macro-
trichia on the medial vein and the approximation of R,,; and M,,,, the species
resembles Polypedilum opimus Hutton but it does not belong to Polypedilum because
of the reduced and simple pulvilli, the simple apex of the anterior tibia and the
unconstricted base of the eighth segment of the male abdomen.

Paucispinigera approximata sp. n.

Green with reddish thoracic markings, easily separated from other species by the
approximation of veins R,,, and M,,, with macrotrichia on the latter and by the
Paratendipes-like male hypopygium.

Male. Wing length 2-2-6 mm.

Head and antennal pedicel yellow, palpi darker, A.R. 1-3. Thorax yellowish
green with reddish stripes, postnotum and sternopleuron. Legs pale yellow, L.R.
1-3. Wings unmarked, venation as in Text-fig. 5, d, M,,, with macrotrichia on
apical half. Abdomen plain green, hypopygium as in Text-fig. 5, c.

Female similar to male in colour, vein M,,, with macrotrichia for most of its
length, macrotrichia also present on M,,, from fork to wing margin.

Holotype male and 9 J, 8 2, WELLINGTON : Ohakune, x—xii. 1922 and iv—vil. 1923
(7. R. Harris). MARLBOROUGH: Goose Bay, I g, iv.1925 (A. Tonnoir). WESsT-
LAND: Lake Moana, 3 dg, xil.1925 (A. Tonnoir). CANTERBURY: Hilltop, 1 3,
iv.1923 (A. Tonnoir). Specimens collected by Tonnoir are in the Canterbury
Museum, holotype and remainder are in the British Museum.

Genus POLYPEDILUM Kieffer

Polypedilum Kieffer, 1913, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz 28:15; Freeman, 1958, Bull. Brit. Mus.

(nat. Hist.) Entom. 6 : 266.

Peniapedilum Kieffer, 1913, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz 28 : 25.
Chironomus subg. Polypedilum Edwards, 1929, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 77: 401.
Pentapedilum subg. Pentapedilum Edwards, 1929, ibid. 77 : 376.

Male antenna 14-segmented, of female six-segmented, frontal tubercles only
occasionally present. Pronotum moderately developed, both acrostichal and dorso-
central bristles well developed ; anterior tibial scale with a short spur, middle and
posterior tibial spurs with only a single spur for each pair; pulvilli split longi-
tudinally into narrow lobes (only clearly visible in slide mounts). Wing membrane
bare or with macrotrichia and either unmarked or with dark clouds and spots ;
squama with complete fringe. Eighth abdominal segment of male constricted
basally so as to appear triangular ; anal point well formed, two coxite appendages
present or occasionally three, appendage 2 usually with a long terminal hair.

There are seven species of this genus in the material at my disposal, one being a
species previously known only from Africa south of the Sahara. Two are species
which have already been described by Hutton in the genus Chivonomus, the other
four I am describing as new although it may later be shown that P. canum sp. n.

430 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

is a redescription of another species of Hutton’s—Chironomus ignavus. Chironomus
lentus Hutton may also belong here but I cannot place it without examination of the
type series.

All the species are fairly typical of the genus with the possible exception of opimus,
a species in which vein R,,; is strongly curved and both branches of M carry macro-
trichia, features in which it resembles the new genus Paucispinigera. However, in
other respects, including the split pulvilli and constriction of the VIIIth tergite of
the male, it resembles Polypedilum. All the species belong to the typical subgenus,
subgenus Pentapedilum not so far being recorded.

Key To NEW ZEALAND SPECIES OF Polypedilum

1. Wings with dark markings and clouds ‘ A : ‘ ; ‘ ‘ ‘ 2
Wings unmarked
2. R,,; very strongly curved, ‘both branches of M with macrotrichia (Pl, XI, fig. 2

opimus Hutton
R,,5 practically straight, both branches of M bare : 3

3. Wing length 1-3-1-5 mm., wing markings more definite and including ¢ a dark spot
basal to the cross-vein (Pl. XI, fig. f) ; . longicrus Kieffer

Wing length 3-5-4 mm., wing markings more vague, this spot absent (Pl. XI, fig. 7)
pavidus Hutton

4. Abdomen with pale markings or pale with dark markings, costal cell rounded at tip 5
Abdomen dark brown or black without pale markings, costal cell pointed P ‘ 6
5. Abdominal segments dark with pale markings at apices ¢ : : . harvisi sp. n.
Abdominal segments pale with dark apical bands ‘ ; ° . digitulus sp. n.
6. Abdomen blackish and without pruinose bands . : , cumbert sp. Nn.

Abdomen dark brown or blackish with pruinose bands at apices of segments
canum sp. Nn.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) pavidus Hutton
Chivonomus pavidus Hutton, 1902, Trans. New Zealand Inst. 34 : 183.

A fairly large and typical blackish species with grey pruinosity on the thorax ;
wings with faint grey clouds which are better developed in the female ; R,,, nearly
straight ; anterior tarsi of male bearded.

Male. Wing length 3-5-4 mm.

Head, antennae and mouthparts dark brown or blackish, A.R. over 4. Thorax
blackish with pruinosity on shoulders, along line of dorso-central bristles and on
prescutellar area. Legs dark brown, tibiae slightly paler, anterior tibial scale
apparently unarmed, L.R. 1-25, anterior tarsi with long but scanty beard. Wings
(Pl. XI, fig. 7 of female) with faint grey spots as shown; R,,; more or less straight.
Abdomen blackish and with long pale hairs, each segment pruinose basally but not
strikingly so. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 5, a) quite normal for the genus.

Female resembles male.

I have seen three specimens of the type series which is in the Canterbury Museum.
A male agrees with Hutton’s description, but of the two females, one is Tvichocladius
pluriserialis and the other a species of Chaetocladius. Type locality, Christchurch.

DISTRIBUTION. AUCKLAND: Paiaka, I 9, xi-xii.1949 (R. A. Cumber). WEL-
LINGTON : Ohakune, 3 g, I 9, x-xi.1922 (7. R. Harris). WESTLAND: Lake Moana,

——

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 431

Fic. 5. Hypopygia of Polypedilum. (a) P. pavidus ; (6) P. longicrus ; (c) P. opimus ;
(2) P. harvisi ; (e) P. digitulus ; (f) P. cumberi; (g) P. canum.

432. NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

I 9, xii.1925 (A. Tonnoir). CANTERBURY: Christchurch, male of type series and
I g, I 9, x.1924 (A. Tonnoir).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) longicrus Kieffer

Polypedilum longicrus Kieffer, 1921, Ann. Soc. sci. Brux. 40 (4): 101; Freeman, 1958, Bull.

Brit. Mus. (nat. Hist.) Entom. 6 : 279.

Polypedilum longicrus has previously been known as an African species and is
particularly common along the Nile in the Sudan. The two specimens from New
Zealand agree exactly with African material in colour, wing pattern and male
hypopygial structure and I can see no reason for separating them as a distinct
species. It may have been introduced to New Zealand from Africa, or it may
simply be a wide-spread species in the warmer parts of the world. It is a small
species with patterned wings, easily distinguished from other New Zealand species
by the wing pattern, straight vein R,,, and by the male hypopygium with its broad,
sharply down-turned anal point.

Male. Wing length 1-3-1:5 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. about 1-1. Thorax brown with
some pruinosity especially in prescutellar area. Legs yellowish, femora darker
basally, tibial scale oval and with short spur, L.R. 1°8, anterior tarsi not bearded.
Wings (Pl. XI, fig. k) with characteristic pattern which includes a spot basal to the
cross-vein, R,,; straight; halteres pale. Abdomen dark brown; hypopygium
(Text-fig. 5, 0) with short broad anal point which is sharply turned downwards,
appendage I stout and curved, with three longer curved hairs, appendage 2 with
about five hairs at the apex.

Female not known from New Zealand material, but in Africa it resembles the male.

The holotype is lost (type locality BELGIAN CoNnGo: Go).

DISTRIBUTION. AUCKLAND: Paiaka, 2 3, xi-xii.1949 (R. A. Cumber).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) opimus Hutton

Chironomus opimus Hutton, 1901, Trans. New Zealand Inst. 34 : 182.

Green or yellowish green, thoracic stripes reddish yellow ; abdomen with vague
dark markings; wings with a dark spot over cross-vein and another at apex of
anal cell, R,,; strongly curved so that tip of cell almost reaches M,,, which carries
macrotrichia ; posterior femora with a dark band near the centre ; IXth tergite of
male truncate. This species is easily recognized by the wing pattern and venation,
by the band on the femora and by the male hypopygium.

Male. Wing length 2-5-3 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. 1-3. Thorax green, mesonotal
stripes reddish yellow, each of central ones with a small dark brown line anteriorly,
lateral ones with a brown spot just anterior to wings ; postnotum brown on apical
half, pleura brown and with a pale longitudinal median stripe. Legs yellowish or
greenish, anterior tibia dark sub-basally, anterior femora with a broad subapical
dark band, other legs usually narrowly dark above and below the knees and with
a dark band a little before the middle of the femur; L.R. 1-25. Wéngs (Pl. XI, fig. /

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 433

of female) with dark clouds over cross-vein and at apex of anal cell, in addition
there may be variable and more vague dark markings near the apex ; R,,; and the
costa much curved round apex so that they nearly touch M,,,; both branches of
media with macrotrichia on apical half. Halteres yellow. Abdomen green, each
segment narrowly pruinose at apex and with variable dark markings which may be
completely absent. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 5, c) with quite characteristic IXth
tergite which is drawn out and truncate at apex, anal point curved and finger-like
in lateral aspect, appendage I bulky in most specimens and with a long seta on the
outer angle, but the exact shape is variable and it may be a good deal smaller,
appendage 2 narrow and with about six hairs at the apex.

Female resembles male in colour and pattern.

I have seen three specimens of the type series which is in the Canterbury Museum
and Dr. Pilgrim has been kind enough to compare further specimens for me (type
locality, Christchurch and Auckland).

DISTRIBUTION. AUCKLAND: Paiaka, 5 g, 2 9, xi-xii.1949 (R. A. Cumber).
WELLINGTON : Ohakune, 2 3, 16 9, ii-vii and x—xi.1923 (T. R. Harris). CANTER-
BURY : Christchurch, R. Purau, 2 3, x.1922 (J. W. Campbell) ; Christchurch, 3
(A. Tonnoir) ; New Brighton, Dyer’s Road, 6 3, 2 9, iv.1922 (J. W. Campbell).

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) harrisi sp. n.

Wings plain, mesonotum pale brown, abdomen with yellow markings on segments
I-5, femora dark at apices, R,,, curved ; appendage 1 of male hypopygium narrow
and with subapical long hair. The curved radial vein and simple hypopygium are
sufficient to distinguish this species from the others described here.

Male. Wing length 3:25 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. 1:8. Thorax with pale brown
mesonotum lacking pruinosity ; pleura and postnotum dark brown. Legs yellowish,
apices of femora brown, anterior tarsi missing. Wings without markings, R,,;
curved but not as strongly as in opimus, costal cell rounded at apex ; halteres with
dark knobs. Abdomen dark brown with yellow markings as broad spots at apices
of segments 2—4, segment I mostly yellow, segment 5 with narrow yellow band ;
markings on segments I-5 encroach on to base of succeeding segment. Hypopygium
(Text-fig. 5, d) simple, anal point well formed, appendage 1 narrow though broader
basally and with a long subapical seta and another at the base, appendage 2 narrow.

Female not known.

Holotype male WELLINGTON: Ohakune, xi.1923 (7. R. Harris) in the British
Museum.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) digitulus sp. n.

Wings plain, R,,, strongly curved but less strongly than in opimus ; mesonotum
brown and with pruinosity, abdomen yellowish with dark bands at apices of segments.
Distinguishable from harrisi by the abdominal segments being dark at apices and by
the presence of a cylindrical, finger-like process between the coxites of the male,

Male. Wing length 2~-2-75 mm.

434 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

Head, mouthparts and antennae dark brown, A.R. 1-8. Thorax with mesonotum
brown with changeable pruinosity, pleura and postnotum dark brown, bristles pale.
Legs yellow, knees vaguely darkened, L.R. 1-5. Wings unmarked, R,,, strongly
curved, but not quite as strongly as in opimus, costal cell rounded at apex, halteres
yellow. Abdomen yellowish, each tergite with a dark band at the apex; hypo-
pygium (Text-fig. 5, e) not unlike harrisi but with an additional finger-like process
between the bases of the coxites ; appendage I rather longer and narrower and with
a long hair at the extreme apex.

Female resembles male in colour and wing venation.

Holotype male WELLINGTON : Ohakune, x—xi.1923 (TJ. R. Harris) ; other speci-
mens with same data, 2 3, 2 2, x-xi.1922 and 1 2 iv.1923 all in the British Museum.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) cumberi sp. n.

A small blackish species with pruinosity on the mesonotum ; wings plain, R,,,
curved, costal cell pointed at apex; abdomen dark and unmarked, hypopygium
with large bilobed appendage 1. This species is not unlike the next one but it
may be distinguished by the plain abdomen as well as by the structure of the
hypopygium.

Male. Wing length 2-0 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae very dark brown, A.R. only 0:75. Thorax
black, slightly shining and with pruinosity especially along the lines of dorso-central
bristles and in prescutellar area. Legs dark brown, L.R. hardly more thani. Wings
without markings, Ry,, curved but not strongly, costal cell pointed, posterior fork
considerably beyond cross-vein, halteres dark. Abdomen blackish and shining ;
hypopygium (Text-fig. 5, f) with well-formed anal point, appendage 1 large and
bilobed with a long bristle on outer lobe; differing mostly from canum by the
numerous and strong curved bristles on appendage 2 which is also stouter.

Female resembles male in colour and venation.

Holotype male and 23 g, 4 9, AUCKLAND: Paiaka, xi—xii.1949 (R. A. Cumber)
all in the British Museum.

Polypedilum (Polypedilum) canum sp. n.
? Chironomus ignavus Hutton, 1902, Trans. New Zealand Inst. 34 : 183.

This may be the species described by Hutton as Chivonomus ignavus of which I
have only seen two damaged female cotypes. These enable me to place the species
in the correct genus but it is not possible to be certain of the identity of the species
until better material, including males, of his series can be examined. P. canum is
a dark coloured species with blackish abdomen which has pruinose bands at the
apices of the segments ; wings plain, R,,; curved, cell pointed at the apex. Dis-
tinguished from cumberi by the pruinose abdominal bands and the reduced number
of hairs on appendage 2 of the hypopygium, as well as by the broader appendage 1.

Male. Wing length 3 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae brown, A.R. 1-8. Thorax brown, lateral meso-
notal stripes rather darker brown, with pruinosity especially along lines of dorso-

cSecs,

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 435

central bristles and in prescutellar area. Legs yellowish, slightly darkened at apices
of femora, L.R. 1-3. Wings unmarked, R,,; curved, costal cell pointed at apex,
posterior fork only slightly beyond cross-vein, halteres dark. Abdomen very dark
brown or blackish, each segment with a band of pruinosity at the apex when viewed
from behind. Hypopygium (Text-fig. 5, g) with broad appendage 1 which is slightly
indented at apex and with a small finger-like process at inner angle, outer angle with
a long curved seta ; appendage 2 narrow and with only about six hairs at the extreme
apex.

Female resembles male in colour and venation.

Holotype male and 1 4, 2 9, WELLINGTON: Ohakune, xi.1923 (7. R. Harris) all
in the British Museum. C. ignavus was described from specimens collected at
Christchurch.

Genus TANYTARSUS Wulp

Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874, Tijdschr. Ent. 17: 134; Freeman, 1958, Bull. Brit. Mus. (nat.

Hist.) Entom. 6:

Combs of posterior tibiae at least narrowly separated ventrally and occupying at
most half circumference of tibia, usually both with a spur but one or both spurs may
be absent. Wing membrane with a variable number of macrotrichia, R,,, ending at
level of or beyond tip of M,,,, anal area more or less developed. Scutellum usually
with several long marginal bristles but in small species the central pair is the longest.

Both the New Zealand species known to me belong to the subgenus 7 anytarsus
S. Sty.

Kry To NEW ZEALAND SPECIES OF Tanytarsus

Combs of posterior tibiae unarmed, apex of R,;; opposite apex of M3,
vespertinus Hutton
Combs each with a strong spur, apex of R,;, beyond apex of M3, ; funebris sp. n.

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) vespertinus Hutton
Tanytarsus vespertinus Hutton, 1go0r, Trans. New Zealand Inst. 34: 185.

Greenish or yellowish, thoracic stripes brown, abdomen olive green, frontal
tubercles present, L.R. about 1-5, combs large, occupying half circumference of
tibia, unarmed but separated, pulvilli absent, anal point broad and without row of
dots, appendage 2 short and with simple hairs, whole hypopygium rather broad.

The formation of the tibial combs makes this species difficult to place in the
known genera; it is precluded from Micropsectra and Lundstrémia because the
combs are clearly separated and from Phaenopelma because pulvilli are absent. It
is probably best placed in the group of Tanytarsus to which Edwards (1929) refers
as Group A. In this group the tibial spurs are very short and it can, in some
ways be regarded as intermediate between the genera Tanytarsus, Micropsectra and
Lundstromia.

Male. Wing length 1-8—2-4 mm.

Head, mouthparts and antennae dark brown, frontal tubercles well developed,
A.R. about 1. Thorax yellowish, mesonotal stripes brown or occasionally reddish

436 NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA)

brown, postnotum and sternopleuron darker brown. Legs brownish, pulvilli absent,
L.R. about 1-5, combs of posterior legs large, occupying about one half of circum-
ference, clearly separated but without spurs. Wings fairly well clothed with macro-
trichia over most of the surface, costa and apex of R,,, ending opposite apex of
M34, halteres yellow. Abdomen olive green, unmarked ; hypopygium (Text-fig. 6, a)
with broad anal point lacking row of dots, appendage 1 slightly drawn out at
apex, appendage Ia narrow and projecting beyond 1, 2 with comparatively few hairs
at apex, 2a short and stout with numerous simple hairs, styles rather blunt and
short.
Female resembles male, antennae with six segments.

Fic. 6. Hypopygia of Tanytarsus. (a) T. vespertinus ; (b) T. funebris.

I have seen cotype males in the British Museum and others from the Canterbury
Museum (type locality, Christchurch).

DISTRIBUTION. CANTERBURY: Christchurch, cotypes and other specimens ;
Cass, 2 9, (A. Tonnoir); Rolleston, 1 g, xi.1922 (J. W. Campbell). Otaco:
Alexandra, 24 3, 12 2 (C. C. Fenwick).

Tanytarsus (Tanytarsus) funebris sp. n.

A darker species than vespertinus, thoracic markings dark brown, abdomen a
very dark olive or brownish green ; tibial combs each with a strong spur; anal
point of male with a row of dots, appendage 2a narrow and with a compact brush
at apex. This species is much more typical than is vespertinus and is not unlike
the African T. migrocinctus Freeman, but is easily separated by the absence of
markings on the abdomen.

Male. Wing length 2:5 mm.

NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA, NEMATOCERA) 437

Head, antennae and mouthparts dark brown, frontal tubercles present and well
formed, A.R. about 1. Thorax mostly brown or dark brown, slightly pruinose :
shoulders, lateral margins and scutellum yellowish, there is some indication of
separation of the stripes. Legs yellowish brown, anterior tarsi broken, pulvilli
absent, tibial combs separate and each with a strong spur. Wzangs with macrotrichia
on apical half and as lines of hairs in cells in the more basal part; apex of R,,;
beyond level of apex of M,,,. Halteres yellow. Abdomen uniformly very dark
olive green or brownish green; hypopygium (Text-fig. 6, 6) with row of dots on
anal point, appendage I as shown or rather narrower, Ia absent, 2 with numerous
hairs, 2a narrow with compact apical brush of hairs.

Female similar to male in colour, wings with denser and more evenly distributed
macrotrichia.

Holotype male, South Canterbury, 1.1923 (7. R. Harris). AUCKLAND: Paiaka,
I g, I Q, xi-xii.1949 (R. A. Cumber). WESTLAND: Lake Moana, 1 4, 1 9, xii. 1925
(A. Tonnoir). CANTERBURY: New Brighton, Dyer’s Road, 2 ¢, iv.1922 (J. W.
Campbell). Specimens collected by Tonnoir are in the Canterbury Museum, holotype
and remainder are in the British Museum.

PLATE 11

Wings of Chironomidae. (a) Anatopynia antarctica; (b) A. apicincta; (c) A. languidus ;
(d) A. debilis ; (e) A. umbrosa; (f) A. quadricincta ; (g) Diplocladius lacuniferus ; (h) D. pictus ;
(i) Orthocladius pictipennis ; (j) Polypedilum pavidus ; (k) P. longicrus ; (1) P. opimus.

Bull. B.M. (N.H.) Entom. 7, 9

PLATE

so Ay
a be

1 2 FEBI9S9

Paper
it

4 whine e

INDEX TO VOLUME VII

New taxonomic names are in bold type.

acte liviana, Ticherra. : ; Bea {2%
actinophorae, Exocentrus : : . 290
acutispina, Exocentrus . : 5 4 3.283
adamanensis, Exocentrus : : . 298
adspersus, Exocentrus . . : e227)
adspersus clarae, Exocentrus . : on M227
adspersus revelieri, Exocentrus : oe 5227
aeruginosi, Nirmus : : 162
afer, Stivalius 59, 64 (fig.), 68 (fig.),
72 (fig.)

africana, Degeeriella 151, 152, 163 (fig.),
pl. 2

africana, Hydroptila
africanus, Puto

364 (fig.), 365
115, 116 (fig.), 117

africanus, Rhizoecus : : : oo el]
agnioides, Coladenia , : ; “7 383)
aguiae, Philopterus ; : ‘ . 198
alaconia media, Narathura : : . 380
albolineatus, Exocentrus. ; . 310 (fig.)
albomaculatus, Exocentrus. : . 234
alboscutellaris, Exocentrus . ; te eG pi
alboseriatus, Exocentrus sp atiris
albosignatus, Exocentrus , : 253
albosticticus, Exocentrus : ; « 243
albostictipennis, Exocentrus.. ; . 260
albostriatus, Exocentrus : : . 255
albovarius, Exocentrus . : ‘ 12230
albovittatus, Exocentrus : : - 309

albovittipennis, Exocentrus 309
alienus, Stivalius 42, 43, 44 (fig.), 45 (fig.),
56 (fig.), 60 (fig.)

alluaudi, Exocentrus F ; F ~ 12607
alni, Exocentrus. : 2 : pee tOL
alternans, Exocentrus.. 2 : . 308
analis, Chironomus 423 (fig.),

425
Anatopynia 401-402
ancilla bambusae, Telicota 389, 390
andamanensis, Exocentrus 234, 235
angusticollis, Exocentrus 280-281
angustus, Nirmus . , : te kad
anita anita, Amblypodia_ : A Be Hho:
anomala, Paraputo ; : F A 21
antaretica, Anatopynia - 402-403
apicincta, Anatopynia_. , ‘ . 403
apicinella, Anatopynia . P : . 406
appendiculatus, Nirmus . : F . 186
approximata, Paucispinigera 427 (fig.), 429
aquilarum, Degeeriella_ . . : £70

armatus, Exocentrus 249-250

artocarpi, Exocentrus 286-287
asmarensis, Exocentrus . : : <- 239
athada athada, Narathura - F - 379
aureomaculatus, Exocentrus . z sr 2O2
aurarius, Bagauda . 331, 332 (fig.), 333
aurelia, Narathura ; : ‘ «399
aureopilosus, Exocentrus A : -267
azinis azinis, Narathura . < é se SO
badius, Exocentrus : : : =. 6230
balteata, Lamia . : : - ie
bantu, Pseudococcus ve 86 (fig.),

Barbierexocentrus . pare ae
barbieri, Exocentrus , E : 7 zoo
barleriae, Pseudococcus . TOy Ty (f12),.12
basilanus, Exocentrus . ‘ ‘ . 280
basirufus, Exocentrus . : . ey:
basituberculatus, Exocentrus . 3 Petts vc!
bauhiniae, Exocentrus . 2 : 232-3

beaufacies, Degeeriella 128 (fig.), 133 (fig.),
142 (fig.), 152, 153, 159 (fig.), pl. :

bechuanae, Pseudococcus ae 88 (ig.), 8
beesoni, Exocentrus ; 23 :
benjaminii formosana, Choaspes : s+ 383
betschuanus, Exocentrus . z : i .3to
bialbomarmoratus, Exocentrus , Pe 2A3
bicolor, Exocentrus ; : 2O2
bicolor diversiceps, Exocentrus : PE 300
bicoloripennis, Exocentrus ; : 2257
bicolor lateralis, Exocentrus : . 300
bifasciatus, Exocentrus . ‘ % . 200
binhensis, Exocentrus . : : 35207
binaluensis, Exocentrus . . - 280
biordinata aethiopica, Atoconeura B 57 (fig.),
358
birmanus, Exocentrus 271-272

bispinus, Perilestes 353 (fig.), 354

blotei, Exocentrus . : ‘ : 4.200
boafoensis, Tylococcus 30, 31 (fig.), 32
borealis, Degeeriella ; : : « 144
brevis, Exocentrus : 2 F 2200
brevisetosus, Exocentrus 229-230
bromus bromus, Caltario : 3 - 390
brookiana trogon, Trogonoptera : e372

Bi, 22) 23).(fe:)
89, 90 (fig.), 91, 92
335, 336 (fig.),

337
2 (fig.), 58 (fig.),
73, 74

bukobensis, Pseudococcus
burnerae, Pseudococcus .
buyassuana, Dohrnemesa

cacuminis, Stivalius

440 INDEX

caffra, Pseudococcus 92, 93 (fig.)
callioides, Exocentrus. . 3 ‘ :. Bez
campbelli, Lobodiamesa . ‘ : . 410
Camptomyme : 246-284
cana, Anatopynia . : : ; . 408
Canterburyensis, Chironomus

(Dicrotendipes) . ; ; ; st 285
canum, Polypedilum 431 (fig.), 434-435
capensis, Pseudococcus . : ‘ - . 04
carissae, Exocentrus 2 : ; se azO

136 (fig.), 142 (fig.), 153,
154, 163 (fig.), pl. 2

carrikeri, Degeeriella

castaneus, Nirmus . : ; ; s/) »EOO
celebicus, Exocentrus . ‘ «+ 292
celtis, Planococcus B6, 27 (fig.), 28
centenes, Exocentrus : ; : « 286
Centenexocentrus . 284-289
centenoides, Exocentrus . : : . 286
Chaetocladius : 417-418
championi, Exocentrus . : ; -- §302
chatterjeei, Exocentrus . : ; 290
cheesmanae, Gardena 333, 334 (fig.), 335
chevaugeoni, Exocentrus : : : 247
CHIRONOMINAE 420-421
Chironomus . 422, 424
chrysocomae, Tylocoschs 1 118 (fig.), 119
ciliatissimus, Exocentrus 283-284
cingulatus, Cricotopus . ‘ ; : 44
circi, Kélerinirmus : : + Ge
citri phenacocciformis, Pseudococens . 94
citri, Pseudococcus ‘ : i 94
clinia, Neptis 375; ‘pl. 10

375 (fig.), pl. 10
sah 255

clinioides, Neptis
coeruleus, Exocentrus

collarti, Exocentrus : : : 130
constricticollis, Exocentrus. . ; : 293
conradti, Exocentrus 251, 252
coomani, Exocentrus 7 seas
costatus, Exocentrus ; : . 277
crassepunctus, Exocentrus : : £353
Cricotopus . : : : ; s 453
crinitus, Cerambyx : ; ‘ . 226
cudraniae, Exocentrus . : : « 302

431 (fig.), 434

cumberi, Polypedilum . ‘
55, 57, 62 (fig.), 66 (fig.),

curtiductus, Stivalius

72 (fig.)
curtipennis, Exocentrus . 228, 274
curvilineatus, Nirmus. : : a 2 ED
cyaneus, Exocentrus , 277

cylindricus, Chironomus (Cryptochironomus)
423 (fig.), 425-426

dalbergiae, Exocentrus . : : «| 302
dalbergianus, Exocentrus 294-295
davidis, Allotinus 377 (fig.), pl. 10

debilio, Anatopynia ‘ : ; . 404
decellei, Exocentrus ‘ i : 244i
decorsei, Exocentrus : : ; ag

Degeeriella_. ’ ' , 123-207

densefuscosticticus, Exocentrus : a
Dentexocentrus. 323-324
digitulus, Polypedilum 431 (fig.), 433-434
dentipes, Exocentrus F 323-324
Diplocladius . é : ; : - 415
discocephalus, Nirmus . : P - 168
discocephalus amblys, Nirmus : + T6om
discocephalus aquilarum, Degeeriella 170-171,
pl. 9

discocephalus discocephalus, Degeeriella 139
(fig.), 145 (fig.), 159 (fig.), 168, 169 (fig.), 170,
172 (fig.), pl. 9

downingi, Exocentrus.. : ; -, (235

drescheri, Exocentrus 278-279
echimys, Exocentrus : ‘ <> 2am
echinulus, Exocentrus . .) 268

elana, Halpe . 384 (fig.), 385 (fig.), 386 ~
elani, Degeeriella 128 (fig.), 139 (fig.), 148 (fig.),
163 (fig.), 174, 175, 176, pl. 6
145 (fig.), 159 (fig.), 163
(fig.), 172, 173, Pl. 7
elisabethae, Pseudococcus _ ; 22 Oe
elizabethae, Panchala . 380, 381, pl. 10
emersoni, Degeeriella 136 (fig.), 142 (fig.), 154,
15h WA EOP 163 (fig-)

elbeli, Degeeriella .

EMESINAE 329-346
enganensis, Exocentrus . : . ag
erinaceus, Exocentrus : 231, 232
eryx excellens, Artipe ; ‘ x wee
exiguus, Exocentrus ; : : ‘| 6262
Exocentrus : 209-328
explanatidens, Exocentrus ; » 5 29E
eucnemus, Stenolemus 340, 341 (fig.), 342
euzonius, Nirmus . g - 866
exitiabilis, Pseudococcus ay hee

exparrecta, Dohrnemesa 337, 338, 330 (fig.) 340

fabronia lina, Jacoona
facetus, Stenolemus
falcifer, Rhizoecus .
fallaciosus, Stivalius

381, 382
342, 343 (he:)- 344

» my
50 (fig.), "58 (fig.), 67

fallax michaelis, Allotinus aii pl. 10
fasciolatus, Exocentrus . r 274
femoralis, Exocentrus. . ‘ 5 25g
fernandopoanus, Exocentrus_ . ; . 248
ficicola, Exocentrus 3 F ‘ « 278
fisheri, Exocentrus , ; 294
flagrans, Pseudococcus 94, 95 (fig.), 96
flavidus, Nirmus . . : ~ 14@
flavipes, Anatopynia 405 (fig.), 406
flavofasciatus, Exocentrus ; ; 1268
flemingiae, Exocentrus . é : . 299
flemingiae fuscoscapus, Exocentrus . - 299
Formosexocentrus .

322-323
fragilis, Pseudococcus 96
fraseri, Ietinogomphus 354, 355 (fig.), \, 356 (fig.),

357

INDEX 441

freda, Curetis
freyi, Exocentrus .
fouqueti, Exocentrus : : 296
fulleri, Natalensis . 84, 85 (fig.)
fulva, Degeeriella 128 (fig.), I 30 (fig.), 133 (fig.),
136 (fig.), 142 (fig.), 147-150, 159 (fig.), 163
(fig.), 169 (fig.), 172 (fig.), pls. 1, 8
fulvus, Nirmus : ; : eee Y |
fumosus, Exocentrus : ; : . 298
funebris, Tanytarsus . 436 (fig.), 437
fusca, Degeeriella 128 (fig.), 136 (fig.), 142 (fig.),
162-164, pl. 4, pl. 8
359, 360 (fig.)

377, 378 (fig.), pl. ro

fuscipes, Chimarra .

fuscosignatipennis, Exocentrus ‘ * 4.263
fuscosignatus, Exocentrus : F = (242
fuscovittatus, Exocentrus s : oe 2077
fuscus, Nirmus P 2) 445-162
fuscus epustulatus, Nirmus ; : 2 16x
gahani, Pseudococcus . : P ; 96
galloisi, Exocentrus : : ? . 228
gardneri, Exocentrus ; “3 2003.34
gardnerianus, Exocentrus ; : » 1266
gedeensis, Exocentrus.. ; ; . 278
genitalis, Degeeriella ; : F = 444
ghesquierei, Exocentrus . . 313-314
giebeli, Degeeriella P : : . 144
graecus, Exocentrus : ; ‘ 3, 225
graminis, Pseudococcus . : IOI, 103
granulicollis, Exocentrus ‘ , 301
grossepunctatus, Exocentrus . : . 261
gregalis, Grewiacoccus 82, 83 (fig.), 84
greviae, Exocentrus : : : : 1303
grisescens, Exocentrus. . 3 i 2247

guichardi, Pseudagrion 351, 352 (fig.)
guimaraesi, Degeeriella 151 (fig.), 159 (fig.), 163
(fig.), 169 (fig.), 177-180, pl. 7

guineensis, Exocentrus pgind:
guttulatus, Exocentrus . : : 292
guttulatus obscurior, Exocentrus. 203
guttulatus rufescens, Exocentrus.. 3, 2293
guttulatus subconjunctus, Exocentrus “a 203
guttulatus alboguttatus, Exocentrus Ee 2O2
gypsivorum, Degeeriella . : : “7 1907
hageni, Exocentrus : : : = 233
hallei, Exocentrus . : ; : ee ZAs
hargreavesi, Pseudococcus 21, 22, 23 (fig.)
harita, Neptis F ‘ : , 37.0
harrisi, Chaetocladius 417 (fig.), 418
harrisi, Maoridiamesa_.. : ; . 4iII
harrisi, Pentaneura : ; 2 . 400
harrisi, whe! ae 431 (fig.), 433
Harrisius ‘ : : : . 426
hauxwelli, Halpe . ; s ; . 386
heliodore, Neptis $9374): pl. 10
hilda, Telicota . 390, pl. 10
hirtus, Exocentrus : ; ; 279

hispiduloides, Exocentrus : - . 285

hispidulus, Exocentrus . 284 (fig.), 285

hopkinsi, Degeeriella 136 (fig.), 145 (fig.),
159 (fig.), aaron pl. 4

hudsoni, Macropelopia_ . : . 402
humeralis, Exocentrus 219
hupehensis, Exocentrus . : , 273
Hydroptila sp. F A . 365
hyperbius sumatrensis, Argyreus : < 3373
immaculatus, Exocentrus ; : . 293
incertus, Nirmus . ; : , 186
inclusus, Exocentrus 263, 308
indica panica, Antonina . F ; . 4, 80
indicola, Exocentrus : : 21.300

inermis, Micrococcus
insularis, Exocentrus

“4,5 (fig.), 6
232, 281-282

insulicola, Exocentrus. : : x (232
intermedia intermedia, Chersonesia . 23373
interruptefasciatus, Exocentrus : . 238

intexta, Chimarra .
inyazurae, Trionymus

361 (fig.)
16, 17 (fig.), 18

Ispaterus : : ; : 2° 315
ivorensis, Exocentrus f : F ects
javaensis, Exocentrus. P : 278
jeanneli, Exocentrus : : P . 266
josephi, Exocentrus 240, 241
kalshoveni, Exocentrus . : . 277-278
kashmirensis, Exocentrus : ; P23 7
klapperichi, Exocentrus . ; ~) 2363237
kuluensis, Exocentrus . ; : . 306
kunzei, Nirmus : : ; : Amal:
kutu, zographetus . : ; : . 388
lacteolus, Exocentrus . s : rig eas te)
lacuniferus, Diplocladius é ; . 416
languidus, Anatopynia ; . 403-404
latefasciatipennis, Exocentrus . : -- .248
lateralis, Exocentrus : f ; + 308
latevittipennis, Exocentrus.. P . 256
leucolineatus, Exocentrus : ; sa25O
leuconata, Neptis . 375, pl. 10

leucopleura, Degeeriella . 136 (fig.), 145 (fig.),
159 (fig.), BD ca

leucopleurus, Nirmus . 165
leucostriatus, Exocentrus 3 : . 255
lineatus, Exocentrus F : : . 229
lineellus, Pseudocentrus . : . . 306
lineolatus, Exocentrus . P F 269
lobifer, Metriocnemus 412-413
Lobodiamesa : ; = - 410
lochrymosus, Exocentrus = A ky?

longicrus, Polypedilum
longipilis, Exocentrus

431 (fig.), 432
319-320

442 INDEX

loranthi, Cataenococcus . ‘ : ara
lounsburyi, Pseudococcus 2 ; A ng6
luculentus taorana, Pratapa . 5 SBE
lusitanicus, Cerambyx . . ; <i t2Z0
lusitanus, Cerambyx : ; : | 226
lusitanus, Exocentrus 226-227
maculatus, Exocentrus . , : > BRT
maiae, Exocentrus : . 247-248
major, Exocentrus : . Rom iy
malacanthae, Tylococcus 32, 33 (fig.), 34
malloti, Exocentrus ‘ 5 : Bs
mallyi, Pseudococcus : 97, 98 (fig.), 9

malus, Pentaneura (Ablabesmyia) . : ve
Maoridiamesa ; : , . ES
marcia, Niphanda . ; ; > . ga%
marginicollis, Exocentrus : ; + ‘207
maritimus, Pseudococcus : : : 904
marmoratus, Exocentrus é ‘ : 25¥
massarti, Exocentrus 241, 242
masumae, Degeeriella_. : ; » x60
mazoeensis, Pseudococcus 12, 13 (fig.), 14
medecassus, Exocentrus . ‘ ‘ ie (287
Metriocnemus : : : ‘ s: Ar?
m-fuscus, Exocentrus . ; . 244

meinertzhageni, Degeeriella 1 51 (fig.), 159 (fig.),
163 (fig.), 175 (fig-), i 177, pl. 7

meridionalis, Exocentrus ‘ . gto
mindanaoensis, Exocentrus’. ; . 286
mindoroanus, Exocentrus : : i S2OE
mindaroensis, Exocentrus ; ; a 261
minimus, Exocentrus 248-249
minuta, Suastus. . F : : « 386
mirabilis, Pseudococcus . 99, 100 (fig.)
mirei, Exocentrus . 312-313
miselloides, Exocentrus . 282-283
misellus, Exocentrus 275-276
moerens, Exocentrus ; 3 : #7 1275
monticola, Excentrus.. : ; + ¢ 303

mookerjeei, Degeeriella 128 (fig.), 153 (fig.),
156 (fig.), 169 (fig.), 194, 195, pl. 8

multiguttulatus, Exocentrus . J ~ 295
multilineatus, Exocentrus ; : ¢ SEE
multivittatus, Exocentrus : : = § 256
muraltiae, Psuedococcus IOI, 102 (fig.)
murinus, Exocentrus : : ‘ 204
nandina gononata, Neptis 3 » 375
natalensis, Antonina ‘80, 81 (fig.)
natalensis, Pseudococcus 101, 103
neopomerianus, Exocentrus. ‘ . 285
nicévillei, Chersonesia . : : : 373
niger, Exocentrus . ; « “287
nigeriensis, Stivalius 4 (fig.), 65, 67, 70 (fig.),

72 (86)
nigrescens, Exocentrus . ‘ : 258
nigricans, Celaenorrhinus ‘ ; - “385
nigricollis, Exocentrus . j : A) Ge
nigronotatus, Exocentrus 3 ; . 296
nigroplagiatus, Exocentrus ‘ 7) gr8

nipalica, Calicnemia 350-351
nisus, Degeeriella ; ;
nisus epustulata, Degeeriella 161, 175 (fig.)
nisus frater, Degeeriella . 133 (fig.), 136 (fig.),
142 (fig.), 158, 159, 160, pl. 3

nisus haydocki, Degeeriella 160, 161, pl. 2
nisus nisus, Degeeriella 133 (fig.), 136 (fig.),
142 (fig., 155-157, 163 (fig.), 172 (fig.), pls. 3, 8

nisus vagans, Deegeriella 157, pl. 3

nitens, Exocentrus : : Lee
nitidus, Pseudococcus ‘ 103, 104 (fig.)
njalensis, Planococcoides ; ao REE
njalensis, Pseudococcus . : : a Oe
nonymoides, Exocentrus : : .- “eRe
novae-zelandiae, Chironomus . : » \qze
novae-zelandiae, Macropelopia : . 404
obliquevittatus, Exocentrus . | “394

occidentalis, Exocentrus 245 (fig.), 246
ochreopunctatus, Exocentrus . . 240, 340
ochreovitticollis, Exocentrus . ~~ Bre
ogygia, Zographetus 386, 387 (fig.), 388
ogygia sanga, Zographetus 387 (fig.), 388

ohakunensis, Podonomus : ) . 409
Oligopsis 315-322
Ophryophorus - 427-428
opimus, Polypedilum 431 (fig.), 432-433
orientalis, Exocentrus . , : . 265
ornatus shinyanga, Stenolemus 344, 345 (fig.),

346
Orthocladius . : ; : : - 418
ortmansi, Exocentrus . * - Sat

pallidus, Harrisius . 426-427 (fig.)

pamela, Potanthus ; 3 . 389
pandocus tahanensis, Ypthima J Hs yf
papuensis, Stenolemus . : : . 346
paradoxa aenigma, Chilasa. ~ 1 3e2

parilis, Stivalius 61, 48 (fig.), 58 (fig.), 64 (fig.),

68 (fig.), 72 (fig-)

parrotiae, Exocentrus. ‘ : ~ 230
parterufipennis, Exocentrus . ; 3 262
pava pava, Potanthus . . 389

pavidus, Polypedilum
patrizii, Exocentrus

430, 43% (fig.), 432
318, 319 (fig.)

Paucispinigera : 428-429
Pentaneura . ‘ : ; ae
pentziae, Octococcus 6 7 (fig.), 8

phaseoli, Heliococcus 19, 20 (88), 21

philippinensis, Exocentrus 3 281
philippinensis transeuns, Exocentrus 5 26x
philippinensis unicolor, Exocentrus . - ~“2SL
philippinus, Exocentrus * Bc 1 22a
phisara, Daimio . , : 383

phisara tristis, Daimio
phlyctopygus, Degeeriella

; . 383, pl. ro
153 (fig.), 156 (fig.),
166 (fig.), 193, pl. 8
phocides phocides, Bindahara : . 382
pici, Exocentrus . ’ ' . ee

INDEX 443

pictipennis, Orthocladius 417 (fig.), 419
pictus, Diplocladius 416-417 (fig.)
pilosicornis, Exocentrus . ’ Z . 305
pinheyi, Catoxyethira 365 (fig.), 366
pinwilli pinwilli, Pintara ‘ : 303
pirloti, Stivalius 54 (fig.), 58 (fig.), 62 (fig.),

64 (fig,), 70 (fig.), 71, 72

plagiatus, Exocentrus.. : ? > 242
pluriserialis, Trichocladius 414-415
Podonomus . F ; ; - 409
Polypedilum . : . 429-430
porus, Halpe : . : F . 386
proteae, Paracoccus : 8, 9 (fig.), 10
pseudandamanensis, Exocentrus 234, 235
Pseudocentrus : 289-315
PSEUDOCOCCIDAE Z é 3-37, 79-120
pseudomurinus, Exocentrus. , . 269
pseudomuta, Narathura . j : > 379
pseudexiguus, Exocentrus , : x 307
pseudonitens, Exocentrus 266-267
pseudophaeus, Nirmus . - : . 186
pseudoruficollis, Exocentrus . : . 239
pterocauloni, Trionymus ; : 18, 19
pubescens, Exocentrus . . E 8 B04
pubicornis, Cerambyx. ‘ . 2 1226

punctifer, Degeeriella 128 (fig.), 139 (fig.), 148
(fig.), 163 (fig.), 172 (fig), aa saree 9

punctifer, Philopterus. . : 196
punctipennis, Exocentrus Fi : . 228
punctipennis signatus Exocentrus . eZon
putra sanda, Celaenorrhinus . ; 303
pyrrha, Celaenorrhinus . ; ‘ 383

quadricincta, Anatopynia hoe 408

quaesitus, Pseudococcus 94, 105, 106 (fig.), 113
quercus, Cerambyx , ; : na 226

quinquepunctata, Anatopynia . 405 (fig.)
raffrayi, Exocentrus é - : 268
ramiferus, Ophryophorus 427 (fig.), 428
ranga malaya, Parathyma ; : ~ -376
regalis, Degeeriella 178 (fig.), I9I, 192
regalis, Nirmus : - . 186

regalis castanea, Degeeriella 163 (fig.), 190,, pl.5

regalis deignani, Degeeriella 139 (fig.), 190, pl. 5

regalis regalis, Degeeriella 128 (fig.), 139 (fig.),
148 (fig.), 163 (fig.), 172 (fig.), 178 (fig.),

By 89, pl. 5
reticulatus, Exocentrus . 306, 307
rhodesianus, Exocentrus : = 6202
rhodesiensis, Pseudococcus 14, 15 (fig.), 16
rhodopis, Rapala . A : . 382

richardi, Stivalius . 53, 52 (fig.), 58 (fig.), 62
(fig.), 66 (fig.), 72 (fig.)
Riethia : d - 421-422
rima, Degeeriella 150, 169 (fig.), 172 (fig.)
roepkei ioannis, Neptis . ; ; - 374

rufa carruthi, Degeeriella 175 (fig.), 185, 186
rufa rufa, Degeeriella 128 (fig.), 130 (fig.), 133
(fig.), 139 (fig.), 148 (fig.), 159 (fig.), 166 (fig.),
169 (fig.), 172 (fig.), 175 (fig.), 180, 182 (fig.),
183-185, ae7 (fig.), pl. 6, pl. 8

ruficollis, Exocentrus : : >» 238
rufobasicornis, Exocentrus ; : ny Ate
ruficolor, Exocentrus ; : , 295-2906
ruficornis, Exocentrus. . : ; ese
rufiscapus, Exocentrus . F : . 299
rufithorax, Exocentrus . ‘ : 2 (294
rufobasiantennalis, Exocentrus . «- 287
rufohumeralis, Exocentrus E ; 290
rufostigma, Protosticta 446; 350 aes)
rufotaenia rufotaenia, Marmessus_ . 382
rufotibialis, Exocentrus . F : a 240
rufus, Exocentrus . : : : 2 1257
rufus, Nirmus j : ; : . 180
rubripennis, Exocentrus . , : . 298
saitoi, Exocentrus : : ; 204.
saleyerianus, Exocentrus : : . -208
sandaka, Neptis . : ‘ ; 373
sanguineus, Trionymus 18) LOT re
sannio ricardi, Pratapa . 381, pl. 10
santali, Exocentrus ‘ ‘ : 8305
saturalis, Exocentrus. ; : - 234
savioi, Exocentrus . : 228-229
schoutedeni, Exocentrus : ; . 259
scudderii perlisa, Marmessus_ . 3 » 382
secondaria, Nirmus : ; = 198

: 107, 108 (fig.)
54 (fig.), “58 (fig.) 64 (fig.),
69, 70 (fig.), 71, 72 (fig-)

segnis, Pseudococcus
sellatus, Stivalius

senegalensis, Exocentrus . : : 3 3k5
seriatomaculatus, Exocentrus . : +: (322
seriatopunctatus, Exocentrus . , . 285
seriatus, Exocentrus 252-253
seticollis, Exocentrus. ‘ ; . 303
sexseriatus, Exocentrus . ; ; in 316
signatus, Exocentrus.. P : . 230
simulator, Pseudococeus . : : . 89
sjéstedti. Exocentrus ‘ : 2 2205,
Smittia ; é : : : . 419
socialis, Nirmus_. F : : . 162
socialis, Pseudococcus 107, 109 (fig.), 110

solitarius, Pseudococcus . ; , Pts (0 0)
somalicum, Enallagma » 352-353
spelaea, Rhizoecus . 28, 29 (fig.), 30
spinicauda, Orthotrichia . 366, 367 (fig.),

368 (fig.)
splendidus, Degeeriella_ . ‘ P . 199
stelli, Pseudococcus 110, 111 (fig.), 112
stelli tylococciformis, Pseudococcus . cpr
stenorhynchus, Nirmus . : fs . 198
stierlini, Exocentrus ‘ 227-228
Stivalius P : : : 41-76
strigosus, Exocentrus : : P . 251
stubbsi, Hyarotis . P : . . 389

444 INDEX

subarmatus, Exocentrus . : ; . 249
subbidentatus, Exocentrus 273-274
subexiguus, Exocentrus : : <7 307
subfasciatipennis, Exocentrus . ; + (905
subfasciatus, Exocentrus 253-254, 305
subglaber, Exocentrus . - : - 279
subgriscens, Exocentrus . : : WASES
subinclusus, Exocentrus . : : 2) $264
subinclusus latefasciatus, Exocentrus - 265
sublateralis, Exocentrus . 311-312
sublineatus, Exocentrus . 233-234
submisellus, Exocentrus . ; ; . 2976
submoerens, Exocentrus oe , ~ 274
subnitens, Exocentrus. . 2 3 «250
subpilosus, Cerambyx . : : -, "220
subplagiatus, Exocentrus 242-243
subreticulatus, Exocentrus. : 2. “S07
subruficollis, Exocentrus : « | 239
subrufus, Exocentrus : : : . 258
subseriatus, Exocentrus . : ; + "203
substrigosus, Exocentrus 263-264
sudanicus, Exocentrus . : : 3 208
sumatranus, Exocentrus 276-277
sumatrensis, Exocentrus ‘ . -. 276
sumbawanus, Exocentrus ‘ ‘ i) ©2356
tafoensis, Delococcus 3 : : iy 36
Tanytarsus . : : ; : +, 0435
tavoyana, Plastingia : : . - 389
tectonae, Exocentrus : : , 1286
temporalis, Nirmus , . 165
tendeiroi, Degeeriella 139 (fig.), 145 (fig.),
163 (fig.), 173, 174, pl. 6
terminaliae, Exocentrus . é : . 304
tesselatus, Exocentrus . ; : ; 4236
testaceus, Exocentrus 299-300
testaceus bicolor, Exocentrus . : 300
testaceus diversiceps, Exocentrus . - 300
testaceus lateraloides, Exocentrus. » 300
testaceus rufoampliatus, Exocentrus . . 300
testaceus rufobasipennis, Exocentrus . 300
testaceus subbicolor, Exocentrus : . 300
testudineus, Exocentrus . : ; ext20
theresae, Exocentrus é ; : 295

timanus, Stivalius 50 (fig.), 56 (fig.), rs 64
(fig.), alg 72 (fig-)
tippmanni, Exocentrus ay | Qiz
tonkineus, Exocentrus . . 296
torvus, Stivalius 42 (fig.), 47, 48 (fig.), 49, 51,

53, 56 (fig.), 60 (fig.), 62 (fig.), SORES. 72 (8g:)
transvaalensis, Antonina : 80, 81
transvaalensis, Pseudococcus . YI2) 153
transversifrons, Exocentrus 235, 236

trichiliae, Pseudococeus . 105, 113
Trichocladius : 2 f : ene Si
trifasciatus, Exocentrus . : : 92
trifaciellus, Exocentrus . : , + 298
trinigrovittatus, Exocentrus . ; - 239
tristis, Exocentrus « (282
truncata, Pseudoneureclipsis 301, 362 (fig.), 363
Tuberculexocentrus ; ; 325
tulsi tulsi, Caltoris . : : : . 391
umbrosa, Anatopynia . ‘ : . 406
undulatofasciatus, Exocentrus ; oa aS
ugandae, Pseudococcus 24, 25 5 (he-)
ugandicola, Exocentrus . : 240
unicolor, Exocentrus : ; , -. 358
unicoloripennis, Exocentrus . : me tate
univittatus, Exocentrus . - i «249
vagans, Nirmus . ; : 29 353
vagemaculatus, Exocentrus ‘ ‘ | 257
vagestictus, Exocentrus . 2 258
vancamneyti, stivalius 57, 59, ‘62 (fig.), 68 (fig.),
72 (fig.)
vaneyeni, Exocentrus.. . é -. (25S
varro selama, Narathura . 378, 379
viridipennis, Exocentrus i : ee,
variegatus, Exocentrus 260-261
vareipennis, Exocentrus . 322-323
vastatar, Nipaecoccus ; ; : * SRS
verna, Smittia d s i «gO,
vespertinus, Tanytarsus . 435-436 (fig.)
vittatus, Exocentrus é : . 269
vittatus, Nirmus_ . : ; : . 186
vittulatus, Exocentrus . : 3 a SUE

wachendarfiae, Pseudococcus 113, 114 (fig.), 115
westwoodi, Tylococcus 34, 35 (fig.), 36

woodlark, Exocentrus s.g. ‘ : . 288
woodlarkianus, Exocentrus 288-289
woolletti woolletti, Scobura_. P . 386

422, 423 (fig.)
423 (fig.), 424-425

zeylandiea, Riethia
zealandicus, Chironomus

zealandicus, Cricotopus 413-414
zema, Halpe . é 384, 385
ziczac, Exocentrus : * ; . ee
zikaweiensis, Exocentrus : : - 295
zola zola, Halpe_. ‘ ; re - 386

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